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Achhar Singh Chhina, born on October 2, 1899, in Amritsar, Punjab, was a significant figure in the Indian communist movement and an active participant in the struggle for Indian independence. He was significantly involved in numerous demonstrations against British rule and greatly influenced by the Ghadar Party's revolutionary ideas.

Chhina received his early education at Khalsa College, Amritsar, where he actively participated in protests against British rule, including a boycott of the Prince of Wales' visit. In 1921, he traveled to the United States, along with S. Pratap Singh Kairon and S. Jaswant Singh Kairon, to pursue his engineering studies at the University of California, Berkeley College of Engineering. He also completed his graduation in Political Science and Economics from the University of California, Berkeley. During his time in San Francisco, he associated himself with the Ghadar Party and embraced their revolutionary ideals, eventually becoming an active member.

After completing his studies, Chhina joined the Ford Motor Company in Detroit, Michigan, where he worked until 1930. In 1931, he established a Ghadar Party unit in Detroit and became the president of the unit after uniting the local Indian community and promoting the ideology of Indian freedom. However, after meeting with Teja Singh Samundri, his desire to deepen his understanding of political science and economics led him to Moscow, Russia, where he went to pursue further studies in a communist society and explore the differences between communism and capitalism.

In 1932, Chhina left the United States for the Soviet Union to pursue his master's in socialist studies at Far Eastern Federal University. Upon completing his studies, he returned to India in 1936 but was arrested and detained in Lahore for two months. Following his release, the British government restricted his movements, confining him to his village in 1937.

In March 1938, Chhina, along with Mohan Singh Batth, led a conference in Fatehwal village, Amritsar, organized by the Communist Party of India. Individuals connected to Mir Maqbool, a local landlord and parliamentary secretary for the Unionist Ministry, interfered with the conference. In the ensuing chaos, two attackers were killed by the communists. Chhina and 47 other communists were charged by the police, leading to a highly publicized case. Prominent leader Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew formed a defense committee to fight the charges. However, Chhina had to go into hiding to evade the police. Eventually, he was acquitted, although some of his comrades were convicted.

In the 1940s, Chhina's support for Subhas Chandra Bose's ideology led him to Russia, where he worked towards securing support from Moscow for the freedom movement against British rule. Upon his return to India, he was arrested and taken to Lahore Fort and subsequently Campbell Jail. He was released on May 1, 1942, as part of the Communist Party's support for World War II. Chhina then became the President of the Punjab Kisan Sabha (1948–1947), an organization advocating for farmers' rights. In 1946, he organized the Harsha Chhina Mogha Morcha, a significant protest movement. Once again, he was arrested and detained for three months.

In 1948, Chhina served as secretary of the Punjab Communist Party. After India gained independence, he was arrested by the Indian government and imprisoned in Ambala Jail as the Communist Party was declared illegal. While in prison, he was elected a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Ajnala in 1952. He was re-elected in 1957 and served as an MLA until 1962. Throughout this period, he remained actively involved in Punjab politics.

Achhar Singh Chhina continued his political involvement until his death on March 11, 1981. His contributions to the communist movement in India, his participation in various protests and movements, and his resilience in the face of arrests and imprisonments mark him as an important figure in Indian history.

Positions Achhar Singh Chhina held several significant positions throughout his career, reflecting his commitment to various social and political causes. These positions include:

1. President of the Kisan Sabha Punjab (1942-1947): Chhina served as the President of the Kisan Sabha Punjab, an organization dedicated to advocating for the rights and welfare of farmers in the Punjab region. In this role, he actively worked to address the issues faced by farmers and uplift their socio-economic conditions.

2. Secretary of the Punjab Communist Party (1948): Chhina played a pivotal role as the Secretary of the Punjab Communist Party, shaping the party's political ideology and direction. He worked towards expanding the party's support and influence in Punjab, emphasizing the principles of communism and advocating for social justice and equality.

3. Member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly (MLA) - Ajnala (1952-1956): Chhina served as a member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly from Ajnala constituency during the years 1952 to 1956. In this capacity, he represented the interests of his constituents and actively participated in legislative affairs, contributing to the governance and development of the region.

4. Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) - Ajnala (1956-1962): Chhina continued to serve as a member of the Legislative Assembly from the Ajnala constituency for another term from 1956 to 1962. During this period, he continued his work on behalf of the people, advocating for their rights and working towards their betterment.

5. Member of the Ghadar Party Martyrs Memorial (Desh Bhagat Yaadgar), Punjab: Chhina was a member of the Ghadar Party Martyrs Memorial, also known as Desh Bhagat Yaadgar, in Punjab. This organization pays tribute to the martyrs of the Ghadar Party, a revolutionary organization that fought for India's independence from British rule.

6. Member of the Gadhar Party San Francisco (1922) and President of Gadhar Party Detroit: Chhina was associated with the Gadhar Party since 1922. The Gadhar Party was a prominent revolutionary organization founded by Indian immigrants in the United States, advocating for India's independence from British colonial rule.

7. Founder of Naveen Vidhya Mandir, School: Chhina founded Naveen Vidhya Mandir, a school currently known as “Comrade Achhar Singh Chhina Senior Secondary School Harsha Chhina” that aimed to provide education and empower the youth. This educational institution reflects his dedication to promoting education and improving the lives of future generations.

These positions highlight Chhina's diverse involvement in various political, social, and educational initiatives, all with the common goal of advancing the rights and well-being of the people he served.