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The China National Clearing Center (CNCC, Chinese: 中国人民银行清算总中心, lit. 'People's Bank of China Clearing Center') is a public institution within the People's Bank of China that runs several of China's key financial market infrastructures.

The CNCC operates the China National Advanced Payment System (CNAPS, Chinese: 中國現代化支付系統), a payment system with two main applications: the High-Value Payment System (HVPS, Chinese: 大额支付系统), a real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system comparable to Fedwire in the United States or T2 in the euro area; and the Bulk Electronic Payment System (BEPS, Chinese: 小额支付系统), a retail payment system. The CNCC also operates China's Check Imaging System (CIS), the Internet Banking Payment System (IBPS, Chinese: 网上支付跨行清算), and the China Foreign Exchange Payment System (CFXPS, Chinese: 境内外币支付系统), another RTGS system that specializes in domestic transactions in foreign currencies, previously known in English as China Domestic Foreign Currency Payment System (CDFCPS or FCPS).

High-Value Payment System

As China's domestic RTGS system launched in June 2005, the HVPS has been described as "the backbone of the national payments system in China". In 2009, the HVPS processed 247 million transactions amounting to RMB760 trillion; In 2023, these numbers had grown to 382 million transactions and turnover of RMB8,481 trillion.

By end-2010, the HVPS had 1,729 direct participants and 100,510 indirect participants. Bank of China (Hong Kong) and Bank of China (Macau) [zh] were direct participants of HVPS and are its clearing agents in Hong Kong and Macau respectively. By end-2016, the number of direct participants had shrunk to 305, but that of indirect participants had grown to 141,023.

Bulk Electronic Payment System

The BEPS, launched in June 2006, is a retail payment system which is embedded into the HVPS. It is based on real-time netting and settlement at regular times during the day. In 2009, it processed 226 million transactions amounting to RMB11 trillion. By 2023, these numbers had grown to 4.6 billion transactions and RMB186 trillion.

By end-2010, BEPS had 1,730 direct participants and 100,510 indirect participants, almost exactly overlapping with HVPS with which it shares the CNAPS platform.

Internet Banking Payment System

IBPS started operations in August 2010 and mainly handles instant payment transactions via the internet. It is a deferred net settlement (DNS) system. By end-July 2020, it has 218 direct participants and 175 proxy-access participants. In 2023, it processed 17 billion transactions amounting to RMB301 trillion.

China Domestic Foreign Currency Payment System / China Foreign Exchange Payment System

The CDFCPS, sometimes abbreviated as FCPS, was created in 2008 by the People's Bank of China as a dedicated RTGS system to handle domestic transactions that are entirely denominated in foreign currencies. As of the early 2010s, it handled payments in Australian dollar (AUD), Canadian dollar (CAD), Swiss franc (CHF), euro (EUR), Pound sterling (GBP), Hong Kong dollar (HKD), Japanese yen (JPY), and US dollar (USD). By then, four commercial banks were designated as the FCPS's proxy settlement banks, namely Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank. A that time, the overwhelming majority of FCPS-settled transactions were in US dollar. The FCPS had 31 participants at the end of 2010. The FCPS was renamed CFXPS in the early 2020s.

Domestic foreign-exchange (FX) transactions involving the RMB, by contrast, are not settled on CFXPS but can use the China Foreign Exchange Trade System (CFETS) as clearing house, which in turn uses the HVPS to settle the transactions' RMB legs. Thus, by the early 2010s the CFETS handled most domestic FX transactions. In 2023, CFXPS processed 5 million transactions amounting to USD2.6 trillion (RMB19 trillion).

Check Imaging System

Launched in June 2007, the CNCC's Check Imaging System enables electronic exchange of check images and multilateral net settlement of the corresponding exchange instruments at the HVPS.

See also

• Clearing House Automated Transfer System

References

1. "Infrastructures". People's Bank of China. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
2. ^ "The People's Republic of China: Financial Sector Assessment Program; Systemic Oversight of Financial Market Infrastructures - Technical Note". International Monetary Fund. 26 June 2018.
3. ^ Committee on Payments and Settlement Systems (2012). "Payment, clearing and settlement systems in China" (PDF). Bank for International Settlements.
4. ^ "World Bank Fast Payments Toolkit - Case Study: China" (PDF). World Bank. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
5. ^ "The People's Bank of China Issued China Payment System Development Report for the First Time". People's Bank of China. 31 July 2007.
6. ^ "People's Republic of China: Detailed Assessment Report: CPSS Core Principles for Systemically Important Payment Systems". International Monetary Fund. 5 April 2012.
7. ^ "Payment System Report (2023)" (PDF). People's Bank of China. Retrieved 27 December 2024.

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