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GeneralTapishwar Narain RainaMVC, SM
9th Chief of Army Staff (India)
In office 1 June 1975 – 31 May 1978
President	Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed B. D. Jatti Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi Morarji Desai
Preceded by	General G G Bewoor
Succeeded by	General O P Malhotra
High Commissioner of India to Canada
In office February 1979 – May 1980
Prime Minister	Morarji Desai
Preceded by	Mahboob Ahmad
Succeeded by	G.S. Dhillon
Personal details
Born	(1921-01-24)24 January 1921 Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Died	19 May 1980(1980-05-19) (aged 59)
Awards	Padma Bhushan Maha Vir Chakra Mentioned in dispatches
Military service
Allegiance	British India  India
Branch/service	British Indian Army  Indian Air Force  Indian Army
Years of service	1941–1978
Rank	General
Unit	8th Punjab Regiment 19th Hyderabad Regiment Kumaon Regiment
Commands	Western Army II Corps 25th Division 114 Infantry Brigade 14 Kumaon
Battles/wars	World War II Sino-Indian War Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 Indo-Pakistan War of 1971
Service number	IC-1850

General Tapishwar "Tappy" Narain Raina MVC, SM (24 January 1921 – 19 May 1980), best known as T.N. Raina, was a senior army officer and a diplomat who served as the 9th Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army between 1975 and 1978.

Upon retirement, he was appointed as the High Commissioner of India to Canada. He was a recipient of the third highest civilian honour of India, the Padma Bhushan.

Early life and education

Raina was born in a Kashmiri Pandit family on 24 January 1921, the son of Rai Bahadur A. N. Raina, sometime Postmaster-General of Punjab. He received his early education in Ludhiana, where his father had been posted as Head Postmaster. While a college student in Lahore, at the University of the Punjab, Raina joined the 4th Punjab University Training Corps in October 1938.

Career

Second World War

On 1 May 1941, Raina was attached to the 10th Battalion of the 8th Punjab Regiment, but subsequently considered the air force and briefly served as a cadet in the Indian Air Force during July–August 1941. He then joined the Officers' Training School at Mhow. On 12 April 1942, Raina received an emergency commission as a second lieutenant in the 10th Battalion of 19th Hyderabad Regiment, which became the Kumaon Regiment in 1948. Raina initially joined 10/19 Hyderabad, then at Agra, but was posted to 2/19 Hyderabad in December 1942. In March 1943, he was posted to 1/19 Hyderabad, stationed in Iraq. 1/19 Hyderabad was then part of the 24th Indian Infantry Brigade, attached to the 6th Indian Infantry Division. By the time Raina joined his battalion in Iraq, the major actions in which Iraqforce had been involved in were over. While at Kirkuk, Raina was seriously wounded in a grenade-throwing accident which left him with severe wounds in his thighs and resulted in the loss of an eye. He had a glass eye in place for the rest of his career in the army.

In July 1944, Raina's battalion returned to India and was attached to the 26th Indian Infantry Brigade, which that December was sent to Burma attached to the 36th Indian Infantry Division He was mentioned in dispatches for his service in the Burma Campaign.

Post-Independence

Over August 1949 - January 1951, Raina served as Indian Army Liaison Officer at the School of Infantry in Warminster, UK.

He was the Brigade Commander at Chushul in Ladakh during November 1962. He was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra for his handling of the Battle of Chushul. He was a veteran of the 1962 war and 1971 wars.

On 5 January 1965, Lieutenant-Colonel Raina was appointed Brigadier General Staff (BGS) of the XXXIII Corps in West Bengal. As a major general, Raina went on to become the General Officer Commanding (GOC) of 25 Infantry Division in Poonch.

On 7 October 1971, Raina was appointed GOC of II Corps in the Khulna sector, with the acting rank of Lieutenant General. He raised the Corps in Krishnanagar and commanded it during operations in the Eastern Theatre of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, where it captured the important towns of Khulna, Jessore, Jhenida, Magura and Faridpur and also the area between the rivers Ganges and Padma. For his contributions in the war Raina was awarded the Padma Bhushan.

Raina was appointed General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Command on 27 October 1973. He served as the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army from 1 June 1975 to 31 May 1978.

During his tenure as the COAS, the central government led by Indira Gandhi declared a state of national emergency in India. Before the imposition of the emergency, it is believed that the Prime Minister asked for the Army's support in the venture, but General Raina bluntly told the Prime Minister that the army would not be used to 'further her ends' but obey only those orders of a 'legally construed government.' . This was considered a crucial moment that kept the Indian Army out of politics at a critical juncture.

Later life

Raina died on 19 May 1980 in Ottawa, while serving as India's High Commissioner to Canada. Following his funeral and cremation with full military honours in Delhi on 25 May, his son-in-law, together with his nephew, Squadron Leader K. K. Zalpuri, immersed his ashes in the Ganges at Haridwar on 27 May.

Personal life

On 25 February 1949, Raina married Marie Antoinette Florence Kurtz, who was French. The couple had a son, Jyotishwar Narain (1949–March 1974) and a daughter, Anita (born 1952). Jyoti Narain, who followed his father into the Army and joined his old regiment, was killed in a motorcycle accident in March 1974. Anita married Arun Thapan.

Awards and decorations

Dates of rank

Insignia	Rank	Component	Date of rank
	Second Lieutenant	British Indian Army	12 April 1942 (emergency)
	Lieutenant	British Indian Army	1943 (war-substantive) 2 June 1947 (substantive)
	Captain	British Indian Army	1944 (acting)
	Lieutenant	Indian Army	15 August 1947
	Captain	Indian Army	12 April 1948
	Captain	Indian Army	26 January 1950 (recommissioning and change in insignia)
	Major	Indian Army	12 April 1955
	Lieutenant-Colonel	Indian Army	12 April 1958
	Colonel	Indian Army	29 August 1964
	Brigadier	Indian Army	1962 (acting) 5 January 1965 (acting) 1 May 1965 (substantive)
	Major General	Indian Army	19 January 1966 (acting) 14 October 1967 (substantive)
	Lieutenant-General	Indian Army	7 October 1971 (acting) 20 May 1972 (substantive)
	General (COAS)	Indian Army	1 June 1975

Notes

1. ^ Upon independence in 1947, India became a Dominion within the British Commonwealth of Nations. As a result, the rank insignia of the British Army, incorporating the Tudor Crown and four-pointed Bath Star ("pip"), was retained, as George VI remained Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces. After 26 January 1950, when India became a republic, the President of India became Commander-in-Chief, and the Ashoka Lion replaced the crown, with a five-pointed star being substituted for the "pip."

References

1. "The Official Home Page of the Indian Army".
2. ^ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 27 February 1965. p. 107.
3. "General Tapishwar Narain Raina - Bharat Rakshak - Indian Army & Land Forces". www.bharat-rakshak.com. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
4. "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
5. Indian Army List for July 1942. Government of India Press. 1942. pp. 600(s2).
6. ^ "General Raina Retires" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India. 30 May 1978. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
7. ^ "Morale of Indian Army continues to be high: General Tapishwar Narain Raina". India Today. 31 January 1978. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
8. Little Known facts about Ludhianvis The Tribune, Dated 25 June 2000
9. ^ Indian Army List for July 1942. Government of India Press. 1942. p. 1580.
10. "The Courage of 13 Kumaon". Indianexpress.com. 20 February 2012.
11. "No. 37558". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 May 1946. p. 2222.
12. Chopra, Air Marshal Anil; Arpi, Claude; Saxena, Lt Gen (Dr) VK; Shashikumar, V. K.; Sachdev, Gp Capt AK; Singh, Danvir; Singh, Lt Gen (Dr) NB (1 July 2021). Indian Defence Review 36.3 (July-Sep 2021). Lancer Publishers. ISBN 978-81-7062-338-0.
13. ^ "Chief of Army Staff". Indian Army Official Website. 19 June 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
14. Obituary to a Hero Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine India Defence
15. ^ "General Tapishwar Narain Raina". Bharat Rakshak. Archived from the original on 19 February 2012.
16. ^ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)". The Gazette of India. 1 July 1972. p. 955.
17. "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)". The Gazette of India. 23 February 1974. p. 235.
18. Militarism in India:The Army and Civil Society in Consensus by Apurba Kundu Archived 30 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
19. ^ "General Raina Passes Away" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India. 27 May 1980. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
20. ^ "General Raina's Ashes Emerged (sic) in Ganges" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India. 27 May 1980. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
21. ^ "New Designs of Crests and Badges in the Services" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India - Archive. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017.
22. "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)". The Gazette of India. 11 February 1950. p. 227.
23. "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 2 July 1955. p. 131.
24. "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 27 August 1960. p. 217.
25. "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 13 November 1965. p. 583.
26. "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 2 April 1966. p. 211.
27. "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 26 March 1966. p. 193.
28. "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 3 February 1968. p. 76.
29. "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 19 August 1972. p. 1226.
30. "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 5 July 1975. p. 867.

External links

• Bio of General Tapishwar Narain Raina on Bharat Rakshak
• Chronological list of Indian Commanders-in-Chief since 1947

v t e Chief of Defence Staff of the Indian Armed Forces
Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (1947–2019)	Sir Rob Lockhart** Sir Thomas Elmhirst** Sir Edward Parry** K. M. Cariappa Sir Charles Pizey** Subroto Mukerjee Kodandera Subayya Thimayya Ram Dass Katari Aspy Engineer Bhaskar Sadashiv Soman Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri Arjan Singh Adhar Kumar Chatterji Sam Manekshaw Gopal Gurunath Bewoor Om Prakash Mehra Sourendra Nath Kohli Tapishwar Narain Raina Hrushikesh Moolgavkar Jal Cursetji Om Prakash Malhotra Idris Hasan Latif Ronald Lynsdale Pereira K. V. Krishna Rao Dilbagh Singh Oscar Stanley Dawson Arun Shridhar Vaidya Radhakrishna Hariram Tahiliani Denis La Fontaine Jayant Ganpat Nadkarni Surinder Mehra Sunith Francis Rodrigues Laxminarayan Ramdas Bipin Chandra Joshi S. K. Kaul Vijai Singh Shekhawat Shankar Roychowdhury Satish Sareen Ved Prakash Malik Sushil Kumar Sundararajan Padmanabhan Madhvendra Singh Srinivasapuram Krishnaswamy Nirmal Chander Vij Arun Prakash Shashindra Pal Tyagi Joginder Jaswant Singh Sureesh Mehta Deepak Kapoor Pradeep Vasant Naik Nirmal Kumar Verma Norman Anil Kumar Browne Bikram Singh Arup Raha Sunil Lanba Birender Singh Dhanoa Bipin Rawat
Chief of Defence Staff and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (2020–2021)	Bipin Rawat
Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (2021–2022)	M. M. Naravane (acting)
Chief of Defence Staff and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee (2022–)	Anil Chauhan
(**Seconded from the British Armed Forces)

v t e Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army
Commander-in-Chief, Indian Army (1947–1948)	Sir Rob Lockhart** Sir Roy Butcher**
Chief of the Army Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Army (1948–1955)	Sir Roy Butcher** Kodandera M. Cariappa Rajendrasinhji Jadeja
Chief of the Army Staff (1955–present)	Rajendrasinhji Jadeja S. M. Shrinagesh Kodandera Subayya Thimayya Pran Nath Thapar Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam Sam Manekshaw Gopal Gurunath Bewoor Tapishwar Narain Raina Om Prakash Malhotra K. V. Krishna Rao Arun Shridhar Vaidya Krishnaswamy Sundarji Vishwa Nath Sharma Sunith Francis Rodrigues Bipin Chandra Joshi Shankar Roychowdhury Ved Prakash Malik Sundararajan Padmanabhan Nirmal Chander Vij Joginder Jaswant Singh Deepak Kapoor Vijay Kumar Singh Bikram Singh Dalbir Singh Bipin Rawat Manoj Mukund Naravane Manoj Pande Upendra Dwivedi (incumbent)
(**Seconded from the British Army)

• 1921 births
• 1980 deaths
• Kashmiri Hindus
• Kashmiri Pandits
• People from Srinagar
• Chiefs of Army Staff (India)
• Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra
• Generals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
• Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service
• High commissioners of India to Canada
• Indian generals
• National Defence College, India alumni
• Indian liaison officers at the School of Infantry, Warminster