Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by SCreditC (talk | contribs) at 22:57, 28 December 2024 (←Created page with 'The '''Anti-Right Deviation Struggle''' ({{zh|s=反右倾斗争|t=反右傾鬥爭|p=}}), also known as the '''Anti-Right Deviation Campaign''' ({{zh|s=反右倾运动|t=反右傾運動|p=}}), was a political campaign launched by Mao Zedong in 1959 after the Lushan Conference, aiming at purging the "right-deviationists" or "right-opportunists" within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=AN Illustrated History of the...'). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The Anti-Right Deviation Struggle (simplified Chinese: 反右倾斗争; traditional Chinese: 反右傾鬥爭), also known as the Anti-Right Deviation Campaign (simplified Chinese: 反右倾运动; traditional Chinese: 反右傾運動), was a political campaign launched by Mao Zedong in 1959 after the Lushan Conference, aiming at purging the "right-deviationists" or "right-opportunists" within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The struggle started with the purge of Marshal Peng Dehuai, then Minister of National Defense, who expressed disagreement over Mao's policies on Great Leap Forward. In total, over 3 million CCP members were purged or penalized during the campaign. In the early 1980s, the anti-Right deviation struggle was categorized as "entirely wrong" by CCP during the Boluan Fanzheng period.

History

In 1957, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under Mao Zedong launched the Anti-Rightist Campaign in mainland China, mainly targeting critics and intellectuals outside the CCP. According to official published data, more than 550,000 people were persecuted during this campaign.

In 1958, Mao launched the Great Leap Forward, but soon met criticisms within the CCP, notably from Peng Dehuai and his supporters. During the Lushan Conference in July 1959, Peng submitted a letter of opinion to Mao, expressing concerns and disagreement over the radical policies of the Great Leap Forward. As a result, Peng and his allies including Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian and Zhou Xiaozhou were labelled as "anti-Party clique" and were purged. Peng was persecuted to death later during the Cultural Revolution.

Immediately after the Lushan Conference, Mao launched the Anti-Right Deviation Struggle at the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth CCP Central Committee in August 1959. More than 3 million CCP members were labelled as "right-deviationists" or "right-opportunists", and were purged or penalized.

Aftermath

The Great Leap Forward contributed to the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961), which caused the deaths of tens of millions of people in mainland China. In the official Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China in 1981, the CCP called the purge of the so-called anti-Party group of Peng Dehuai and others as "entirely wrong" and cut short the process of the rectification of "Left" errors. The 1981 Resolution also states that "It was mainly due to the errors of the Great Leap Forward and of the struggle against 'Right opportunism' together with a succession of natural calamities and the perfidious scrapping of contracts by the Soviet Government that our economy encountered serious difficulties between 1959 and 1961, which caused serious losses to our country and people."

See also

• Anti-Rightist Campaign

References

1. ^ "AN Illustrated History of the Communist Party of China". China Internet Information Center. Archived from the original on 2024-06-16. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
2. ^ "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China". Wilson Center. Archived from the original on 2024-12-25. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
3. "Comment On The Report On Liaoning Province Carrying Out CPC Central Committee's Directive To Oppose Right-Deviation". Marxists Internet Archive. August 12, 1959. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
4. ^ Teiwes, Frederick C. (1986). Longpu, Zheng; Domes, Jurgen (eds.). "Peng Dehuai and Mao Zedong". The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs (16): 81–98. doi:10.2307/2158776. ISSN 0156-7365.
5. ^ Wu, Shihong; Gao, Qi (2017-08-09). "邓小平与共和国重大历史事件（17）". People's Net. Archived from the original on 2024-06-06. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
6. ^ "关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议". The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
7. ^ "Peng Dehuai". People's Daily. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
8. Li, Wei; Yang, Tao (August 2005). "The Great Leap Forward: Anatomy of a Central Planning Disaster". Journal of Political Economy. 113 (4): 840–877. doi:10.1086/430804. ISSN 0022-3808.