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Traian Băsescu (born November 4 1951) is a Romanian politician. He is the current President of Romania, inaugurated on December 20 2004. He won the office in the 2004 presidential election.

Prior to becoming President, he was the Mayor of Bucharest from June 2000 until December 2004.

On April 19, 2007 the Romanian Parliament suspended Băsescu. As the Constitutional Court of Romania acknowledged the Parliament's vote on 20 April 2007, Băsescu will remain suspended as president until a referendum scheduled to take place on May 19, 2007 confirms whether the impeachment should stand. Băsescu is the first president in the history of Romania who has been officially suspended.

See also Romanian presidential impeachment referendum, 2007

According Electoral Commision partial data, 44,19% of voters took part at the referendum, from which 74,35% voted against the impeachment, 24,87% for the impeachment and 0,78% of votes were invalid.

Family background

Băsescu was born in Basarabi, a village (later a small town) near Constanţa, the largest Romanian port on the Black Sea. His father's family originated from Băseşti, a village in Maramureş. Băsescu's father was an army officer named Dumitru (d. 2002); his mother is Elena (b. 1928). He has a brother, Mircea (b. 1953). He and his wife Maria have two daughters, Ioana and Elena. Ioana has a child named Andrei.

Career

Commercial ship captain

Băsescu graduated from the Naval Institute of Constanţa in 1976 and became a Merchant Marine Officer at Navrom, the Romanian state-owned shipping company. Between 1981 and 1987 he worked as Captain on Romanian commercial ships, and in 1984 he was promoted to Captain of the oil tanker Biruinţa, the largest ship of the Romanian fleet. In 1989, he moved to Belgium to head the Navrom Agency in Antwerp.

Political career

Băsescu was a member of the pre-1989 Communist Party (PCR). After the downfall of Communism, he claimed that he joined the PCR in order to promote his career in the merchant marine.

Traian Băsescu entered politics after the 1989 Romanian Revolution, as a member of the large National Salvation Front (FSN) party. In April 1991, he became Minister of Transport in Petre Roman's Cabinet, and continued to held this position during Theodor Stolojan's "Cabinet of technocrats" in September 1991 - November 1992. In 1992, after the FSN split in two factions—the Social Democratic Party of Romania (PDSR, later PSD), led by Ion Iliescu, and the Democratic Party (PD), led by Petre Roman, Băsescu joined the PD faction. In 1992, he was elected to the lower house of the Romanian Parliament — the Chamber of Deputies, and then again elected during the 1996-to-2000 term.

Concurrently with his second term in the Parliament, November 1996 to June 2000, Băsescu served also as Minister of Transport in the center-right governments of Victor Ciorbea, Radu Vasile, and Mugur Isărescu.

In December 1997, he gave an interview to the newspaper Evenimentul Zilei, to Claudiu Săftoiu (who was to be later appointed director of the Romanian Foreign Intelligence Service by Băsescu), in which he accused Victor Ciorbea (prime minister at that time) of not implementing enough reforms, although Ciorbea was accused by the opposition of being excessively reformist. It would be the first episode in an open dispute within the ruling coalition, a dispute that eventually led to Democratic Party ministers, including Băsescu, resigning from the cabinet, which, in turn, led to Ciorbea's resignation. Subsequently (1998), Băsescu resumed his previous ministerial position in the new cabinet presided by Radu Vasile.

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In 2001, he was elected president of the PD, defeating Petre Roman, who previously had led the party for nine years. In 2003, Băsescu negotiated an electoral alliance for the PD with the National Liberal Party (PNL) in order to create a cohesive mainstream center-right political opposition against the then-ruling PSD. The new pact, named the Justice and Truth alliance (Alianţa DA), ran common candidates in local and national elections, and agreed to vote as a bloc in the Parliament. As president of PD, he became co-chairman of the DA alliance alongside the then PNL president Theodor Stolojan. In 2003 Stolojan, who was the Justice and Truth candidate for president in 2004, stepped down as PNL president and DA co-chairman, and was replaced by Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu. Although the reasons for this sudden withdrawal were not completely clear, from Stolojan's declarations and answers the press inferred that he might have been subject to blackmail in regard to a psychological treatment that he underwent 15 years prior. During these events, Traian Băsescu apeared to stand as a firm supporter of Stolojan, and replaced him as Justice and Truth's presidential candidate.

Mayor of Bucharest

In 2000, Băsescu was elected Mayor of Bucharest, winning the run-off against PDSR candidate Sorin Oprescu by a very slim margin (50.69% to 49.31%), despite trailing 24% behind him in the first round. As Mayor, he was credited for the reduction in numbers of stray dogs (albeit sometimes trying to use very drastic measures such as large scale euthanasia) roaming freely among the streets of the city from approximately 200,000–300,000 in 2000 to 25,000 in 2004, and thus in the number of dog bite injuries from 1500/month to under 200/month.

Despite the fact that some Romanian and foreign animal protection activists protested large scale euthanasia, the inhabitants of the city generally welcomed the measure, since the atmosphere in the city became more secure, and cases of child molestation by stray dogs dwindled. This campaign was at any rate controversial, as many animal lovers opposed dog euthanasia., to which at one time Băsescu answered "We will not take any dog's life!" Băsescu was also accused of sometimes just moving the dogs from the center to the periphery. On the other hand, there have also been numerous cases of people asking the authorities to take the stray dogs away, but after this was being done, their neighbors, who were feeding the dogs, showed up at the shelter to take them back to the neighborhoods. In 2004, Băsescu presented the situation as a success. However, in 2006, two years after him leaving the mayor office, the number of stray dogs again exceeded 200,000. On January 29, 2006, a Japanese tourist was killed by a stray dog.

Băsescu also presented as success the improvements to the water and lighting systems, which prior to that were in a very bad state; as well as the modernisation of public transportation in the city. His tenure was however marked by constant conflicts with the governing PSD-controlled institutions. Citing the need for decentralisation, the central government led by Adrian Nastase passed several ordinances transferring powers from the city Mayor to city sectors and to the city council. Băsescu accused council members of corruption and obstruction; he also successfully challenged several council resolutions in Administrative Courts. As a consequence, on 10 January 2002, the central government decided to dissolve the council, yet it annulled that decision later on. These conflicts led to the blocking or delay of several infrastructure loans, financed by BEI, for municipal heating and road networks, and generally for blocking city's ability to borough and finance reconstruction.

In 2004, Băsescu was elected for a second term in office, winning 54.9% of the votes directly in the first round; the runner-up, Mircea Geoană of the PSD, at that time the Foreign Minister of Romania, received 29.7%. Băsescu resigned as Mayor later that year, after winning the presidency of Romania.

President of Romania

Băsescu won Presidential election with an anti-communist rhetoric. In the live TV debate with Adrian Năstase before the 2004 run-off presidential election, Băsescu caught his opponent off-guard with a rhetorical remark:

You know what Romania's greatest curse is right now? It's that Romanians have to choose between two former Communist Party members.

Following Theodor Stolojan's surprise withdrawal from the 2004 presidential elections, Băsescu entered the presidential race on behalf of the Justice and Truth Alliance (Alianţa DA). His main opponent was then Prime Minister and PSD president Adrian Năstase. Like Băsescu, Năstase was a former Communist Party member. Although Năstase was ahead in the first round by 7%, Băsescu achieved a surprise comeback and won the December 12 run-off election by a 2.46% margin, receiving 51.23% of the vote.

Running on a strong reform and anti-corruption platform, Băsescu's victory was characterized in the media as Romania's "Orange Revolution", in reference to the reformists' perceived victory in neighboring Ukraine during the same period. It was also a reference to the orange color used by the winning Justice and Truth Alliance. In line with an agreement between the PD and PNL, he appointed PNL leader Popescu-Tăriceanu as Prime Minister. In order to form a majority, PNL and PD formed a coalition with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania and the Humanist Party, which later changed its name to the Conservative Party (PC). While the platform of the former has been generally in tone with that of the Justice and Truth Alliance, the latter (PC) was needed in the coalition in order to obtain more than 50% of the seats in the Parliament, due to the fact that apart from the opposition Social-Democrat Party, many seats were held also by the ultra-nationalist Greater Romania Party.

In late 2006, the PC withdrew from the cabinet, a move at least partially related to conflicts between Băsescu and PC leader Dan Voiculescu. The withdrawal of the PC left the coalition without a majority in the Parliament.

Conflict with the Prime Minister

Băsescu has remained very popular, due to his open style and hands-on approach. In his electoral campaign, Băsescu promised to be a "player-president" (in Romanian, preşedinte jucător), in contrast to a more withdrawn president who would be just a mediator among political forces. After he became president, as legally required, he resigned from the Democratic Party. However, he remained very involved in day-to-day politics, often being accused by other political leaders of overstepping constitutional boundaries on the role of the President. During the course of his presidency, his relations with Popescu-Tăriceanu constantly soured, particularly following the Prime Minister's change of mind in July 2005 after announcing he would resign and prompt early parliamentary elections, which due to increased popularity rate could have allowed the Justice and Truth Alliance to govern alone. The ensuing poor relations between the President and the Prime Minister have become one of the primary themes of Băsescu's presidency and of Romanian post-2004 politics, with many unrelated disputes converging to the this dichotomy, somewhat similar to the Iraq War debate in USA. Under the Romanian Constitution, the president appoints the prime minister, but does not have the authority to dismiss him.

Foreign policy

Băsescu repeatedly stated that Romania's accession to the European Union remained a top priority, and he was president when the country acceded on January 1, 2007. Both the president, and the government of Prime Minister Popescu-Tăriceanu focused on Romania's planned accession to the EU, which remained a central component in Romania's foreign policy.

In addition, Băsescu has focused on a strong strategic partnership with the United States, a relationship which during the 2004 presidential campaign he called "Bucharest-London-Washington axis". In real terms, this meant a continued Romanian commitment to maintain Romanian troops in Afghanistan and a smaller contingent Iraq; and an agreement signed in December 2005 between Romania and the U.S. to allow U.S. troops to use a Romanian military facility (Mihail Kogălniceanu military airport). Băsescu made strong ties with the President of the United States, who called him in return a friend: "The President and I are friends. Romania and the United States are friends, and we're allies".

In June 2006, Băsescu came into open conflict with Popescu-Tăriceanu after the Prime Minister and the Defence Minister announced that they and the PNL sought to withdraw Romania's troops from Iraq. However, the troops stayed in Iraq, after Băsescu called a meeting of the Supreme Defense Council, which voted that the troops should stay.

Băsescu has been vocal in calling for a regional approach to security in the Black Sea basin, which he noted remained susceptible to transborder security threats such as drugs- and human trafficking. Băsescu alleged "that Russia might have been involved in his suspension", citing his pro-Western foreign policy as a reason.

Băsescu has also been concerned to improve Romania's relations with Moldova, with which Romania shares a common language and culture. Furthermore, he has expressed several times his belief in the future unification of the two countries, either politically or in the framework of the European Union. His player attitude has brought both practical success, as well as an increase in anti-Romanian rhetoric from the Communist government of Moldova, led by Vladimir Voronin. A divisive issue remain the opening of two consulates of Romania outside the capital of Moldova, as well as 800,000 Moldovans applying for Romanian citizenship. In both cases, Băsescu has strongly supported moves at strengthening the relations with Moldova, while Moldovan leadership sought to cool down Băsescu's energy.

Domestic policy

In domestic politics, Băsescu concentrated on the fight against high-level corruption. In spring 2005, Romania successfully resolved a hostage crisis in Iraq involving three Romanian journalists and their guide. In 2005, he also focused on pressing the government to provide relief to thousands of Romanians left homeless by widespread flooding throughout the spring and summer.

On 18 December 2006, President Traian Băsescu delivered a speech to the Parliament in which he condemned Romania's pre-1989 communist regimes. Members of the opposition Social Democratic Party and Greater Romania Party, tried to disturb the speech. Particularly vocal was the ultra-nationalist PRM leader Corneliu Vadim Tudor, a former writer of political propaganda and of denigrations of dissidents during the pre-1989 Ceauşescu regime.

Impeachment vote by the Parliament

In early 2007, Băsescu was proposed for impeachment by the members of the opposition parties for alleged unconstitutional conduct. On of the major issue on confrontation was the activity of the Justice Minister Monica Macovei who forced the prosecutors to follow up on cases of corruption, especially those involving politically connected individuals. Among the main reasons given in the proposal to suspend Băsescu were:

Băsescu and his supporters denied the accusations, stating that his actions and statements were ways of fighting against corruption in the political and judicial systems and against "circles of business interests" with unlawful purposes. The Constitutional Court of Romania found no clear evidence of his breach of the Constitution in the sense required by the fundamental law. However, the Court ruling was only consultative and the two chambers of the Romanian Parliament had the last word on the matter voting in favor of Băsescu's impeachment on April 19, 2007, with 322 votes for the impeachment proposal, 108 against and 8 abstentions (the minimum number of votes needed was 233). Băsescu contested the decision but the Constitutional Court rejected his appeal as inadmissible and upheld the vote. In mean time, Justice Minister Monica Macovei and several other reformist ministers have been dismissed by the Prime-Minister Popescu-Tăriceanu, while the European Elections have been postponed at least till the fall of 2007. Some in the media have characterized the anti-Băsescu aliance as "the black coalition".

Impeachment referendum

Template:Future election candidate

As a result of the impeachment vote by the Parliament, Băsescu has been suspended from function as president, and a national referendum will be organised on May 19, 2007 to dismiss the President by popular vote. According to the electoral law, an absolute majority of all Romanians with the right to vote is required for a positive result in a dismissal referendum, which means that almost 9 million people will have to vote against Băsescu, otherwise he will regain full prerogatives. After the impeachment vote, several public rallies to support Băsescu in the referendum and protest against his suspension have been organized by PD and PLD both in Romania (Bucharest, Iaşi, etc), as well as abroad (e.g. in Madrid).

On April 17, Băsescu stated that if Parliament voted for his impeachment, he would resign "five minutes" after the vote, avoiding a referendum for dismissal and triggering early presidential elections. However, on April 20 he decided not to resign, claiming he wishes to limit the period of political instability.

Băsescu and his supporters in the Democratic Party also suggested that his political opponents would try to modify the electoral law in order to obstruct a previously suspended president to run in the elections again, following a Rolandas Paksas scenario. While no proof for these allegations was presented, the parties that participated in the vote for impeachment made statements dismissing the scenario.

On April 25, the Constitutional Court approved the modifications brought by parliament to the Referendum Law. The new article 10 (regarding the presidential impeachment process) considers that the impeachment process "will be approved through the majority of votes for the participants at the referendum, and art.5(2) does not apply to this type of referendums". Since article 5(2) is the one that follows the validity of a referendum, the 19 May referendum remains valid.

Controversy

Success for Pandrea

President Traian Basescu presided the first half of the conference of CSM (Superior Council of Magistracy) at which the President of CSM was to be elected. Before the candidacies were announced, Basescu said to Anton Pandrea:

"I heard you have announced your candidacy, Mr. Pandrea. I wish you success"

Template:Ro icon"Am auzit ca v-ati depus candidatura, domnule Pandrea. Va urez mult succes"

His former counsellor Renate Weber said that according to her information, if President Basescu hadn’t said that, it would have been another candidacy, if not another President.

Basescu responded to critics “I did wrong, I did wrong”

Refused to accept the nomination of Cioroianu

After the former Foreign Minister Mihai-Răzvan Ungureanu was forced to resign, President Băsescu refuzed to accept the nomination of Adrian Cioroianu as Minister of Foreign Affairs, claiming the latter does not have enough experience. On April 5, 2007, the Constitutional Court decided that "Romanian President's refusal to name a member of Government at the proposal of Prime Minister started a juridic conflict of constitutional nature. Romanian President doesn't have veto right, but he can ask the Prime Minister to renounce to his proposal, if he observes that the proposed person does not corespond to the legal conditions required to be a member of Government". The same day, Cioroianu assumed the Ministery of Foreign Affairs, 2 months after Ungureanu anounced his resignation and 17 days after Ungureanu's resignation was accepted by Basescu.

Intimidating papers

During Presidential campaign, before a TV interview with PSD’s candidate Adrian Nastase, he gave him a paper and told him: “Put it in your pocket and read it alone!”

At the ceremony of oath, President Basescu gave a paper as gift to Radu Stroe, the new secretary general of Government. Radu Stroe went pale and refused to make it public, although Basascu said it was not classified

References

1. ^ "Romania's MPs suspend president" "BBC News, April 19, 2007
2. "Romanian Constitutional Court confirms suspension of president from post", Xinhua, April 20, 2007
3. Electoral Comission data for 2007 impeachment referendum
4. Cotidianul:FSN preia Serviciile Secrete
5. source : The Administration for Animal Control (ASA) of the Mayor's Office of Bucharest, 2003
6. Formula-As,Scrisori adresate primarului general al Capitalei ("Letters Addressed to the General Mayor of Bucharest")
7. Formula-As, Traian Băsescu: De la nivelul Primăriei nu se va da niciodata dispoziţie să se omoare cainii ("The City Hall Will Never Have the Stray Dogs Killed")
8. Formula-As,Traian Băsescu: De la nivelul Primăriei nu se va da niciodata dispoziţie să se omoare cainii ("The City Hall Will Never Have the Stray Dogs Killed")
9. Observator, , January 20, 2004
10. România Politică,
11. Gardianul, Un japonez a murit în capitală muşcat de un câine vagabond ("A Japanese Died in Bucharest after Being Bitten by a Stray Dog"), January 30, 2006
12. Bucharest's Mayor's Office - Improvement of water and light
13. http://www.vivid.ro/vivid69/pages69/election_back69.htm
14. http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2005/07/20/feature-01
15. http://english.hotnews.ro/Romanian-President-in-open-conflict-with-prime-minister-articol_44137.htm
16. http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?F=&C=mideast
17. Clej, Petru. "Romanian politics mired in abuse". BBC News. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
18. http://www.hotnews.ro/arhiva_avt/3542.pdf
19. http://www.hotnews.ro/arhiva_avt/3796.pdf
20. "Romanian Parliament Suspends President", Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, April 19, 2007.
21. (Hotnews.ro article)
22. http://www.hotnews.ro/articol_70595-Referendumul-pentru-demiterea-lui-Basescu-poate-avea-loc-pe-19-mai.htm
23. http://www.realitatea.net/index.php?domeniu=1&stire=56615
24. http://www.presidency.ro/?_RID=det&tb=date&id=8704&_PRID=
25. http://english.hotnews.ro/Suspended-President-Traian-Basescu-says-he%27s-not-resigning-as-president-calls-people-to-referendum-articol_44781.htm
26. http://english.hotnews.ro/Opposition-plans-to-change-electoral-law-to-prevent-Traian-Basescu-from-running-again-for-Presidency-articol_44775.htm
27. Evenimentul Zilei:
    Romania Libera:
    Gandul:
28. "Romania's PM decides to be interim FM", Xinhua (People's Daily Online), March 22, 2007.
    Antena 3: Comunicat de presa al Curtii constitutionale
29. Realitatea TV: 100% cu Robert Turcescu invitat Adrian Nastase
30. Template:Ro iconCotidianul:

• Cronica Română, 22 June 2006 "Constantinescu îl acuză pe Băsescu de colaborare cu Securitatea" ("Constantinescu accuses Băsescu of collaborating with the Securitate")
• Evenimentul, 14 December 2005. "Emil Constantinescu a adus documente despre care spune că atestă colaborarea preşedintelui Traian Băsescu cu Securitatea" ("Emil Constantinescu brought documents of which he says that prove the collaboration of President Traian Băsescu with the Securitate")
• Oana Stancu, Strada Mihăileanu - Băsescu vede legal ce e ilegal ("Mihǎileanu Street - Băsescu sees as legal what is illegal"), Jurnalul Naţional, 25 November 2005
• Andrei Tudor, Dosarul «Casa din Mihǎileanu»: Băsescu a bǎtut şaua Morar şi a priceput iapa Botoş ("'House on Mihǎileanu' file: Băsescu has beaten the Morar saddle so that the Botoş mare may understand" (reference to a traditional Romanian saying), Gardianul, 15 December 2005
• Ramona Lică, NUP pentru Băsescu în dosarul „Casa din Mihăileanu“ ("NUP (Neînceperea Urmǎririi Penale - Decision of non-indictment) for Băsescu in 'House on Mihǎileanu' file", Gândul, 11 January, 2006
• Maria Manoliu, Băsescu nu mai dǎ inapoi casa de pe Mihǎileanu ("Băsescu no longer giving back the house on Mihǎileanu", Adevărul, 18 February 2005, accessed on HotNews.ro. 24 March 2006.
• Narcis Iordache Dosarul Flota reinviat pentru a fi ingropat ("The Fleet File resurrects in order to be buried again"), Evenimentul Zilei, 6 december 2005.

External links

• Template:Ro icon Basescu.ro: Official candidacy site
• Official web site of the President of Romania
• Traian Băsescu's short biography on the Romanian Presidency web site
• Template:Ro icon Traian Băsescu's Curriculum Vitae
• BBC Profile: Traian Băsescu
• Analyzing EU Article

• Template:Ro icon Reporter de ocazie: Photos, videos and articles about Traian Basescu suspend

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