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Toleration

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Religious toleration is the condition of accepting or permitting others' religious beliefs and practices which disagree with one's own.

In a country with a state religion, toleration means that the government permits religious practices of other sects besides the state religion, and does not persecute believers in other faiths. Historically, toleration has been a contentious issue within many religions as well as between one religion and another. At issue is not merely whether other faiths should be permitted, but also whether a ruler who is a believer may practice or permit tolerance. In the Middle Ages, toleration of Judaism was a contentious issue throughout Christendom. Today, there are concerns about toleration of Christianity in Islamic states (see also dhimmi).

For individuals, religious toleration generally means an attitude of acceptance towards other people's religions. It does not mean that one views other religions as equally true; merely that others have the right to hold and practice their beliefs. Proselytism can be a contentious issue; it can be regarded as an offense against the validity of others' religions, or as an expression of one's own faith.

Timeline

Criticism

Main article: Religious intolerance

Contemporary authors such as Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens and Daniel C. Dennett have all written about the potential social hazards of allowing religious beliefs to go unchallenged. In The End of Faith, Sam Harris notes that we are unwilling, as a society, to tolerate unjustified beliefs in, for example, architecture. He asserts that we should be similarly unwilling to tolerate unjustified beliefs about morality, spirituality, politics, and the origin of humanity. In his preface to The God Delusion, Richard Dawkins says, "If this book works as I intend, religious readers who open it will be atheists when they put it down."

See also

Further reading

  • Barzilai, Gad (2007). Law and Religion. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-2494-3.
  • Beneke, Chris (2006-09-20). Beyond Toleration: The Religious Origins of American Pluralism. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0-19-530555-8.
  • Coffey, John (2000). Persecution and Toleration in Protestant England, 1558-1689. Longman Publishing Group. ISBN 0-582-30465-2.
  • Curry, Thomas J. (1989-12-19). Church and State in America to the Passage of the First Amendment. Oxford University Press; Reprint edition (December 19, 1989). ISBN 0-19-505181-5.
  • Grell, Ole Peter, and Roy Porter, ed. (2000). Toleration in Enlightenment Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521651967.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  • Hamilton, Marci A. (2005-06-17). God vs. the Gavel : Religion and the Rule of Law. Edward R. Becker (Foreword. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85304-4.
  • Hanson, Charles P. (1998). Necessary Virtue: The Pragmatic Origins of Religious Liberty in New England. University Press of Virginia. ISBN 0813917948.
  • Laursen, John Christian and Nederman, Cary, ed. (1997). Beyond the Persecuting Society: Religious Toleration Before the Enlightenment. University of Pennsylvania Press (December 1997). ISBN 0-8122-3331-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  • Murphy, Andrew R. (2001). Conscience and Community: Revisiting Toleration and Religious Dissent in Early Modern England and America. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-02105-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Zagorin, Perez (2003). How the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12142-7.

References

  1. British Museum, The Cyrus Cylinder, retrieved 01 June 2007
  2. "Valerius Maximianus Galerius", Karl Hoeber, Catholic Encyclopedia 1909 Ed, retrieved 01 June 2007.
  3. "Constantine I", Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Ed. retrieved 01 June 2007.
  4. "Johann Brenz" Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Ed. retrieved 01 June 2007.
  5. "Toleration--Exercitium Religionis Privatum", Walter Grossman, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 1979), pp. 129-134, retrieved 01 June 2007.
  6. "The Confederation of Warsaw of 28th of January 1573, UNESCO, retrieved 01 June 2007.
  7. "Edict of Nantes", Encyclopedia Britannica 15th Edition, retrieved 01 June 2007.
  8. "Rudolph II", Encyclopedia Britannica 15 Edition, retrieved 01 June 2007.
  9. "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights", United Nations 1948, retrieved 01 June 2007.
  10. "Dignitatis Humanae", Decree on Religious Freedom, 1965, retrieved 01 June 2007.
  11. "ADDRESS OF JOHN PAUL II TO THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCHES AND ECCLESIAL COMMUNITIES AND OF THE WORLD RELIGIONS" 1986, retrieved 01 June 2007.
  12. "Russia", Encyclopedia Britannica 15th edition, retrieved 01 June 2007.
  13. Dawkins, Richard. Preface The God Delusion.

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