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Venetian Albania

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Venetian Albania (Italian: Albania Veneta) was the name for the possessions of the Republic of Venice in the western Balkans from 1420 to 1797.

Name

The word "veneta" in Albania veneta was used to differentiate the area from the moslem Albania (called Albania ottomana in those centuries), an area stretching from Kosovo to southern Albania.

Geography

These Venetian possessions stretched from the southern borders of the Republic of Ragusa (modern-day Dubrovnik) to Durazzo (Durres) in coastal Albania. The Venetian territories never reached more than 20 km from the Adriatic Sea. After 1573 the southern limit was moved to the village of Confin (Kufin) near Budua (Budva), because of the Ottoman conquests of Antivari (Bar) and Dulcigno (Ulcinj) in the Balkans.

The Dominions of Venice were centered around the Bay of Kotor and included the small cities of Cattaro (Kotor), Risano (Risan), Perasto (Perast), Teodo (Tivat), Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi), Budua (Budva) and Spizza (Sutomore).

The Republic of Venice in 1560 and the Albania veneta around Cattaro (Kotor)

History

Venice started to take control of the small southern Dalmatian villages around the 10th century, assimilating quickly the Dalmatian language into the Venetian language. But only in the 14th century the Republic of Venice was able to create a territorial continuity around the Bay of Kotor. These Venetian dominions around Kotor lasted from 1420 to 1797 and were called Albania veneta, a historical province of the Republic of Venice.

When the Turks started to conquer the Balkans in 15th century, many Christian Slavs took refuge inside Venetian Dalmatia and so even the Albania veneta started to have a huge Serb and Albanian population. By the end of 17th century the Romance speaking population of the historical Albania veneta was already a minority, according to Oscar Randi in his book ''Dalmazia etnica, incontri e fusioni.

After the Napoleonic armies conquered and put an end to the Republic of Venice in 1797, the area of the Albania veneta changed control many times: in 1805 was annexed to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, then in 1809 was part of French Illyrian Provinces and finally in 1815 was put under Habsburg control in the Dalmatia of Austro-Hungary.

Under the Habsburg domination, Albania veneta was part of "Austrian Dalmatia" and in 1878 (at the Congress of Berlin) were added to this territory another 40 km² around Sutomore were added to this territory.

Population

Albanians lived in the south of the Albania veneta around Ulcinj (Venetian Dulcigno) and Dyrrachion. The area around Kotor (Venetian Cattaro) was populated by Slavs and Latins.

Gallery

  • Catholic Cathedral of Saint Tryphon in Cattaro (Kotor) Catholic Cathedral of Saint Tryphon in Cattaro (Kotor)
  • Church in Perasto (Perast) with typical venetian bellfry Church in Perasto (Perast) with typical venetian bellfry
  • Postcard showing the venetian architecture of Perasto in 1900 Postcard showing the venetian architecture of Perasto in 1900
  • Old Cattaro (Kotor) Old Cattaro (Kotor)
  • Venetian walls of Cattaro (Kotor) Venetian walls of Cattaro (Kotor)
  • Old Perasto (Perast) Old Perasto (Perast)
  • Roman mosaic in Risano (Risan) Roman mosaic in Risano (Risan)
  • Old venetian church of Cattaro (Kotor) Old venetian church of Cattaro (Kotor)

Bibliography

  • Bartl, Peter. Le picciole Indie dei Veneziani. Zur Stellung Albaniens in den Handelsbeziehungen zwischen der Balkan- und der Appenninenhalbinsel. In: Münchner Zeitschrift für Balkankunde 4 (1981-1982) 1-10.
  • Bartl, Peter. Der venezianische Türkenkrieg im Jahre 1690 nach den Briefen des päpstlichen Offiziers Guido Bonaventura. In: Südost-Forschungen 26 (1967) 88-101.
  • Bartoli, Matteo. Le parlate italiane della Venezia Giulia e della Dalmazia. Tipografia italo-orientale. Grottaferrata 1919.
  • Cecchetti, Bartolomeo. Intorno agli stabilimenti politici della repubblica veneta nell'Albania. In: Atti del Regio Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti. Bd. 3, Seria 4, S. 978-998. 1874.
  • De Brodmann, Giuseppe. Memorie politico-economiche della citta e territorio di Trieste, della penisola d’Istria, della Dalmazia fu Veneta, di Ragusi e dell’Albania, ora congiunti all’Austriaco Impero. Venezia 1821.
  • De Castro, Diego. Dalmazia, popolazione e composizione etnica. Cenno storico sul rapporto etnico tra Italiani e Slavi nella Dalmazia. ISPI 1978.
  • Durant, Will. The Renaissance. MJK Books. New York, 1981.
  • Gelcich, Giuseppe. Memorie storiche sulle bocche di Cattaro. Zara 1880.
  • Martin, John Jeffries. Venice Reconsidered. The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State, 1297–1797. Johns Hopkins UP. New York, 2002.
  • Norwich, John Julius. A History of Venice. Vintage Books. New York, 1989.
  • Paulucci, Luigi. Le Bocche di Cattaro nel 1810 Edizioni Italo Svevo.Trieste, 2005.
  • Randi, Oscar. Dalmazia etnica, incontri e fusioni. Tipografie venete. Venezia 1990.
  • Scaglioni Marzio. La presenza italiana in Dalmazia 1866-1943 Histria ed. Trieste,2000.
  • Schmitt, Oliver. Das venezianische Albanien (1392 - 1479). (=Südosteuropäische Arbeiten. 110). München 2001.
  • Tagliavini, Carlo. Le origini delle lingue neolatine. Patron Ed. Bologna 1982.

References

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