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Revision as of 05:47, 25 June 2007 by Nikola Smolenski (talk | contribs) (Return, with references)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)| Martti Ahtisaari | |
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| 10th President of Finland | |
| In office March 1, 1994 – March 1, 2000 | |
| Preceded by | Mauno Koivisto |
| Succeeded by | Tarja Halonen |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1937-06-23) June 23, 1937 (age 87) Viipuri, Finland |
| Political party | Social Democratic Party of Finland |
| Spouse | Eeva Irmeli Ahtisaari |
Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari (IPA: ) (born June 23, 1937) is a former President of Finland (1994–2000) and a UN diplomat and mediator, noted for his international peace work. Currently he is the UN representative and mediator during the Vienna peace talks that will determine the final status of Serbia's southern province, Kosovo (which has been under UN administration since 1999). In his proposal to the UN Security Council he has recommended supervised independence for Kosovo.
Youth and early career
Martti Ahtisaari was born in Viipuri (now Vyborg, Russia) while his father, Oiva, was a non-commissioned officer in the service corps. Oiva Ahtisaari, whose grandfather had emigrated to Finland from southern Norway, took Finnish citizenship in 1929, changing his surname from Adolfsen in 1935. The Continuation War took Martti's father to the front as a military mechanic, while his mother, Tyyne, moved to Kuopio with her son to escape immediate danger from the war. Kuopio was where Ahtisaari spent most of his childhood and first attended school.
In 1952, Oiva moved to Oulu with his family for employment reasons. In Oulu, Martti joined the local YMCA. After he had done his military service, he began to study through a distance-learning course at the teachers' college in Oulu. There he was able to live at home while attending the two-year course which enabled him to qualify as a primary-school teacher in 1959.
In 1960, he moved to Karachi, Pakistan, to lead the YMCA's physical education training establishment, where he was accustomed to a more international environment. As well as the managing of the students' home, the job involved training teachers, which in itself suited him well. He returned to Finland in 1963 and went to Helsinki Polytechnic but also was active in the organizations responsible for aid to developing countries. In 1965, he joined the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland in its Bureau for International Development Aid, eventually becoming the assistant head of the department. In 1968, he married Eeva Irmeli Hyvärinen (1936- ).
Diplomatic career
In 1973, President Urho Kekkonen appointed Ahtisaari as Finland's ambassador to Tanzania, and accredited him also to Zambia, Somalia and Mozambique. During his term (1973-1977) he formed contacts with the Namibian independence group SWAPO in Dar Es Salaam. In 1977, he was appointed United Nations Commissioner for Namibia, based in New York, and served until 1981. However, apartheid South Africa, which occupied South-West Africa (Namibia) in defiance of the Security Council, refused to recognise Ahtisaari or any of his four predecessors as UN Commissioner for Namibia. He stayed at the UN, as Under Secretary-General for Administration and Management – first with Kurt Waldheim, and then with Javier Pérez de Cuéllar.
Following the death of the seventh UN Commissioner for Namibia, Bernt Carlsson, on Pan Am Flight 103 on December 21, 1988 – on the eve of the signing of the Namibian independence agreement at UN headquarters – Ahtisaari was sent to Namibia in April 1989 as the UN Special Representative to head the UN Transition Assistance Group's (UNTAG) observer mission. Because of an alleged incursion of SWAPO troops from Angola, South African appointee Administrator-General, Louis Pienaar, sought Ahtisaari's agreement to the deployment of SADF troops to stabilize the situation. Ahtisaari took advice from British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher, who was visiting the region at the time, and approved the SADF deployment. A period of intense fighting ensued when at least 375 SWAPO insurgents were killed.
Perhaps because of his reluctance to authorise this SADF deployment, Ahtisaari was alleged to have been targeted by the South African Civil Cooperation Bureau (CCB). According to a hearing in September 2000 of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, two CCB operatives (Kobus le Roux and Ferdinand Barnard) were tasked not to kill Ahtisaari, but to give him "a good hiding". To carry out the assault, Barnard had planned to use the grip handle of a metal saw as a knuckleduster. In the event, Ahtisaari did not attend the meeting at the Keetmanshoop Hotel, where Le Roux and Barnard lay in wait for him, and thus escaped injury.
After the independence elections of 1989, Ahtisaari was appointed an honorary Namibian citizen.
Presidency
Ahtisaari's presidential campaign began when he was still a member of the council dealing with Bosnia. Recession in Finland had caused established political figures to lose public support, and the presidential elections were now direct, instead of being conducted through an electoral college. In 1993, Ahtisaari accepted the candidacy of the Social Democratic Party. His politically untarnished image was a major factor in the election, as was his vision of Finland as an active participant in international affairs. Ahtisaari narrowly won over his second round opponent, Elisabeth Rehn of the Swedish People's Party.
Ahtisaari began his term with a schism with the Centre Party-led government, because Prime Minister Esko Aho did not approve of his wish to actively participate in foreign political affairs. There was also some controversy over Ahtisaari's speaking out on issues such as unemployment. His mannerism, wobbly walking and overweight were often ridiculed in the media. He traveled extensively over the country and abroad, and got the nickname "Matka-Mara" ("Travel-Mara"). His monthly travels to various towns in Finland and meetings with ordinary citizens (as called maakuntamatkat) still made him very popular among people.
President Ahtisaari also supported Finland's entry into the European Union, and in a referendum in 1994, 56% of the Finnish voters were in favour of EU membership. During Ahtisaari's term as President, Boris Yeltsin and Bill Clinton met in Helsinki. He also negotiated alongside Viktor Chernomyrdin with Slobodan Milošević to end the fighting in the Yugoslav province of Kosovo in 1999.
Often encountering resistance from Parliament, which preferred a more cautious foreign policy, as well as from his party, Ahtisaari did not seek re-election in 2000 and was followed by Tarja Halonen, the first female President of Finland.
Post-presidential career
Since leaving office, Ahtisaari has accepted positions in various international organizations.
In 2000, the British government appointed him to the team overseeing the inspections of IRA weapons decommissioning in Northern Ireland. Ahtisaari also founded Crisis Management Initiative (CMI), an independent, non-governmental organization with a goal in developing and sustaining peace in troubled areas.
On 1 December 2000, Ahtisaari was awarded the J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding by the Fulbright Association in recognition of his work as peacemaker in some of the world’s most troubled areas.
In 2005, Ahtisaari successfully led peace negotiations between the Free Aceh Movement and the Indonesian government through his non-governmental organization CMI. The negotiations ended on 15 August 2005 with a treaty on withdrawal of the armed Indonesian forces and dropped GAM demands for an independent Aceh.
In November 2005, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan appointed Ahtisaari as Special Envoy for the Kosovo future status process. In this capacity, Ahtisaari was charged with leading a political process to determine Kosovo's political status, i.e., whether it should become independent or remain a part of Serbia (Kosovo has been administered by the United Nations since the 1999 Kosovo War). In early 2006, Ahtisaari opened the UN Office of the Special Envoy for Kosovo (UNOSEK) in Vienna, Austria, from which he would conduct the Kosovo status negotiations.
In August 2006, Serbian government officials alleged that Ahtisaari had made remarks during talks in Vienna in early August about the "collective guilt" of the Serb nation for the alleged crimes of the Serbia of the Milošević era. Members of the Serbian negotiating team claimed Ahtisaari had made remarks such as The Serbs are guilty as a people and Serbia is sabre-rattling, also claiming these remarks were the spark for public disorders in the province of Kosovo. Both the UN and Ahtisaari have disputed the claims as being misinterpreted or taken out of context. The Serbian criticism has had little echo internationally, as a joint statement by the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia was issued in New York on 20 September 2006 expressing deep appreciation for Ahtisaari's efforts as UN Special Envoy. .
False allegations
During Ahtisaari's work as a mediator in Kosovo, many rumors and accusations have been spread about him due to the unpopularity of the process to determine the future of Kosovo. Although the following claims have received a wide media publicity they are false.
Father's origins
One of the persistent false rumours is that Ahtisaari's father would have been an SS-officer in the Finnish Volunteer Battalion of the Waffen-SS. Carl Savich a self-proclaimed Serbian historian who usually writes on a pro-Serb bias is the first who mentioned this in his blog, without providing any sources whatsoever. The story was then picked up by the Serbian media, and widely publicized papers such as controversial tabloid Kurir ran it on their first page.
The credibility of the claim is clearly weakened by the fact that the Finnish Volunteer Battalion of the Waffen-SS only accepted young men of the age 17-23, while Martti Ahtisaari's father at the time of enlistment was 33 years old. It is further weakened by the fact that records of Finnish SS volunteers do not contain either the name Ahtisaari or Adolfsen (as Ahtisaari's father was called before 1935). One of those records is Historian Mauno Jokipii's book "Panttipataljoona". In fact records from the Finnish defence forces shows Oiva Ahtisaari was at that point in time servicing the Finnish defense forces as a mechanic.
Threats against civilian population
It has also been falsely claimed that during talks with Slobodan Milosevic in 1999 Ahtisaari made a gesture and comment indicating that unless Milosevic was to comply, NATO and Russian federation would bomb Belgrade so intensively that 500,000 civilians would die. As Ahtisaari would not have had any such authority from either the UN or NATO this is a claim that most international journalists discounted as a story spread out by the governing regime in order to explain having to come to terms with NATO demands.
Current allegations
Martti Ahtisaari Bribed
As of the 23rd June 2007, several news sources have been mentioning that the German Foreign intelligence service , the BND had issued a statement to the UN Secretary general of the UN, Ban Ki-moon, saying they had evidence to suggest that Martti Ahtisaari had been paid euro 40,000,000 by the Kosovo Albanian leaders in return for him recommending kosovos independence. As it stands, Serbia and Russia are awaiting further evidence before they issue any official statements.
Trivia
- Ahtisaari's initials spell MOKA, which is a Finnish slang word meaning "screw-up". This was jocularly used by people opposed to his election as president.
- Martti Ahtisaari holds the rank of ¨captain in the Finnish Army Reserve
- Martti's son Marko Ahtisaari is a noted musician and technology producer in Finland.
- Besides his native language he speaks Swedish, French, English, and German.
| Preceded byMauno Koivisto | President of Finland 1994–2000 |
Succeeded byTarja Halonen |
| Presidents of Finland | ||
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References
- ^ President Ahtisaari's ancestors a study by Suomen Sukututkimusliitto (the Finnish genealogy society).
- Shaky start on the road to independence
- Targeted by the Civil Cooperation Bureau
- The New York Times - Serbs Criticize U.N. Mediator, Further Bogging Down Kosovo Talks
- Template:Fi icon Helsingin Sanomat - Ahtisaari receives full backing by the western countries
- Helsingin Sanomat - Serbian media defaming Ahtisaari
- Serbian criticism of Ahtisaari
- Fokus: Albanska mafija kupila Ahtisarija
- B92: Dulić: Utvrditi istinu o Ahtisariju
External links
- Ahtisaari and CMI homepage at http://www.ahtisaari.fi
- Martti Ahtisaari's Project Syndicate op/eds