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Shishaq (Šîšaq שׁישׁק) is the biblical Hebrew form of the ancient Egyptian name of a pharaoh. In English translations of the Bible, it is typically written Shishak.
Identification of Shishaq
Followers of the so-called New Chronology associated with David Rohl and Peter James hold that "Shishak" is a reference to Ramesses II or Ramesses III, though this identification is rejected by other Egyptologists such as Kenneth Kitchen, on chronological, historical, and linguistic grounds, who prefer to identify Shishaq with Shoshenq I.
Shishaq's Reign
He is best known for his campaign through Palestine, as recorded in the Bible (1 Kings 11:40; 14:25; 2 Chronicles 12:2-9). Shishaq had provided refuge to Jeroboam during the later years of Solomon's reign, and upon Solomon's death, Jeroboam became king of the breakaway tribes in the north, which became the kingdom of Israel. In the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign (commonly dated between 926 and 917 BC), Shishaq swept through the kingdom of Judah with a powerful army, in support of his ally. Shishaq captured a number of cities of that kingdom, including Jerusalem, where he pillaged the temple and the royal palace, and carried away the shields of gold which Solomon had made. Although Judah was humbled, hostilities still continued between the two kingdoms; yet this was the only recorded intervention of a third party into the affairs of these two kingdoms during Rehoboam's reign.
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