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Revision as of 23:57, 5 September 2007 by Egyegy~enwiki (talk | contribs) (Undid revision 155942305 by Tiamut (talk) recently added pov)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)Arab diaspora refers to the numbers of Arab immigrants, and their descendants, who voluntarily or as refugees emigrated from their native countries and now reside in non-Arab nations, primarily in Western countries as well as parts of Asia, Latin America and West Africa, particularly in the Ivory Coast (home to over 100,000 Lebanese), Senegal (roughly 20,000), Sierra Leone (roughly 6,000 today; about 30,000 prior to the outbreak of civil war in 1991), and Liberia. Since the end of the civil war in 2002, Lebanese traders have become reestablished in Sierra Leone.
Arab traders have long operated in Southeast Asia, trading in spices, timber and textiles. But an important trading minority in the region that goes largely unrecognised comprises the local descendants of Arabs. Most of the prominent Indonesians, Malaysians and Singaporeans of Arab descent have their origins in southern Yemen in the Hadramawt coastal region. They are the Hadramis. As many as 4 million Indonesians are of Hadrami descent and today there are almost 10,000 Hadramis in Singapore.
The Americas have long been a place of Arab migration, arriving as early as the nineteenth century in some countries. The largest Arab colony in the world resides in Brazil, which has over 12 million Brazilians of Arab ancestry. Of these 12 million Brazilian Arabs, over 9 million are of Lebanese ancestry, making Brazil's population of Lebanese three times greater than that of Lebanon. Most other Brazilians of Arab descent are mainly Syrian. There are also large Arab communities in Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Palestinians cluster in Chile and Central America, particularly El Salvador and Honduras. The 300,000-strong Palestinian community in Chile is the fourth largest in the world after those in Israel, Lebanon and Jordan. In the United States there are around 3.5 million people of Arab ancestry. Most Arabs of the Americas are of either Lebanese or Syrian extraction and are mostly Christian.
The Lebanese diaspora, while historically trade-related, has more recently been linked to the Lebanese Civil War and the 2006 Lebanon War. In October 2006, shortly after the war between Hezbollah and Israel had concluded, the Edinburgh Middle East Report ran an article covering the brain drain from Lebanon's universities. Increasing numbers of Lebanese students are travelling abroad to further their education in safer environments.
As of November 2006, the U.N. High Commissioner on Refugees estimated that 1.8 million Iraqis had been displaced to neighboring countries, with nearly 100,000 Iraqis fleeing to Syria and Jordan each month. As a result of growing international pressure, on June 1, 2007 the Bush administration said it was ready to admit 7,000 Iraqi refugees who had helped the coalition since the invasion. According to Washington based Refugees International the U.S. has admitted fewer than 800 Iraqi refugees since the invasion, Sweden had accepted 18,000 and Australia had resettled almost 6,000.
In France, the Benelux countries, Spain and much of the rest of Europe, the Arab communities are of North African origin, particularly Algeria and Morocco, and are mostly Muslim. In Marseille, Arabs make up 25% of the total population. About 80,000 Iraqis live in Sweden, forming the country’s second largest immigrant group. There is also a medium sized Arab community in Australia, where Arabic is the fourth most widely spoken second-language. The number of Muslim and Christian Arab Australians are roughly equal with a slight upper hand to Christians. See Australian population: ethnic origins.
Challenges
There are no exact figures of how many Arabs live in diaspora (expatriates). There are many challenges facing Arabs in diaspora, especially in the post 9/11 world: First: Suspicion of Arabs and Muslims has reached almost a paranoid proportion. Racism towards Arabs has reached new heights.
Second: Another delicate issue for the Diaspora Arabs is the relationship with motherlands and/or fatherlands. These challenges depend on which generation of Arab immigrants we are talking about. Usually, the first generation Arab immigrants are caught between a love for the motherland that on hand increased by leaps and bounds following immigration and fueled mainly by nostalgia and a certain degree of “culture shock,” and resentment stemming from feeling driven out by unfavorable circumstances.
Third: After an initial period of “shock,” the first generation Arab immigrants start the slow process of acculturation/assimilation. The Arab in his self-imposed-exile faces the ambivalence associated with the love-hate relationship with the motherland and/or fatherland.
Fourth: Nostalgia: The memory of the Arab immigrant polishes events, people and places and plays “tricks” on his mind. The things that used to irritate the Arab immigrant in the motherland start to seem so trivial after a few months away. Arabs in diaspora start forgetting or minimizing the bitterness that drove them out and remember only the sweet. In a way nostalgia becomes deceptive and memory turns selective. The first generation immigrant Arab is perplexed and his nostalgia leaves him or her with a heavy heart. Even a song that reminds an Arab of his childhood or adolescence puts a lump in his throat. The bond to the motherland becomes like a rubber band the draws the emigrant Arab ever stronger the longer and the farther he stays away.
Prominent members of the Arab diaspora include;
- Abdalá Bucaram (Lebanese origin), former President of Ecuador
- Alberto Dahik (Lebanese origin), former Vice President of Ecuador
- Andres Dauhajre (Syrian origin), prominent Dominican Economist
- Antonio Saca (Palestinian origin), current President of El Salvador
- Julio Hazim (Lebanese origin), Important Dominican Businessman
- Jacobo Majluta (Lebanese origin), former President of Dominican Republic
- Salvador Jorge Blanco (Syrian origin),former President of Dominican Republic
- André Apaid (Lebanese origin), high profile Haitian businessman
- Samir Mourra (Lebanese origin), Haitian businessman and 2006 Haitian presidential candidate
- Antoine Izméry (Palestinian origin), Former wealthy Haitian businessman and pro-democracy activist
- Paulo Maluf (Lebanese origin), politician, former mayor of São Paulo city and former governor of São Paulo state in Brazil
- Jamil Mahuad (Lebanese origin), former President of Ecuador
- Carlos Menem (Syrian origin), former President of Argentina
- Said Musa (Palestinian origin), current Prime Minister of Belize
- Edward Seaga (Lebanese origin), former Prime Minister of Jamaica
- Ralph Nader (Lebanese origin), 2004 US presidential candidate
- Gilberto Kassab (Lebanese origin), current mayor of São Paulo
- Jaime Nebot (Lebanese origin), current Alcalde of Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Edward Saïd (Palestinian origin), US intellectual
- Julio Cesar Turbay (Lebanese origin), former President of Colombia
- Elias Zerhouni (Algerian origin), current Director of National Institutes of Health (United States)
- Schafik Handal (Palestinian origin), Salvadoran born FMLN leader
- Carlos Ghosn (Lebanese origin), Brazilian born businessman, CEO of Nissan and Renault, former CEO of Michelin.
- Mário Zagallo (Lebanese origin),Brazilian football coach and former player
- Charles Elachi (Lebanese origin), the Director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).
- Mohamed Al-Fayed (Egyptian origin), Businessman, owner of London's Harrods and the Ritz Palace in Paris.
- Nadhmi Auchi (Iraqi origin), Businessman, founder and Chairman of General Mediterranean Holdings.
- Azzedine Alaia (Tunisian origin), prominent fashion designer.
- Tarak Ben Ammar (Tunisian origin), international movie producer and distributor.
- Carlos Slim (Lebanese origin), Mexican businessman. He was listed as the richest man in the world by Forbes.
- Shakira Mebarak, (Lebanese origin) Colombian singer and musician.
- Rachid Taha (Algerian origin) Raï musician now living in France
- Khaled (also of Algerian origin) Raï musician now living in France
- Yazid Sabeg (Algerian-born) businessman now living in France
- Tariq Ramadan (Egyptian origin), Swiss intellectual
- Migati Amdjat ( Jordanian origin) member of the SERB part SERBIAN RADICAL PARTY Vojislav Seselj It is the first foreigner of the history to being member of the Serb Parliament, and the first representative with speaking Arab. - Sure that I am Serbe, since my wife is Serbe, and the Serb popular expression was connait: "You are from there - where your wife is."
See also
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External links
- Niger's Arabs to fight expulsion
- Arabs Making Their Mark in Latin America
- Fact Sheet: Australian Muslims
- The Arabs of Honduras
- The Arabs of Brazil
- Hadramis in Singapore
- The world's successful diasporas
- Latin-American Arabs
- Out of the Hadhramaut
- The Arrival Of The Lebanese
- The Washington Times, Arab-Brazilians
- Arab Immigrants in Latin American Politics
References
- Lebanon's Brain Drain by Tim May. Edinburgh Middle East Report Online. Winter 2006.
- "U.N.: 100,000 Iraq refugees flee monthly". Alexander G. Higgins, Boston Globe, November 3, 2006.
- US in Iraq for 'another 50 years', The Australian, June 2, 2007
- Sweden urges EU to take in Iraqis