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This article is about the plant. For the Tokyo Mew Mew character, see Lettuce Midorikawa.

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Lettuce
Iceberg lettuce field in Northern Santa Barbara County
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Lactuca
Species:	L. sativa
Binomial name
Lactuca sativa L.

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Template:FixHTML The Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a temperate annual or biennial plant of the daisy family Asteraceae. It is most often grown as a leaf vegetable. In many countries, it is typically eaten cold and raw, in salads, hamburgers, tacos, and many other dishes. In some places, including China, lettuce is typically eaten cooked and use of the stem is as important as use of the leaf. Both the English name and the Latin name of the genus are ultimately derived from lac, the Latin word for “milk”, referring to the plant’s milky juice. Mild in flavour, it has been described over the centuries as a cooling counterbalance to other ingredients in a salad, however it has been humorously described by filmmaker John Waters in his humorous essay, 100 Things I Hate, refers to iceberg lettuce as "the polyester of greens".

The lettuce plant has a short stem initially (a rosette growth habit), but when it blooms the stem lengthens and branches, and it produces many flower heads that look like those of dandelions, but smaller. This is called bolting. When grown to eat, lettuce is harvested before it bolts. Lettuce is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera.

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Facts and figures

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• Lactucarium (or “Lettuce Opium”) is a mild opiate-like substance that is contained in all types of lettuce. Both the Romans and Egyptians took advantage of this property eating lettuce at the end of a meal to induce sleep.
• The largest lettuce head weighed 11 kg (25 lb), of the Salad Bowl cultivar, grown by Colin Bowcock of Willaston, England, in 1974.
• In the United States, 95% of all head lettuce is grown in California and Arizona.
• Yazidis consider eating lettuce taboo. See Taboo food and drink.

History

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Diseases

Notes

1. Molly Damon, Nancy Z. Zhang, David B. Haytowitz, Sarah L. Booth (2005). "Phylloquinone (vitamin K₁) content of vegetables". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 18. Elsevier: 751–758. doi:doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2004.07.004. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
2. United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
3. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). "Chapter 4: Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". In Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). pp. 120–121. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
4. Simpson, D.P. (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883. ISBN 0-304-52257-0.
5. Grigson, Jane (1978). The Vegetable Book. London: Penguin. pp. p. 312-14. ISBN 0-14-046-352-6. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
6. Waters, John (1987). Crackpot: the Obssessions of John Waters. Vintage. ISBN 0394755340.
7. "Lettuce - Lactuca sativa - Daisy family". Hamilton, Dave (2005).
8. "Lettuce:Food Facts & Trivia". Retrieved 2007-11-02.

References

• "Iceberg and Leaf Lettuce", University of California
• Nutrition facts

• Asteraceae
• Leaf vegetables