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Revision as of 21:51, 15 December 2007 by 88.227.196.234 (talk)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Place in East Anatolia, Turkey| Erzurum | |
|---|---|
| Country |  Turkey |
| Region | East Anatolia |
| Province | Erzurum |
| Population | |
| • Total | 361,235 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Website | www.erzurum-bld.gov.tr |
- Theodosiopolis redirects here; it is also a name of the ancient city of Apros, Thrace.
Erzurum (Template:Lang-hy is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The name "Erzurum" derives from "Arz-e Rum" (literally The border of the Romans in Persian).
Erzurum has a population of 361,235 (2000 census). It is the capital of Erzurum Province, the largest province in Turkey's Eastern Anatolian Region. The city is situated 1757 meters (5766 feet) above sea level and has an extreme continental climate with an average January temperature of −11 °C (12 °F). Temperatures often drop below −30 °C (−22 °F) in the winter, with heavy snowfall.
Erzurum, known as "The Rock" in NATO code, has served as NATO's southeasternmost air force post during the Cold War.
The city uses the double-headed Anatolian Seljuk Eagle as its coat-of-arms, a motif based on the double-headed Byzantine Eagle that was a common symbol throughout Anatolia and the Balkans in the medieval period.
History
Further information: Erzurum Province § HistorySaltuklus were an Anatolian Turkish Beylik centered in Erzurum, who ruled between 1071 to 1202. Melike Mama Hatun, sister of Nâsırüddin Muhammed, was the ruler between 1191 and 1200.
The city was captured by Russia in 1829, but given back to the Ottoman Empire under the Treaty of Adrianople (Edirne). During the Crimean war Russian forces approached Erzurum, but did not attack it because of insufficient forces and the continuing Russian siege of Kars. The city was attacked and, after overcoming strong resistance, captured by a Russian army in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, but was returned to the Ottoman Empire under the Treaty of San Stefano.
The city was the location of one of the key battles in the Caucasus Campaign of World War I between the armies of the Ottoman and Russian Empires which resulted in capture of Erzerum by Russian forces under command of Grand Duke Nicholas and Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich on February 16, 1916. It was returned to the Ottomans with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, a founder of the modern Turkish Republic, resigned from the Ottoman Army in Erzurum, and was declared the "Honorary Native" and the freeman of the city, which issued him his first citizenship registration and certificate (Nüfus Cuzdanı) of the new Turkish Republic. The Erzurum Congress of 1919 was one of the starting points of the Turkish War of Independence.
Economy
Further information: Erzurum Province § EconomyThe largest economy, in recent years, has been the university. Atatürk University is one of the largest universities in Turkey, having more than forty-thousand students. Tourism, also, provides a large proportion of the province's income.
Erzurum is famous about its oltu stone craftsmanship. The major souvenirs of the city could be counted as prayer beads, bracelets, necklaces, brooches, earrings and hairclips crafted from the oltu stone.
Tourism
Palandöken Mountain is about 2200-3176m altitude and covars the area which is on the south, nort-east, sout-west of city. Mount Palandöken covers area of 72 km in width. Mt. Palandöken, whic is among the foremost and privileged ski-centers in point of winter tourisim and winter sports in Turkey, has conveyed the features of the international main station for winter activities. With this feature, it constitutes the most significant part of the city tourism sector. The south ski run is 8 km. long. The nort ski run is devised for the advanced skiers.
The highest point of Mt. Palandöken is great Ejder, which is 3188 m high. It is possible to ski on Great Ejder (2200-3100m) and possible to reach 3100 m. by chair lift is 3237 m. long and can carry 360 people per hour. It is possible to ski with drawn sledges by horses besides skiing. The available skiing part of Mt. Palandöken is, 6 km. away for the city center and is located on the strait of Erzurum. The facilities situated on Mt. Palandöken are 16 km. from the airport.
Erzurum offers winter tourism attactions and a major skiing center at the Palandöken Mountain as well as its regional academic medical center, rich architectural historical sites and great monuments from the Seljuk period such as the Çifte Minareli Medrese. International University Sports Federation (FISU) World Winter Games, 2011 Winter Universiade, will be held in Erzurum.
Cuisine
One specialty of Erzurum's cuisine is Cağ Kebab. Although this kebab variety is of recent introduction outside its native region, it is rapidly attaining wide-spread popularity around Turkey.
Besides, Kadayif Dolmasi is an exquisite sugary. There is walnut in Kadayif Dolmasi.
Transportation
The main bus station has bus links to most major Turkish cities. Erzurum is also the main railroad endpoint for the Eastern Anatolia region. Erzurum airport, also used by the Turkish Air Force, has runways that are the second longest in Turkey.
Erzurum is connected to the neighboring provinces and to the other regions of the country by a network of highways, railways and air ways.
Highway The bus terminal is at the city center. Terminal Tel : (+90 - 442) 233 12 00
Railway The Railway Station is at the city center. Railway Station Tel: (+90 - 442) 218 19 16
Airway The Erzurum Airport is 10 km away from the city center. From Erzurum Airport, domestic and foreign flights are executed by the connection of Ankara.
Airport Tel: (+90 - 442) 327 28 35
Notable natives
- Nene Hatun female defender of Erzurum during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78
- Cemal Gürsel, the fourth president of Turkey
External links
- Erzurumspor Web Sites
- Template:Tr icon Chamber of Commerce
- Eastern Anatolia Free Zone
- All information of Erzurum
- Universiade Erzurum 2011 Introduction (video)
- The Local Folk Dance of Dadash (video)
- Pictures of the capital of this province
References
| Erzurum in Erzurum Province of Turkey | ||
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| Districts |   | |
| Metropolitan municipalities are bolded. | ||
 | This article about an Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey location is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it. |