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In general, failure refers to the state or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective. It may be viewed as the opposite of success.

Commercial failures

A commercial failure is a product that does not reach expectations of success, failing to come even close. A major flop goes one step further and is recognized for its complete lack of success.

• For flops in computer and video gaming, see List of commercial failures in video gaming.
• For company failures related to the 1997–2001 Dot-com bubble, see Dot-com company.
• See also Vaporware.

Other failures

• For military disasters, see the list of military disasters.
• For events that were highly anticipated but either did not happen or turned out to be disappointing, see Non-event.

See also

Bibliography

• Charles Perrow, Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies, New Tork: Basic Books, 1984. Paperback reprint, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-691-00412-9
• Sandage, Scott A. Born Losers: A History of Failure in America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-674-01510-X, ISBN 0-674-02107-X.
• Gay, Jared I. Enough Idle Chit-chat, Let's RPG!: An in-depth analysis of Toad's failures Some Place, Australia. ISBN 0-867-53090-X

Notes and references

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External links

• Failure magazine
• Designing Building Failures

• Failure
• Reliability engineering