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The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC), based primarily at 55 Water Street in New York City, is the world’s largest post-trade financial services company. It was set up to provide an efficient and safe way for buyers and sellers of securities to make their exchange, and thus "clear and settle" transactions. It also provides custody of securities.

User-owned and directed, it automates, centralizes, standardizes, and streamlines processes that are critical to the safety and soundness of the world’s capital markets. Through its subsidiaries, DTCC provides clearance, settlement, and information services for equities, corporate and municipal bonds, unit investment trusts, government and mortgage-backed securities, money market instruments, and over-the-counter derivatives. DTCC is also a leading processor of mutual funds and insurance transactions, linking funds and carriers with their distribution networks. DTCC's DTC depository provides custody and asset servicing for 2.8 million securities issues, comprised mostly of stocks and bonds, from the United States and 100 other countries and territories, valued at $36 trillion, more than any other depository in the world. DTCC processes most of the securities transactions in the United States, over $1.5 quadrillion worth every year.

In 2006, DTCC settled the vast majority of securities transaction in the United States, more than $1.5 quadrillion in value. DTCC has operating facilities in New York City and at multiple locations in and outside the U.S.

History

Established in 1972, The Depository Trust Company (DTC) was created to alleviate the rising volumes of paperwork and the lack of security that developed after rapid growth in the volume of transactions of the U.S. securities industry in the late 1960s. The increase in volume made the exchange of physical stock certificates more difficult, less efficient, and increasingly expensive. The goal of DTC was to automate this process by holding paper certificates in one place, and keeping electronic records of the certificates and transactions in them.

Two methods were devised to solve the crisis:

The first was to hold all stock certificates in a centralized location and record all changes of ownership electronically - this method led to the creation of DTC in 1973 (stocks held by DTC are kept in the name of its partnership nominee, Cede & Co.). The primary function of the DTC system is to provide centralized clearing and settlement of security transactions electronically. Not all securities are eligible to be settled through DTC ("DTC-eligible").

The second method involves multilateral netting; and led to the formation of the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) in 1975.

Before DTC and NSCC were formed, brokers physically exchanged certificates, employing hundreds of messengers to carry certificates and checks. With volumes approaching 10 to 12 million shares a day, the paperwork burden became enormous. To deal with this large volume, the exchanges were forced to close every week (they chose every Wednesday), and trading hours were shortened other days of the week.

This continuing growth in securities trading led the New York Stock Exchange to establish the Central Certificate Service (CCS) in 1968. The CCS kept track of the total number of shares held by NYSE members. This led to the development of the Banking and Securities Industry Committee (BASIC), and finally the development of DTC.

Ltitigation

DTCC has been sued with regard to its alleged participation in naked short selling. The plaintiff is seeking $400 million in damages. In the case of Pet Quarters, Inc. v. The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation, et al., filed October 29, 2004, the DTCC Defendants’ motion to dismiss and plaintiffs’ motion to remand to state court are pending. Ten of the suits alleging naked short-selling that were filed against DTCC have been withdrawn or dismissed.

Subsidiaries

The DTCC has several subsidiaries:

• The Depository Trust Company (DTC) – The original depository clearing corporation
• National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) – Provides clearing for equities, and corporate and municipal debt
  • The Emerging Markets Clearing Corporation – Now part of NSCC
• Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (FICC) – Provides clearing for fixed income securities, including treasury securities and mortgage backed securities
  • Government Securities Clearing Corporation (GSCC) – Now part of FICC
  • MBS Clearing Corporation (MBSCC) – Now part of FICC
• DTCC Solutions – DTCC’s subsidiary delivering information-based and business processing solutions to financial intermediaries globally, such as Global Corporation Action Validation Service and Managed Accounts Service
• Deriv/SERV – Provides clearing for credit derivatives, such as CDOs
• EuroCCP – Provides clearing on European exchanges
• Omgeo – Partnership with Thomson Financial that provides clearing automation solutions

References

1. "Blame the 'Stock Vault'?" The Wall Street Journal, July 5, 2007
2. DTCC response to Wall Street Journal Article, July 6, 2007
3. "Nevada Court Dismisses Nanopierce Lawsuit Against DTCC On Naked Short Selling," Depository Trust Clearing Corporation, May 2005. Accessed February 5, 2007

External links

• DTCC corporate site
• DTC corporate site
• NSCC corporate site
• DTCC on its History
• DTCC on Naked Short Case
• Take a Look at the Depository Trust Company

• Financial services companies of the United States
• Securities
• Self-regulatory organizations