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Baron Ladislaus Josephus Balthasar Eustachius Mednyánszky (23rd April 1852 - 19th April 1919), commonly referred to by his Hungarian birth name, László Mednyánszky, or his Slovakian name, Ladislav Medňanský, was a Hungarian-Slovakian painter in the Impressionist tradition. Despite an aristocratic background, he spent most of his life moving around Europe working as an artist. Mednyánszky spent considerable periods in seclusion but mingled with people across society - in the aristocracy, art world, peasantry and army - many of whom became the subjects of his paintings. His most important works depict scenes of nature and poor, working people, particularly from his home region in north-eastern Slovakia.
Biography
Mednyánszky was born in Beckov (Hungarian: Beckó) in the Kingdom of Hungary (now Slovakia), to Eduard Mednyánszky and Maria Anna Mednyánszky, (née Szirmay) both from landowning families. Mednyánszky's family moved in 1861 to the chateau of his grandfather, Baltazár Szirmay, at Strážky, near Spišská Belá in north-eastern Slovakia. This was to be the setting for many of his works.
Mednyánszky met the Austrian artist Thomas Ender in 1863 when Ender visited the chateau at Strážky. Ender took an interest in Mednyánszky's early efforts at drawing, lending his assistance to improve Mednyánszky's skills.
Mednyánszky attended a grammar school in Kežmarok, near his home, then attended the Akademie der Bildenden Künste (Academy of Fine Arts) in Munich in 1872—1873. Dissatisfied in Munich, he moved to Paris to attend the École des Beaux-Arts. After the death of his professor, Isidore-Alexandre Augustin Pils, in 1875, Mednyánszky left the École and began practicing independently from Montmartre.
Mednyánszky returned to Strážky after 1877 to continue painting, and subsequently travelled widely in Europe, between his childhood homes in Upper Hungary and Budapest, Vienna, Paris and beyond. Mednyánszky visited the Szolnok artists' colony in the autumn of 1877 and Italy in 1878. His mother died in 1883, after which he lived in seclusion in Nagyőr. He returned to Strážky in 1887 to help deal with an outbreak of cholera but soon fell ill himself, with pneumonia. He spent much of 1889-1892 in Paris and returned regularly to Strážky until 1900. His father, Eduard, died in 1895. Mednyánszky held his only solo exhibition at the Galerie Georges Petit in Paris in 1897. For the years 1905-1911 he lived in Budapest, then later moved to Vienna.
When the First World War broke out in 1914, Mednyánszky was in Budapest again. He worked as a war correspondent on the Austro-Hungarian frontlines in Galicia, Serbia and the southern Tirol. In the spring of 1918 he returned to Strážky to recover from war wounds. After spending some time working in Budapest, Mednyánszky died in poor health in the spring of 1919, in Vienna.
Works
Mednyánszky's works were largely in the Impressionist tradition, with influences from Symbolism and Art Nouveau. His works depict landscape scenes of nature, the weather and everyday, poor people such as peasants and workmen. The region of his birth, north-eastern Slovakia (at the time part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), was the site and subject of many of his paintings; scenes from the Carpathian Mountains and the Hungarian Plains are numerous. He also painted portraits of his friends and family, and images of soldiers during the First World War whilst working as a war correspondent.
His works are currently displayed in the Slovak National Gallery in Bratislava, which received a large collection in a bequest from his nephew Margita Czóbel in 1972, and in the Hungarian National Gallery in Budapest. A large number of his works were destroyed during the Second World War.
List of works
- Marshland (1880)
(Oil on canvas, 28 x 42 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Osiery with Cows (c. 1880)
(Oil on canvas, 40 x 60 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Watering (c. 1880)
(Oil on canvas, 114 x 201 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Fishing on the Tisza (after. 1880)
(Oil on canvas, 153,5 x 49 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Waterside Scene in Luminescent Haze
(Oil on canvas, 29,5 x 48 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Waterside Scene with Figure
(Oil on canvas, 85,5 x 99 cm, Private collection)
- Old Tramp (1880s)
(Oil on wood, 17,5 x 13 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Head of a Boy (c. 1890)
(Oil on wood, 41 x 31 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Angler (1890)
(Oil on wood, 27 x 21 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- View of the Forest (1890-91)
(Oil on wood, 32,5 x 22,5 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Trees with Hoar-frost (c. 1892)
(Oil on canvas, 36,5 x 29 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Under the Cross (c. 1892)
(Oil on canvas, 34 x 50 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Landscape at Autumn (1890s)
(Oil on canvas, 101 x 74 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- In the Garden
(Oil on canvas, 60 x 90 cm, Janus Pannonius Museum, Pécs)
- Peasant Lad
(Oil on canvas, 55 x 45 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Study of a Head (Nyuli)
(Oil on canvas, 47 x 32 cm, Private collection)
- View of Dunajec (1890-95)
(Oil on canvas, 98 x 73 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- 'Iron Gate at the Danube (1890-95)
(Oil on canvas, 120 x 195 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Mountain Landscape with Lake
(Oil on canvas, 80 x 100 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Lake in the Mountains (1895-99)
(Oil on canvas, 33 x 41,5 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Thawing of Snow (1896-99)
(Oil on canvas, 120 x 140 cm, Dobó István Castle Museum, Eger)
- Head of a Tramp (c. 1896)
(Oil on wood, 45 x 34,5 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Absinth Drinker (c. 1898)
(Oil on canvas, 35 x 26,5 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Down-and-out (after 1898)
(Oil on canvas, 120 x 140 cm, Private collection)
- Houses by the River (after 1898)
(Oil on canvas, 40,5 x 61 cm, Private collection)
- Waterside House
(Oil on canvas, 72,5 x 100 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Old Man (1896-97)
(Oil on canvas, 100 x 70,5 cm, Private collection)
- Tramp Seated on a Bench (c. 1898)
(Oil on canvas, 70 x 100 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Man Seated Wearing Hat
(Oil on canvas, 34 x 26 cm, Private collection)
- After the Brawl (c. 1898)
(Oil on canvas, 85 x 65 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- In the Tavern (after 1898)
(Oil on canvas, 162 x 130 cm, Private collection)
- Landscape in the Alps (View from the Rax) (c. 1900)
(Oil on canvas, 28,3 x 34,5 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Tramp with Cigar (c. 1900)
(Oil on canvas, 28,5 x 23 cm, Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest)
- Head of a Tramp with Light Hat (c. 1900)
(Oil on cardboard, 36,5 x 28 cm, Private collection)
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See also
External links
Fine Arts in Hungary: Works by László Mednyánszky
References
- Fine Arts in Hungary: MEDNYÁNSZKY, László - Slovakian National Gallery Online: Ladislav Mednyánszky and Strážky
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