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Humanistic psychology emerged in the 1950s in reaction to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis. It is concerned with the subjective experience of human beings and focuses on growth. Many humanistic psychologists stress the importance of nurturing the inner core, psyche, or authentic self of an individual. Humanistic psychologists are also critical of pathology-oriented systems that seek to label hurt individuals as sick.

Scientifically, the humanistic field views the usage of quantitative methods in the study of the human mind and behaviour as misguided. This is in direct contrast to cognitivism (which aims to apply the scientific method to the study of psychology), an approach of which humanistic psychology has been strongly critical. Instead, the discipline stresses a phenomenological view of human experience, seeking to understand human beings and their behavior by conducting qualitative research.

The humanistic approach has its roots in existentialist thought (see Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Sartre). The founding theorists behind this school of thought are Abraham Maslow, who presented a "hierarchy of needs"; Carl Rogers, who created and developed 'Person centred psychotherapy' and Fritz and Laura Perls who helped create and develop Gestalt therapy. Gestalt psychologists claim to consider behaviour holistically—"the whole is greater than the sum of its parts"—although critics such as Karl Popper have presented forceful arguments against the proposition that entities can be apprehended as wholes.

Humanistic psychologists use a narrow definition of humanism. The American Humanist Association, for example, has had as members many psychologists whom humanistic psychologists would not consider humanist, B.F. Skinner being perhaps a prominent example.

Humanistic pshycology is often applied in counselling as person-centered or client-centered therapy, as originally developed by Carl Rogers, in which empathy, unconditional positve regard and congruence is used by the therapist.

See also

• cognitivism (psychology)
• critical psychology
• Human potential movement
• positive psychology
• Psychotherapy
• Important publications in humanistic psychology

Introductory textbooks

• Rowan, John (2001) Ordinary ecstasy : the dialectics of humanistic psychology. Hove: Brunner-Routledge
• Schneider K., Bugental J., & Pierson JF. (Editors) (2001) The Handbook of humanistic psychology: leading edges in theory, research, and practice. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications, c2001.

External links

• Association for Humanistic Psychology
• Ingenta - Journal of Humanistic Psychology
• APA Division 32 - Humanistic Psychology
• UK Association of Humanistic Psychology Practitioners

• Psychological school
• Psychology