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Names
Specifically, the term "Line of Control" (LOC) refers to the military control line between the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir--a line which, still to this day, does not constitute a legally recognized international boundary. Originally known as the "Cease-fire Line", it was redesignated as the "Line of Control" following the Simla Agreement, which was signed in December 1971. The part of the former princely state that is under Indian control is known as the State of Jammu and Kashmir. The two parts of the former princely state that are under Pakistani control are known as the Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA) and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK).
Another cease-fire line, one that separates the Indian-controlled state of Jammu and Kashmir from the Chinese-controlled area known as Aksai Chin, lies futher to the east and is known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
Wars
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The LOC has seen various Indo-Pakistani wars, the last one occurring in 1999, when both Indian and Pakistani forces fought in the Kargil War. That war took place in winter, when the forward posts on both sides were abandoned due to bad weather. Initially the Indian army was at the receiving end of the fighting, with heavy firing from hill-top bunkers occupied by the Pakistani army and jihadis (mujahids). The war ended when the government of Pakistan succumbed to international pressure and stopped their support of the jihadi organizations. Resistance fighting continued for more than a month aftrerward, however.
See also
- Wagah border crossing between India and Pakistan
- Indian Kashmir barrier
- Timeline of the Kashmir conflict
- Kashmiriyat - a socio-cultural ethos of religious harmony and Kashmiri consciousness.
- Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir) to the Country / Dominion of India
- Karan Singh, son of Maharaja Hari Singh
- Maharaja Hari Singh (1895–1961), was the last ruling Maharaja / Emperor / King of all Lands and Territories of the princely state / Kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir in India. He was the Father of Dr. Karan Singh.
- LOC Kargil, a 2003 Bollywood war film based on "Kargil War" or the "Indo-Pakistani War of 1999", directed by J.P.Dutta
- Azad Kashmir an area of Kashmir administered by Pakistan
- Trans-Karakoram Tract an area of Kashmir administered by China
- Aksai Chin an area of Kashmir administered by China
- Shaikh Abdullah, Politician
- Baltistan
- Northern Areas
- Pamir Mountains
- Wakhan
- Gilgit Agency
- List of topics on the land and the people of “Jammu and Kashmir”
External links
- Conflict in Kashmir: Selected Internet Resources by the Library, University of California, Berkeley, USA; University of California, Berkeley Library Bibliographies and Web-Bibliographies list