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Michael Phelps

Michael Phelps at the 2008 Beijing Olympics
Personal information
Full name	Michael Fred Phelps
Nickname	The Baltimore Bullet
Nationality	United States
Height	6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)
Weight	200 lb (91 kg)
Sport
Sport	Swimming
Strokes	Butterfly, Individual Medley, Freestyle, Backstroke
Club	Club Wolverine, University of Michigan
Medal record Men's Swimming Representing  United States Olympic Games 2004 Athens 100 m butterfly 2004 Athens 200 m butterfly 2004 Athens 200 m individual medley 2004 Athens 400 m individual medley 2004 Athens 4 x 200 m freestyle relay 2004 Athens 4 x 100 m medley relay 2008 Beijing 200 m freestyle 2008 Beijing 100 m butterfly 2008 Beijing 200 m butterfly 2008 Beijing 200 m individual medley 2008 Beijing 400 m individual medley 2008 Beijing 4 x 100 m freestyle relay 2008 Beijing 4 x 200 m freestyle relay 2008 Beijing 4 x 100 m medley relay 2004 Athens 200 m freestyle 2004 Athens 4 x 100 m freestyle relay World Championships - Long Course 2001 Fukuoka 200 m butterfly 2003 Barcelona 200 m butterfly 2003 Barcelona 200 m individual medley 2003 Barcelona 400 m individual medley 2003 Barcelona 4 x 100 m medley relay 2005 Montreal 200 m freestyle 2005 Montreal 200 m individual medley 2005 Montreal 4 x 100 m freestyle relay 2005 Montreal 4 x 200 m freestyle relay 2005 Montreal 4 x 100 m medley relay 2007 Melbourne 200 m freestyle 2007 Melbourne 100 m butterfly 2007 Melbourne 200 m butterfly 2007 Melbourne 200 m individual medley 2007 Melbourne 400 m individual medley 2007 Melbourne 4 x 100 m freestyle relay 2007 Melbourne 4 x 200 m freestyle relay 2003 Barcelona 100 m butterfly 2003 Barcelona 4 x 200 m freestyle relay 2005 Montreal 100 m butterfly World Championships - Short Course 2004 Indianapolis 200 m freestyle Pan Pacific Championships 2002 Yokohama 200 m individual medley 2002 Yokohama 400 m individual medley 2002 Yokohama 4 x 100 m medley relay 2006 Victoria 200 m butterfly 2006 Victoria 200 m individual medley 2006 Victoria 400 m individual medley 2006 Victoria 4 x 100 m freestyle relay 2006 Victoria 4 x 200 m freestyle relay 2002 Yokohama 200 m butterfly 2002 Yokohama 4 x 200 m freestyle relay 2006 Victoria 200 m backstroke

Michael Fred Phelps (born June 30, 1985) is an American swimmer and 14-time Olympic Gold medalist (most by any Olympian), who currently holds seven world records in swimming.

He holds the record for the most gold medals won at a single Olympics; a total of eight, surpassing Mark Spitz. He also shares the record (with Soviet gymnast Alexander Dityatin) of the most medals (of any type) at a single Olympics—eight, which Phelps has accomplished twice, at Athens in 2004 and at Beijing in 2008.

Overall, Phelps has won 16 Olympic medals: six gold and two bronze at Athens in 2004, and 8 gold at Beijing in 2008, seven of those set world record times. He currently ranks second in total career Olympic medals, after Soviet gymnast Larissa Latynina, who won a total of 18 medals (nine gold) spanning three Olympic Games.

Phelps' international titles, along with his various world records, have resulted in him being awarded the World Swimmer of the Year Award in 2003, 2004, 2006, and 2007 and American Swimmer of the Year Award in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, and 2007.

Phelps has won a total of 48 career medals thus far: 40 gold, six silvers and two bronze. This includes all of the Championships in which he has competed: The Olympics, the World Championships, and the Pan Pacific Championships. Phelps competed in eight swimming events at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, winning gold medals in all of them and breaking seven world records and one olympic record.

Personal life

Phelps was born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland, and grew up in the Rodgers Forge neighborhood. He graduated from Towson High School in 2003. His father, Fred Phelps, worked for the Maryland State Police and his mother, Debbie Davisson Phelps, is a middle school principal. The two divorced in 1994. Michael, whose nickname is "MP", has two older sisters, Whitney and Hilary. Both of them were swimmers as well, with Whitney coming close to making the U.S. national team for the 1996 Summer Olympics before injuries derailed her career.

In his youth, Phelps was diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). He started swimming at age seven, partly because of the influence of his sisters and partly to provide him with an outlet for his energy. He excelled as a swimmer, and by the age of 10 held a national record for his age group. More age group records followed, and Phelps' rapid improvement culminated in his qualifying for the 2000 Summer Olympics at the age of 15.

In November 2004, at the age of 19, Phelps was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol in Salisbury, Maryland. He pleaded guilty to driving while impaired the following month and was granted probation before judgment and ordered to serve 18 months probation, fined $250, obligated to speak to high school students about drinking and driving and had to attend a Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) meeting. Questioned about the incident later that month by Matt Lauer on the Today Show, Phelps said it was an "isolated incident" and that he had "definitely let myself down and my family down...I think I let a lot of people in the country down."

Between 2004 and 2008, Phelps attended the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, studying sports marketing and management. In May 2008, Phelps said he intends to return to Baltimore following the 2008 Olympics, joining Bob Bowman there when he leaves the University of Michigan, saying, "I'm not going to swim for anybody else. I think we can both help the North Baltimore Aquatic Club go further. I'm definitely going to be in Baltimore next year." The club has announced that Bowman is leaving the University of Michigan to become the club's CEO.

Phelp's teammates call him "Gomer" because he reminds them of Gomer Pyle, the good-natured naive country boy played by Jim Nabors.

Physique and lifestyle

Phelps has a body particularly suited to swimming. He has a long, thin torso with arms which span 6 feet 7 inches (201 cm), disproportionate with his height of 6 feet 4 inches (193 cm). However, he has relatively short legs which reduce resistance through the water, but despite this he has size 14 feet (49.5 Europe) and double-jointed ankles. He can extend his ankle beyond the point of a ballet dancer which enables him to whip his feet for maximum thrust.

In a front page illustrated article profiling Phelps on the eve of the 2008 Summer Olympics, The Baltimore Sun described the hometown swimmer as "a solitary man" with a "rigid focus" at the pool prior to a race, but afterwards "a man incredibly invested in the success of the people he cares about". Bowman told a Sun interviewer, "He's unbelievably kind-hearted", recounting Phelps' interaction with young children after practices.

According to an article in The Guardian, Phelps eats around 12,000 calories each day, or about six times more than the average adult male.

Endorsements

He has made an estimated $5 million in endorsements, including a $1 million bonus from swimsuit maker Speedo for winning eight gold medals at the 2008 Olympic Games.

Career

Early years

As a young teenager, Phelps trained at the North Baltimore Aquatic Club under coach Bob Bowman. At the age of 15, Phelps competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, becoming the youngest American male swimmer at an Olympic Games in 68 years. While he did not win a medal, he did make the finals and was fifth in the 200 m Butterfly. Phelps proceeded to make a name for himself in swimming shortly thereafter. Five months after the Sydney Olympics, Phelps broke the world record in the 200 m butterfly to become, at 15 years and 9 months, the youngest man ever to set a swimming world record. He then broke his own record at the World Championships in Fukuoka, Japan (1:54.58). At the 2002 Summer Nationals in Fort Lauderdale, Phelps also broke the world record for the 400 m individual medley and set American marks in the 100 m butterfly and the 200 m individual medley.

In 2003, Phelps broke his own world record in the 400 m individual medley (4:09.09) and in June, he broke the world record in the 200 m individual medley (1:56.04). Then on July 7, 2004, Phelps broke his own world record again in the 400 m individual medley (4:08.41) during the U.S. trials for the 2004 Summer Olympics.

In 2004, Phelps left North Baltimore Aquatic Club with Bob Bowman to train at the University of Michigan for Club Wolverine.

2000 Sydney Summer Olympic Games

2004 Athens Summer Olympic Games

Event	Results	Time
400 m individual medley	Gold Medal	4:08.26
100 m butterfly	Gold Medal, Olympic Record	51.25
200 m freestyle	Bronze Medal, American Record	1:45.32
200 m butterfly	Gold Medal, Olympic Record	1:54.04
200 m individual medley	Gold Medal, Olympic Record	1:57.14
4 x 100 m freestyle relay	Bronze Medal	3:14.62
4 x 200 m freestyle relay	Gold Medal, American Record	7:07.33
4 x 100 m medley relay	Gold Medal	3:30.68

Phelps' dominance brought comparisons to former swimming great Mark Spitz, who won seven gold medals in the 1972 Summer Olympics, a world record. Phelps tied Mark Spitz's record of four gold medals won in individual events. Phelps had the chance to break Spitz's record of seven total gold medals in the 2004 Athens Olympics by competing in eight swimming events (five of which were individual events): the 200 m freestyle, the 100 m butterfly, the 200 m butterfly, the 200 m individual medley, the 400 m individual medley, the 4x100 m freestyle relay, 4x200 m freestyle relay, and the 4x100 m medley relay. However, his 4x100 m freestyle relay team only won the bronze medal, and he personally placed for bronze in the 200 m freestyle. Thus, he fell short of Spitz's record. However, he did win eight medals in one Olympics, a feat only previously achieved by Alexander Dityatin, a gymnast, in the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. Phelps would later equal this record (and break Spitz's) with his eight gold medals in the 2008 Olympic Games.

Had he won seven golds in 2004, he would have been eligible for a US$1 million bonus from his sponsor, Speedo. Phelps did, however, earn this $1 million by winning eight golds at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.

On August 14, 2004 he won his first Olympic gold, in the 400 m individual medley, setting another new world record (4:08.26). On August 16 he was beaten by the Australian winner Ian Thorpe and the Dutch Pieter van den Hoogenband in 200 m freestyle final, called the race of the century.

On August 20, 2004 in the 100 m butterfly final, Phelps defeated American teammate Ian Crocker (who holds the world record in the event) by just 0.04 seconds. Traditionally, the Olympian who places highest in an individual event will be automatically given the corresponding leg of the 4x100 m medley relay. This gave Phelps an automatic entry into the medley relay but he deferred and Crocker swam instead. The American medley team went on to win the event in world record time, and, since he had raced in a preliminary heat of the medley relay, Phelps was also awarded a gold medal along with the team members that competed in the final.

2004–2008

Phelps moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan following the 2004 Olympics when his longtime coach at the North Baltimore Athletic Club, Bob Bowman, became head coach of the University of Michigan swimming team. Phelps served as a volunteer assistant coach, but did not swim for the university's team in NCAA competition because of his loss of amateur status, having accepted endorsement money from his sponsors Speedo, Visa, Omega and PowerBar. Instead, he trained with and competed for Club Wolverine, a USA Swimming club affiliated with the university, between 2004 and 2008. The Baltimore Sun said in August 2008 that Phelps earns $5 million annually in endorsements.

He competed in the 2005 World Championships, winning six medals, (five gold and one silver) and breaking one Championship record.

At the 2007 World Championships , Phelps won seven gold medals, tying the record, and broke five world records. The 4x100 m medley relay team he would have competed with in the final received a disqualification for a false start during a changeover in the heats.

He co-founded the "Swim with the Stars" program, along with Ian Crocker and Lenny Krayzelburg, a program which promotes swimming and conducts camps for swimmers of all ages.

Event	Results	Time
200 m freestyle	Gold Medal	1:43.86
100 m butterfly	Gold Medal	50.77
200 m butterfly	Gold Medal	1:52.09
200 m individual medley	Gold Medal	1:54.98
400 m individual medley	Gold Medal	4:06.22
4 x 100 m freestyle relay	Gold Medal, Championship Record	3:12.72
4 x 200 m freestyle relay	Gold Medal	7:03.24
4 x 100 m medley relay	Disqualified

2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games

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Phelps is representing the United States at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He qualified to compete in three team and five individual events, winning the gold medal in all eight events:

Date (in Beijing)	Event	Results	Time
August 10	400 m individual medley	Gold Medal	4:03.84
August 11	4 x 100 m freestyle relay	Gold Medal	3:08.24
August 12	200 m freestyle	Gold Medal	1:42.96
August 13	200 m butterfly	Gold Medal	1:52.03
August 13	4 x 200 m freestyle relay	Gold Medal	6:58.56
August 15	200 m individual medley	Gold Medal	1:54.23
August 16	100 m butterfly	Gold Medal	50.58
August 17	4 x 100 m medley relay	Gold Medal	3:29.34

Phelps set an Olympic record in the preliminary heats of the men's 400-meter individual medley. He followed that up in the final by winning the gold medal, as well as breaking his previous world record by nearly two seconds.

Phelps swam the first leg of the men's 4x100 m freestyle relay in a time of 47.51 seconds (an American record for the 100 m freestyle), and won his second gold medal of the 2008 Olympics, as well as setting his second world record of the Olympics (3:08.24). Teammate Jason Lezak, after beginning his leg more than half a body length behind the French, managed to finish ahead of the second-place French team by eight hundredths of a second. The top five teams in the final finished ahead of the world record of 3:12.23 set the day before by the American B team in a preliminary heat.

For his third race, Phelps broke his previous World Record in the 200-meter freestyle by nearly a second and won his third gold medal. He also set his third world record at the Olympics, 1:42.96, winning by nearly two seconds over silver medalist Park Tae-hwan. Phelps became only the fifth Olympic athlete in recent history to win nine career gold medals, along with Mark Spitz, Larissa Latynina, Paavo Nurmi, and Carl Lewis. Several Olympians in the days before the Olympics' relaunch in 1896 had achieved this honor.

The next day, Phelps participated in two finals. In his first event, the 200-meter butterfly, Phelps made it four gold medals and world records in four events by swimming the final in 1:52.03, defeating silver medalist Laszlo Cseh by almost seven-tenths of a second despite his goggles filling up with water and being unable to "see anything for the last 100 meters." This fourth gold medal was his tenth, and made him the all-time leader for most Olympic gold medals won by an individual in the modern Olympic era.

Epic. It goes to show you that not only is this guy the greatest swimmer of all time and the greatest Olympian of all time, he's maybe the greatest athlete of all time. He's the greatest racer who ever walked the planet.

— Mark Spitz (on Phelps winning his 7th gold medal)

Less than one hour after his gold medal victory in the 200-meter butterfly, Phelps swam the lead-off leg of the 4 x 200-meter freestyle relay. He won his fifth gold and set his fifth world record as the American team finished first with a time of 6:58.56. The Americans were the first team to break the seven-minute mark in the relay, and broke the previous record, set in Template:City-state, by more than four and a half seconds.

After taking a day off from finals (Phelps did swim in qualifying heats), Phelps won his sixth gold of the Beijing Games on August 15 by winning the 200-meter individual medley with a World Record time of 1:54.23, finishing ahead of Cseh by over two seconds.

On August 16, Phelps won his seventh gold medal of the Games in the men’s 100-meter butterfly, setting an Olympic record for the event with a time of 50.58 seconds and edging out his nearest competitor, Serbian-American swimmer Milorad Čavić, by 1/100 of a second. Unlike all six of his previous events in the 2008 Games, Phelps did not set a new world record, leaving Ian Crocker’s world record time of 50.40 seconds, set in 2005, intact. Phelps’s 0.01-second finish ahead of Čavić prompted the Serbian delegation to file a protest; however, subsequent analysis of the video by the FINA panel, which required analyzing frames shot 1/10000 of a second apart, confirmed Phelps’s victory. Phelps’s seventh gold medal of the Games tied Mark Spitz’s record for gold medals won in a single Olympic Games, set in the 1972 Olympics. It was also his fifth individual gold medal in Beijing, tying the record for individual gold medals at a single Games originally set by Eric Heiden in the 1980 Winter Olympics and equaled by Vitaly Scherbo at the 1992 Summer Games. Said Phelps upon setting his seventh-straight Olympic record of the Games in as many events, “Dream as big as you can dream and anything is possible. I am sort of in a dream world. Sometimes I have to pinch myself to make sure it is real.”

On August 17, Phelps won his eighth gold medal in the men's 4 x 100 metre medley relay, breaking Mark Spitz's previous record of seven gold medals achieved in one Olympic Games. Along with teammates Aaron Peirsol, Jason Lezak, and Brendan Hansen, Phelps helped the American team to best the previous world record (also held by the United States, set at the 2004 Athens Games) by 1.34 seconds, setting a new world record of 3:29.34, 0.7 seconds ahead of second-place Australia. Phelps' split of 50.1 seconds was the fastest split in this event in history.

Honors and awards

Sources:

• World Swimmer of the Year Award: 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007
• American Swimmer of the Year Award: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007
• Golden Goggle Male Performance of the Year: 2004, 2006, 2007
• Golden Goggle Relay Performance of the Year: 2006, 2007
• Golden Goggle Male Athlete of the Year: 2004, 2007
• ESPY Best Olympic Performance: 2005
• USOC Athlete of the Year Award: 2004
• USSA Athlete of the Year Award: 2003
• World Championships Swimmer of the Meet: 2003
• James E. Sullivan Award: 2003
• Teen Choice Awards - Male Athlete: 2005
• Laureus World Sports Sportsman of the Year Award (Nominated): 2004, 2005, 2008
• USA Olympic Team Member: 2000, 2004, 2008
• Holds the record for most Olympic gold-medals: 14
• Holds the record for most Olympic gold-medals in individual events: 10
• Holds the record for most Olympic gold-medals at a single games: 8
• Street in his hometown of Baltimore was re-named 'The Michael Phelps Way': 2004

Major achievements

International events

LC: long course - 50 m pool; SC: short course - 25 m pool.

(WR) - World Record, (OR) - Olympic Record, (AR) - American Record

U.S. national titles

With 38 national titles as of 2007, Phelps is beginning to approach the record of 48 held by Tracy Caulkins.

Meters Nationals (38+5):

50 m free (1): '07 SCN

100 m free (4): '07 WIN, '05 SPG, '04 SPG, '03 SUM

200 m free (7): '07 SUM (US), '06 SUM, '05 SUM, '05 SPG, '04 SPG, '03 SUM (AR), '03 SPG

400 m free (2): '05 SPG, '03 SUM (AR)

100 m back (1): '07 SUM (US)

200 m back (4): '07 SUM (US), '04 SPG, '03 SUM, '03 SPG

100 m fly (7): '07 SUM, '06 SUM, '05 SPG, '04 SPG (US), '03 SPG, '02 SUM (AR), ’01 SUM

200 m fly (4): '06 SUM, '05 SUM, '02 SUM (US), '01 SPG (WR)

200 m IM (6): '06 SUM, '05 SPG, '04 SPG, '03 SUM (WR), '02 SUM (AR), ’01 SUM

400 m IM (2): '06 SUM, '02 SUM (WR)

4 x 100 m medley (2): '07 SUM, '06 SUM

4 x 100 m free (2): '07 SUM, '05 SUM

4 x 200 m free (1): '05 SUM (US)

Yards Nationals (2+1):

100 yd free (1): '07 SCYN

200 yd free (1): '07 SCYN

4 x 200 yd (180 m) free (1): '07 SCYN (AR)

• Relays do not count as individual national titles.
• USA Swimming is currently in the process of moving away from having two National Championships per year to only one. As a result, he has not and may not attend many more Spring Nationals.

Records and rankings

Currently held records

World records

With 32 world records (26 individual, 6 relay), as of August 2008, Phelps is approaching Mark Spitz's record of 33 world records (26 individual, 7 relay). All of the records were set in a long course (50 meter) pool; records that currently stand are indicated in bold.

with Aaron Peirsol, Brendan Hansen, and Jason Lezak

with Neil Walker, Cullen Jones, and Jason Lezak

with Ryan Lochte, Klete Keller, and Peter Vanderkaay

with Garrett Weber-Gale, Cullen Jones, and Jason Lezak

with Ryan Lochte, Ricky Berens, and Peter Vanderkaay

Best times and all-time event rankings

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See also

• World record progression 200 metres freestyle
• World record progression 100 metres butterfly
• World record progression 200 metres butterfly
• World record progression 200 metres medley
• World record progression 400 metres medley
• World record progression 4x100 metres freestyle relay
• World record progression 4x200 metres freestyle relay
• World record progression 4x100 metres medley relay
• List of multiple Olympic gold medalists

References

1. Harris, Nick. "'Baltimore Bullet' has history in his sights". Baltimore Sun. 2008-08-11.
2. Celizic, Mike. "Phelps officially world's greatest athlete ever". MSNBC News. 2008-08-15
3. "2004 Olympic Games swimming results". Retrieved 2007-07-22.
4. "Phelps wins fifth gold; drops out of relay". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2004-08-21.
5. ^ Kevin Van Valkenburg (2008-08-03). "Phelps' voyage". The Baltimore Sun. pp. 1A, 16A–17A. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
6. ^ "USA Swimming — Michael Phelps". U.S. Olympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
7. Paul McMullen, Amazing Pace: The Story of Olympic Champion Michael Phelps from Sydney to Athens to Beijing. New York: Rodale, Inc., 2006.
8. "Olympic Champ Sentenced For DUI". CBS News. 2004-12-29. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
9. "Michael Phelps". Ask Men. Retrieved 2008-05-25.
10. Kevin Van Valkenburg (2008-05-11). "Phelps returns to attend NBAC fundraiser". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2008-05-26. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
11. "Phelps' debut lives up to star-spangled expectation". NBC Sports. 2008-08-10.
12. Garside, Kevin (August 15 2008). "Profile: Michael Phelps - A normal guy from another planet". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved August 15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
13. Parry, Steve (August 13 2008). "What makes Phelps so special?". BBC. Retrieved August 15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
14. Paul McMullen, Measure of a Swimmer, Baltimore Sun, 9 March 2004
15. "Michael Phelps is now the top Olympian of all time. Here's what it takes". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
16. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601079&refer=home&sid=ab99z7qJiaqI
17. Paul McMullen (2001-05-09). "Phelps marks his time Swimming: Towson High's Michael Phelps now counts a butterfly world record, as well as his participation in the 2000 Olympics, as his biggest thrills". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
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28. "Thorpe steals Phelps' thunder". BBC Sport. 2004-08-17. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
29. "United States Olympic Committee - SWIMMING: Matsunichi Signs Global Endorsement Contract with Michael Phelps".
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36. "Sixth gold for unstoppable Phelps". BBC. 2008-08-15.
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38. "Men's 4 x 100m Medley Relay -- Final". Beijing 2008. 2008-08-16.
39. Svrluga, Barry. "Phelps Sets Olympic Record". The Washington Post. 2008-08-09.
40. "Men's 4 x 100 m Freestyle Relay -- Final". NBC. 2008-08-11.
41. "Phelps breaks 200 free world record by nearly a second". ESPN. 2008-08-12.
42. Dillman, Lisa. "Michael Phelps swims into uncharted waters". Los Angeles Times. 2008-08-13.
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44. Wilson, Stephen (2008-08-16). "Phenomenal Phelps wins 7th gold by 0.01 seconds to tie Spitz". Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-08-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
45. "Men's 4 x 200 m Freestyle Relay -- Final". NBC. 2008-08-13.
46. "Men's 200 m Individual Medley -- Final". NBC. 2008-08-15.
47. Harris, Beth (8/16/08). "Phelps swims into history, winning 7th gold medal". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 8/16/08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
48. Crouse, Karen (16 August 2008), "Phelps Wins 7th Gold with 0.01 to Spare", New York Times.
49. "Phelps ties Spitz’s record with seventh gold medal…barely", Sports Illustrated, 16 August 2008.
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56. "Montreal 2005 Results". Retrieved 2007-06-09.

External links

• Michael Phelps official web site
• Biography at USA Swimming
• Michael Phelps at Team USA (archived)
• Stroke by Stroke: How Michael Phelps turbocharged his repertoire (photos).
• Michael Phelps breaks his own 400 m IM record
• Michael Phelps at IMDb
• Videos & Results on SwimPassion.net
• Michael Phelps Video on ESPN Video Archive
• "Michael Phelps", n°3 on Time’s list of "100 Olympic Athletes To Watch"

Records
Preceded by Tom Malchow	Men's 200 metre butterfly world record holder (long course) March 30, 2001 – present	Succeeded byIncumbent
Preceded by Tom Dolan	Men's 400 metre individual medley world record holder (long course) August 15, 2002 – present	Succeeded byIncumbent
Preceded by Jani Sievinen	Men's 200 metre individual medley world record holder (long course) June 29, 2003 – present	Succeeded byIncumbent
Preceded by Andriy Serdinov	Men's 100 metre butterfly world record holder (long course) July 25, 2003 – July 26, 2003	Succeeded byIan Crocker
Preceded by Ian Thorpe	Men's 200 metre freestyle world record holder (long course) March 27, 2007 – present	Succeeded byIncumbent
Preceded byIan Thorpe	World Swimmer of the Year 2003–2004	Succeeded byGrant Hackett
Preceded byGrant Hackett	World Swimmer of the Year 2006–2007	Succeeded byincumbent

{{subst:#if:Phelps, Michael|}} [[Category:{{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1985}}

|| UNKNOWN | MISSING = Year of birth missing {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:LIVING}}||LIVING=(living people)}}
| #default = 1985 births

}}]] {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:LIVING}}

|| LIVING  = 
| MISSING  = 
| UNKNOWN  = 
| #default = 

}}

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• Living people
• LIVING deaths
• Swimming World World Swimmers of the Year
• American butterfly swimmers
• American freestyle swimmers
• American medley swimmers
• American swimmers
• Olympic swimmers of the United States
• World record holders in swimming
• Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
• Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
• Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
• Olympic gold medalists for the United States
• Olympic bronze medalists for the United States
• University of Michigan athletics
• James E. Sullivan Award recipients
• People from Baltimore, Maryland