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The Autocephalous Church of Poland, commonly known as the Polish Orthodox Church, is one of the independent Orthodox churches. The church was established in 1924 to accommodate Orthodox Christians, predominantly Ukrainians and Belarusians in the eastern part of the country, when Poland regained its independence after the First World War. The establishment of the church met with protest from the Patriarch of Russia. After the Second World War most of these territories were annexed by the Soviet Union, leaving a much smaller number of Church members within Poland. In 1948 the Church was granted a new charter of autocephaly by the Russian Patriarchate.

The church is headed by the Metropolitan of Warsaw. It is divided into six dioceses: Warsaw and Bielsk, Bialystok and Gdansk, Lódz and Poznan, Wroclaw and Szczecin, Lublin and Chelm, and Przemysl and Nowy Sacz. It has approximately one million adherents.

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