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Indiana DYKs

... that the power station that powered the Terminal Arcade's interurbans from 1907 to 1940 had a 999-year lease?

... that the Abbott-Holloway Farm has two of the only four pre-1840 buildings in Bethlehem, Indiana, that were not destroyed by fire or tornado?

... that two-thirds of pioneers arriving in Indiana from Louisville used the Buffalo Trace to settle the state?

... that the Bell Ford Bridge was the last Post Truss covered bridge to still stand, collapsing in January 2006?

... that the Grand Lodge of Indiana was started at the Schofield House of Madison, Indiana's historic district on January 13, 1818?

... that Stream Cliff Farm is the oldest herb farm in Indiana?

... that the Crawford-Gilpin House is alleged to have once changed owners due to being lost as a wager in a poker game?

... that the residents of Tippecanoe, Indiana in 1860 built a new school right next to a preexisting cemetery?

... that an Indianapolis architect was sent to Château de Malmaison to replicate a copy of it in Indianapolis' Washington Park neighborhood?

... that the base of the main memorial (pictured) at George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, designed by Frederic Charles Hirons, has a dirt floor?

... that an owner of the DeForest Skinner House was once the youngest railroad director in the United States?

... that Harold's Steer-In in Indianapolis' North Irvington Gardens Historic District was the site of a 2005 MasterCard commercial featuring quarterback Peyton Manning?

... that the Dr. Nelson Wilson House is unusual for having Eastlake stickwork done in brick instead of wood?

... that construction of the courthouse (pictured) of the Rochester Downtown Historic District may have spurred nearby buildings to have faux stones cemented upon them?

... that the first fire department in Indianapolis was established seventeen months after the first fire in the city?

... that Pryor Brock Farmstead is the best representation of a farmstead, with Italianate buildings, around Zionsville, Indiana?

... that Vic Aldridge, nicknamed the "Hoosier Schoolmaster", had the worst seventh game start for a pitcher in World Series history?

... that despite holding "front-porch" speeches at his house (pictured) during his presidential campaign in 1888, Benjamin Harrison's home would not have a front porch until 1896?

... that five thousand people went to Eugene V. Debs' home to attend his funeral sermon in 1926?

... that Indiana's Morgan-Monroe State Forest features gold panning?

... that large sandstone boulders rest atop trees in Yellowwood State Forest (example pictured) and no one knows how they got there?

... that Hardy Lake is Indiana's smallest reservoir at 741 acres of surface area?

... that the state of Indiana in 1972 set aside 6,000 acres (2,400 ha) of Hoosier National Forest just for the purpose of reintroducing wild turkey to the Hoosier state?

... that Indiana's Muscatatuck State Park was the first Indiana state park to need no additional financial assistance, even through it never charged admission?

... that the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service paid for the establishment of Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge, along the Muscatatuck River, by selling waterfowl stamps?

... that a Confederate scouting party entered Indiana in June 1863 dressed as an Union army patrol searching for deserters?

... that Indiana's state parks were initially designed to preserve their natural state, but gradually began to include recreational activities?

... that DePauw Avenue Historic District, New Albany, Indiana, was once the summer estate of the man who owned two thirds of the plate glass business of the United States?

... that 37 people were killed during construction of the Big Four Bridge (pictured) connecting Louisville, Kentucky to Jeffersonville, Indiana across the Ohio River?

...that two US Presidents, Thomas Jefferson and William Henry Harrison, are responsible for the layout of the Old Jeffersonville Historic District?

...that Shelby Place Historic District was begun due to the woodworking industries that revitalized New Albany, Indiana?

...that New Albany, Indiana's Cedar Bough Place is the only "private street" in a city near Louisville, Kentucky?

....that attractions at Indianapolis, Indiana's White City Amusement Park included baby incubators and a Mount Vesuvius reenactment?

...that 150 Irish from Indianapolis participated in the Fenian raids, an attempt to invade Canada from Buffalo, New York in 1866?

...that the Indiana state constitution specifically states that Indianapolis' Military Park can never be sold?

...that it took 38 years to build the Indiana World War Memorial (pictured), which deteriorated during its building?

...that the Murat Centre is the only Shrine temple with a French name, and is the largest Shrine temple in North America?

...that the Zouave Guards of Indianapolis volunteered to fight before the American Civil War broke out, but their leader Francis A. Shoup (pictured) switched sides and joined the Confederates before the war began?

...that a blue line marks where Pogue's Run once ran through downtown Indianapolis?

...that the Indiana Medical History Museum is the oldest surviving pathology laboratory in the U.S.?

...that Indiana's White River Park were the first state games to feature regional qualifiers instead of tryouts?

...that the Battle of Pogue's Run was done to prevent Democrats from rising against the American Civil War in Indiana?

...that four Indiana counties gave land to create Whitewater Memorial State Park as a memorial to fallen American soldiers of World War II?

...that Clark State Forest was Indiana's largest Civilian Conservation Corps cantonment?

...that Caesars Indiana's The Glory of Rome is the largest riverboat in North America, and the largest riverboat casino in the world?

...that the only New Deal housing project with spacious, wide-open areas was Lockefield Gardens?

...that visitors to James Whitcomb Riley's boyhood home inspired Riley to write many of his poems, including Little Orphant Annie?

...that the construction of the James Whitcomb Riley Museum Home was paid for by the owner's contract to supply hardtack to Union troops in the American Civil War?

...that famed Hoosier poet James Whitcomb Riley would regularly supply the children of the Lockerbie Square with candy on his walks?

...that Indiana state governor Frank O'Bannon stayed at Fort Harrison State Park while the governor's mansion was being made handicapped-accessible?

...that residents of Indianapolis came to the aid of Confederate prisoners of war at Camp Morton, providing food, clothing, and nursing?

...that Jacob Piatt Dunn in 1886 wrote the first scholarly history concerning the Indian Wars?

...that Indianapolis' Garfield Park Conservatory was the first glass and welded-aluminum conservatory in the United States?

...that the Indiana Historical Society is the oldest state historical society west of the Allegheny Mountains?

...that Adam R. Johnson's Newburgh Raid, using two stovepipes, charred wood, a broken wagon, and only 27 men, resulted in the first capture of a northern town in the American Civil War?

...that no commercial boat has beaten the steamboat Robert E. Lee's 1870 speed record between New Orleans and St. Louis of 90 hours and 14 minutes to this day?

...that during the American Civil War, Indiana, a Northern state, saw one township secede from the Union?

...that Indianapolis's Scottish Rite Cathedral is the largest building dedicated to Freemasonry in the United States, and features many measurements in multiples of 33?

...that New Harmony's Atheneum is named after the ancient Greek temple to the goddess Athena, the Athenaion?

...that only eight of the planned 296 miles of the Indiana Central Canal were built, due to Indiana being bankrupted by the Panic of 1837?

...that the establishment of Camp Joe Holt, the first significant act to keep Kentucky from fully seceding to the Confederate States of America, had to be done in Indiana?

...that despite having only $300,000 to the incumbent's $4 million in campaign funds, Greg Ballard won the 2007 mayoral election in Indianapolis, one of the biggest electoral upsets in Indiana history?

...that Parke County, Indiana bills itself as the Covered Bridge Capital of the World because it has more covered bridges than any other county in the United States?

...that slavery existed in Indiana as late as 1840, even though Indiana was always a free state above the Mason-Dixon line, and slavery had been outlawed in the region due to the Northwest Ordinance in 1787?

...that German-born Richard Lieber, the founder of Indiana state parks, started the trend of American state parks having inns and charging fees for using the parks, so that citizens would appreciate them more?

...that the Kintner-Withers House's Cedar Farm is the only antebellum plantation in the state of Indiana?

...that in 1996 Andy Campbell, a ranger serving as Tunnel Mill Scout Reservation's caretaker, was shot to death by a wandering drunk who trespassed onto the property, the first such incident in the history of Scouting?

Kentucky DYKs

... that the Confederate Monument (pictured) in Murray, Kentucky, is the only Civil War Monument in Kentucky to prominently feature Robert E. Lee?

... that the Confederate Monument in Owensboro, Kentucky was sculpted by a Hungarian?

... that the first railroad depot in Stanford, Kentucky, was built due to a compromise between Union general Ambrose Burnside and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad?

... that the Confederate Memorial in Nicholasville, Kentucky, took sixteen years to fund, and was originally a statue of a Union soldier?

... that the Confederate Memorial in Fulton, Kentucky is the only one in the state with a statue atop an arch?

... that in November 1864, Camp Nelson′s Union soldiers forced 400 ex-slaves outside its shelter, resulting in 102 exposure deaths?

... that the Confederate Memorial Gateway in Hickman, Kentucky took ten years and US$10,000 to build?

... that the Union Station in Owensboro, Kentucky was once turned into a discothèque and a pizza parlor?

... that memorials to the Confederacy in Mayfield, Kentucky include a fountain and a series of cemetery gates?

... that Kentucky's Paducah Freight House was bigger than required because it was originally intended to service a larger rail network?

... that a riot at Paducah, Kentucky's Woolfolk Home led to Ulysses S. Grant's promotion above his superior officer, Brigadier General Charles Ferguson Smith?

... that Paducah, Kentucky's Lloyd Tilghman Memorial honors a Marylander, and was built by an English immigrant from Boston?

... that Camp Beauregard, an American Civil War camp in western Kentucky, was abandoned in less than six months due to over 1,000 cases of typhoid and pneumonia?

... that the Wooldridge Monuments have been dubbed "The Strange Procession Which Never Moves"?

... that the Colonel Robert A. Smith Monument, which honors Smith and the 10th Mississippi Infantry, is believed to be the second-biggest single-stone monument in the United States?

... that the William Forst House was the site where the Confederate government of Kentucky was founded, commemorated nearby with the Confederate Monument in Russellville?

... that among Lexington, Kentucky's contributions to the American Civil War were residents U.S. First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln and Confederate leaders John C. Breckinridge and John Hunt Morgan?

... that the Russellville Historic District in Kentucky, U.S. is the site of the first documented bank robbery of Jesse James?

... that visitors to the Old Talbott Tavern in Bardstown, Kentucky's historic district included King Louis-Philippe of France and Queen Marie of Romania?

... that horseshoeing was among the courses taught at the Masonic University?

... that D. W. Griffith bought a house for his mother that had been used as a funeral home?

... that Rob Morris's first home in La Grange, Kentucky was burned to the ground, and his books had to be saved by the Union army?

... that Kentucky judge John Milton Elliott was murdered by a fellow judge after adjudicating in a case involving the latter's sister?

... that magazines like the Southern Bivouac and the Southern Historical Society Papers helped to spread the belief of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy?

... that Confederate spy Thomas Hines (pictured, left) had to escape Detroit by ferryboat due to being confused with assassin John Wilkes Booth (pictured, right)?

... that after switching sides multiple times during the American Civil War, Benjamin Anderson committed suicide, saying he "would prefer being dead than disgraced"?

... that although on private property, the Unknown Confederate Dead Monument (pictured) outside Perryville, Kentucky was built by the federal government sixty-six years after the battle?

... that the Confederate Monument in Perryville was built by the government of Kentucky to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Battle of Perryville, and 5,000–10,000 people attended its dedication?

... that the Union Monument in Perryville is one of only seven monuments in Kentucky dedicated to Union soldiers, and it took an act of Congress to build it?

... that singer Elvis Presley (pictured) is said to have made an impromptu performance at Colonial Gardens in Louisville's Senning's Park, while visiting his nearby grandparents?

... that the Masonic Widows and Orphans Home, founded by the Grand Lodge of Kentucky, is the oldest Masonic Home foundation in North America?

... that Riverside Drive Historic District in Covington, Kentucky marks where the first white settlers in the Cincinnati area lived?

... that the Louisville and Nashville Railroad Office Building in Louisville, Kentucky is one of the largest commercial Beaux Arts buildings still in existence?

... that Jenny Wiley State Resort Park is named after a woman who escaped from Cherokees, after her three-month-old child was killed by tomahawk?

... that less than an acre remains of the original 400-acre (160 ha) property of the Zachary Taylor House, built by Richard Taylor?

... that the United States owns all of Zachary Taylor National Cemetery, except where Zachary Taylor and his family are actually buried?

... that Taylorsville Lake State Park is the most heavily stocked lake in Kentucky?

... that the Latham Confederate Monument of Hopkinsville, Kentucky was supposed to honor both Confederate and Union soldiers?

... that the L & N Railroad depot in Hopkinsville, Kentucky's commercial district was a popular stop on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad due to the fact that one could legally purchase alcohol there?

... that Hopkinsville, Kentucky's tribute to Confederate veterans was a public drinking fountain?

... that 13 separate churches served the German population of Louisville in the 19th century?

... that the oldest firehouse still standing in Louisville, Kentucky was once a church?

... that the Captain Andrew Offutt Monument barely mentioning Sherman's March to the Sea makes it only one of two Civil War related monuments in Kentucky to stress strong Union sentiment?

... that among the ways the citizens of Danville, Kentucky memorialized Confederate forces locally included givng up their own grave plots?

... that the Colored Soldiers Monument in Frankfort, Kentucky is the only one dedicated to Black Union soldiers in Kentucky, and only one of four in the United States?

... that Kentucky's Livermore Bridge starts and ends in McLean County, but passes over two rivers and Ohio County to reach its destination?

... that the oldest courthouse west of the Allegheny Mountains is in the historic district of Greensburg, Kentucky?

... that Jimmy Doolittle commanded a 22 plane demonstration celebrating the opening of Henderson, Kentucky's Audubon Memorial Bridge in 1932?

... that Kentucky's Union County largely supported the Confederacy in the Civil War and built a monument to its Confederate dead afterwards?

... that the 1911 Confederate Dedication Day ceremony key speakers at the Battle of Tebb's Bend Monument were former Union officers?

... that the Confederate-Union Veterans' Monument in Morgantown, Kentucky was built due to the feelings of reconciliation following the Spanish-American War?

... that Union general Stephen G. Burbridge spent many years trying to remove the letters CSA from the Thompson and Powell Martyrs Monument (pictured)?

... that Ulysses S. Grant sent his family to live in the Licking Riverside neighborhood of Covington, Kentucky in 1862?

... that Theodore O'Hara's Bivouac of the Dead, popularized in American Civil War memorials, was actually written for fallen Kentucky soldiers in Latin America a decade before the War?

... that the portrait bust of the Beriah Magoffin Monument in Harrodsburg, Kentucky was built in Neoclassical style, a style more commonly used a century before the monument was constructed?

... that Daniel Carter Beard's boyhood home was a nurses' dormitory when it became a National Historic Landmark?

... that the first public library in Covington, Kentucky was built by its Trinity Episcopal Church?

... that the G.A.R. Monument in Covington, Kentucky is the only American Civil War monument in the Bluegrass state shaped like a sarcophagus?

... that the Veteran's Monument in Covington in Kentucky is the state's only Civil War platform memorial and also the only one referring to that conflict as the "War Between the States"?

...that the first refuge from malaria that residents of Memphis, Tennessee had in 1878 was Bowling Green's Louisville and Nashville Railroad Station?

...that the Confederate Monument of Glasgow, Kentucky honors Confederate soldiers of Glasgow and Barren County, Kentucky, who won more Southern Cross of Honors than those from any other Kentucky county?

...that the Bourbon County Confederate Monument (pictured) is unique for being shaped like a thirty-foot (nine-meter) chimney?

...that the French once had an outpost called La Belle, where Louisville now stands?

...that the Confederate Monument in Cynthiana, Kentucky was the first monument to the Confederate States of America in Kentucky, and long believed to be the first one anywhere?

...that three-foot tall stone slabs were placed every five miles to mark the boundary between Kentucky and Tennessee?

...that when built in 1868, Louisville's Fourteenth Street Bridge was the longest iron bridge in the United States?

...that the influx of Irish to Louisville (example of Irish-built housing pictured) led to the diminishing of slaves in Louisville by 1860?

...that the Kentucky Irish American counted among its subscribers Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman?

...that Basil W. Duke became the chief consul and lobbyist for the L&N Railroad after the American Civil War, even though he led many efforts in destroying their property during the war?

...that the hiring of Tom Jurich by the University of Louisville was dubbed "the most significant day in the recent history of college sports in Kentucky"?

...that eighteen fallen Confederate soldiers were moved when the Confederate Monument in Georgetown was dedicated?

...that the oldest black church in Kentucky is the Second Christian Church in Midway, Kentucky's historic district?

...that most of the American Civil War events in Midway, Kentucky, including that which the Martyrs Monument in Midway commemorates, involved the stealing of horses?

...that Louisville's Union Station was reported to be the largest such facility in the southern United States?

...that the United States Navy's Naval Ordnance Station in Louisville, Kentucky was chosen due to being so far inland as to prevent enemy airstrikes?

...that Bullitt's Lick was the first industry and supplier of salt in what is now the Commonwealth of Kentucky?

...that the Pewee Valley Confederate Memorial 7is the only American Civil War obelisk monument in Kentucky to be made of zinc?

...that the hollow log pipes of the 1787 Mann's Lick salt furnace allegedly still existed in the 1940s?

...that over 10,000 people attended the 1876 dedication of the Confederate Monument in Bowling Green, Kentucky?

...that the Unknown Confederate Soldier Monument in Hart County, Kentucky is unique for being built with geodes, and for honoring a Louisiana soldier who died accidentally by his own rifle?

...that the story of Stephen Foster visiting what is now My Old Kentucky Home State Park may have started in order to raise the sale value of the property?

...that Queen Elizabeth II was given a Louisville Stoneware musical box at the 2007 Kentucky Derby?

...that none of Louisville's fortifications for the American Civil War were ever used, as Louisville was never endangered while they existed?

..that the St. James-Belgravia Historic District of Louisville, Kentucky, the site of the 1883-87 Southern Exposition, has buildings modeled after London's Belgravia?

...that the statue of King Louis XVI built in 1829, currently at the Metro Hall in Louisville, Kentucky, was endangered by the Second French Revolution in 1830?

...that the traditional song Happy Birthday to You was first sung at the Little Loomhouse of Louisville, Kentucky?

...that Louisville's Eleven Jones Cave is the only known location for the Louisville cave beetle, Pseudanophthalmus troglodytes?

...that the Ladies' Confederate Memorial in Lexington, Kentucky was described by Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper as "the most perfect thing of its kind in the South"?

...that only 10% of the monuments to the American Civil War in Kentucky were dedicated to Union forces, even through the state produced 90,000 Union troops compared to 35,000 for the Confederacy?

...that the Rowan County War resulted in 20 deaths, talk of dissolving Rowan County, Kentucky, and the founding of what would become Morehead State University?

...that American Civil War leader William Tecumseh Sherman said, "No single body of men can claim more honor for the grand result than the officers and men of the Louisville Legion"?

...that John Hunt Morgan's beloved mare, Black Bess, was portrayed as a stallion in the John Hunt Morgan Memorial, as its sculptor, Pompeo Coppini, believed "No hero should bestride a mare!"?

...that the Prussian Nicola Marschall was the designer of the Confederate States of America's first flag, the Stars & Bars?

...that the United States Marine Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky is considered the best remaining antebellum hospital in the US?

...that the Louisville Water Tower is the oldest ornamental water tower in the world?

...that the 32nd Indiana Monument at Cave Hill Cemetery is the oldest surviving monument of the American Civil War?

...that the average speed of the contestants in the Great Steamboat Race, held each year before the Kentucky Derby, is only 7 miles per hour?

Elsewhere

... that secessionists in St. Augustine, Florida, captured the town's fort (pictured) three days before Florida actually seceded from the United States?

... that American Civil War soldiers celebrated Christmas by using salt pork and hardtack as ornaments on Christmas trees?

...that George Julian Zolnay (pictured), the so-called "sculptor of the Confederacy," was actually Hungarian and did not move to the United States until decades after the Confederacy had ceased to exist?

... that among the ghost sightings involving the American Civil War are a ghost reenacting one of his defeats in a battle that took place 415 miles (668 km) away?

... that The Witchery of Archery, written by Maurice Thompson in 1878, was the first book about hunting with a bow ever published?

... that only three novels catering to soldiers' sexual proclivities during the American Civil War are known to still exist?

... that the American Civil War saw buglers (infantry band pictured) required to learn forty-nine separate calls for infantry alone?

... that salt workers in the Confederate States of America were immune from being drafted?

... that the Alabama Confederate Soldiers Home was the only home for Confederate veterans in Alabama?

... that over 3,000 Nebraskans participated in the American Civil War, though only 35 were killed in action?

... that due to the American Civil War, the Bahamas saw imports increase by a factor of 23, and exports increase by a factor of 29.6?

... that Union Army officials offered US$5,000 for the scalp of Confederate Cherokee William Holland Thomas?

... that Abraham Lincoln called the Beefsteak Raid "the slickest piece of cattle-stealing" he ever heard of?

... that the last Confederate general to surrender, Stand Watie, did so in Oklahoma?

... that the last living veteran of the Civil War in Idaho died in 1952?

... that Union general John A. Logan seized a Confederate general's house as his headquarters in Columbia, South Carolina in 1865?

... that Charles Dickens once wrote that in Civil War-era Montana, a town was to be named after Varina Davis, the first lady of the Confederate States of America?

... that the Cheonhado is a type of circular world map developed in Korea during the 17th century that displays both real and fictional places?

... that after a gift of candles they sent was mentioned on the Rush Limbaugh Show, sales at Wicks n' More increased fivefold?

... that the Friend to Friend Masonic Memorial depicts the historical event of an Union officer aiding a Confederate officer at the Battle of Gettysburg, due to both being Freemasons?

... that Confederate president Jefferson Davis had a young mulatto ward named Jim Limber‎?

... that Andrew Johnson National Cemetery, part of Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, was bequeathed to the public by Andrew Johnson's daughter?

... that Virginia City was the prototype for future urban/industrial boomtowns?

... that Edward, Prince of Wales stayed at Perry Belmont's House in Washington D.C. at the behest of President Woodrow Wilson?

... that the only time a Confederate flag was displayed in Nevada during the American Civil War was over a saloon?

... that some Aleutian natives were still enslaved in Alaska as late as 1903?

... that by the time Fort Scott was completed, it was already obsolete?

... that Eisenhower's home cost more than six times to renovate than it did to purchase, due to union labor and Mamie Eisenhower's whims?

... that soldiers from Fort Benning patrolled the woods around the Little White House during World War II?

... that prehistoric people used the same 89 °F (32 °C) warm springs that Franklin Delano Roosevelt would use in the 20th century?

... that after writing Confederates in the Attic, Tony Horwitz was sued for calling Alberta Martin's husband a deserter in the book?

... that the 27th U.S. President William Howard Taft's boyhood home almost became a funeral parlor?

...that Sailor's Creek Battlefield State Park's Hillsman House still has bloodstains on its floor dating to its use as a hospital after the Battle of Sayler's Creek in April 1865?

...that the South Carolina secessionists had to relocate from their original meeting site at Columbia's First Baptist Church, due to a smallpox outbreak?

...that Jefferson Davis conceded the American Civil War at the Burt-Stark Mansion?

...that the captain of the steamboat Natchez would increase his boat's speed by putting bacon and hog fat in its engines, and giving his men whiskey?