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Revision as of 23:53, 3 November 2005 by 24.18.171.99 (talk)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)Below is a list of the most basic topics in philosophy -- topics which will help the beginner become familiar with the field of philosophy.
Branches of Philosophy
- Axiology {Aesthetics (Philosophy of Art) and Ethics}
- Epistemology
- Logic
- Metaphysics
- Philosophy of education
- Philosophy of language
- Philosophy of law
- Philosophy of mind
- Philosophy of perception
- Philosophy of history
- Philosophy of religion
- Philosophy of science
- Political philosophy
- Social philosophy
Influential philosophers
- Thomas Aquinas
- Aristotle
- Francis Bacon
- Roger Bacon
- Jeremy Bentham
- Confucius
- Democritus
- René Descartes
- John Dewey
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Epicurus
- Galileo Galilei
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- Martin Heidegger
- Thomas Hobbes
- David Hume
- William James
- Immanuel Kant
- Soren Kierkegaard
- Laozi
- John Locke
- Maimonides
- Karl Marx
- John Stuart Mill
- Ernest Nagel
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- William of Ockham
- Charles Sanders Peirce
- Plato
- Ayn Rand
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Bertrand Russell
- Jean-Paul Sartre
- Moritz Schlick
- Arthur Schopenhauer
- Socrates
- Benedictus de Spinoza
- Vienna Circle
- Ludwig Wittgenstein
Basic philosophical concepts
A priori -- A posteriori -- abduction -- absolute -- Aesthetics -- Age of Enlightenment -- Agnosticism -- Altruism -- Ambiguity -- American Philosophical Association -- analytic philosophy -- Aristotle -- atheism -- awareness -- axiom --
being -- belief -- Buddhist philosophy --
causality -- Cogito, ergo sum -- consciousness -- cosmogony -- cosmology -- continental philosophy -- creation --
deconstruction -- deduction -- determinism -- dialectics -- dualism --
Eastern philosophy -- epistemic justification -- epistemology -- ethical relativism -- ethics -- existentialism -- existence evil -- evolution -- existence --
good --
idealism -- Indian philosophy -- induction -- inference --
knowledge --
law of non-contradiction -- logic --
Marxism -- materialism -- meaning of life -- metaphysics -- monism -- moral absolutism -- morality --
nature -- nihilism -- noumenon --
ontology -- origin beliefs --
pantheism -- perception -- perception -- phenomenon (a la Kant) -- philosopher -- philosophy -- physicalism -- Plato -- Plato's Republic or The Republic of Plato -- Platonism -- pluralism -- positivism (also: logical empiricism; logical positivism) -- pragmatism --
realism -- reality -- relativism -- Republic --
scholasticism -- semantics -- skepticism (or scepticism) -- social contract -- solipsism -- sophistry -- stoicism -- spirituality -- Symposium (by Plato) --
tabula rasa -- thing in itself or thing-in-itself -- Thus Spoke Zarathustra --
universals (problem of) -- utilitarianism --
virtue -- virtue ethics --
Doctrines and schools of philosophy
absolutism -- accidentalism -- aestheticism -- agnosticism -- altruism -- anarchism -- animism -- anthropomorphism -- aristotelianism -- asceticism -- atheism -- atomism -- authoritarianism -- automatism
capitalism -- Cartesianism -- christianism -- classicism -- collectivism -- communalism -- communism -- communitarianism -- conceptualism -- Confucianism -- consequentialism -- constructivism -- cynicism
deconstructionism -- defeatism -- deism -- deontologism -- determinism -- dialectical materialism -- dogmatism -- dualism -- dynamism
eclecticism -- egalitarianism -- egoism -- emanationism -- emotivism -- empiricism -- epicureanism -- epiphenomenalism -- essentialism -- eudaimonism -- existentialism -- expressionism -- externalism
fatalism -- fideism -- formalism -- foundationalism -- Freudianism -- functionalism
hedonism -- Hegelianism -- henotheism -- historicism -- holism -- humanism
idealism -- immortalism -- indeterminism -- individualism -- instrumentalism -- intellectualism -- internalism -- intuitionism -- irrationalism
legalism -- liberalism -- libertarianism -- logical Positivism -- logicism
marxism -- materialism -- mechanism -- mentalism -- meliorism -- modernism -- monism -- monotheism -- moral absolutism -- moral relativism -- mysticism
naturalism -- necessitarianism -- neo-Confucianism -- neo-Platonism -- nihilism -- nominalism
objectivism -- optimism -- organicism
pacifism -- panpsychism -- pantheism -- perspectivism -- pessimism -- phenomenalism -- physicalism -- platonism -- pluralism -- polytheism -- positivism -- post modernism -- pragmatism -- prescriptivism -- probabilism -- psychologism -- pythagoreanism
rationalism -- realism -- reductionism -- relativism -- representationalism -- romanticism
scholasticism -- scientism -- secularism -- sensationalism -- skepticism -- social Darwinism -- socialism -- solipsism -- sophism -- spiritualism -- stoicism -- subjectivism -- syncretism
taoism -- theism -- thomism -- totalitarianism -- transcendentalism
General Online Philosophy Resources
- Introducing Philosophy Series. By Paul Newall (for beginners)
- Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names
- The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Guide to Philosophy on the Internet