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Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev Дмитрий Анатольевич Медведев
President of Russia
Incumbent
Assumed office 7 May 2008
Prime Minister	Viktor Zubkov Vladimir Putin
Preceded by	Vladimir Putin
Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
In office 14 November 2005 – 12 May 2008Serving with Sergei Ivanov
Prime Minister	Mikhail Fradkov Viktor Zubkov Vladimir Putin
Preceded by	Office created
Succeeded by	Viktor Zubkov Igor Shuvalov
Personal details
Born	(1965-09-14) 14 September 1965 (age 59) Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia)
Political party	Independent (formally) Endorsements: United Russia Fair Russia Agrarian Party Civilian Power
Spouse	Svetlana Medvedeva (née Linnik)
Children	Ilya Medvedev
Alma mater	Leningrad State University, now Saint Petersburg State University
Occupation	Politician Manager Lawyer
Signature
Website	Russian version English version

Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (Template:Audio-ru, Dmitrij Anatol′jevič Medvedev; Russian pronunciation: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj ɐnɐˈtolʲjɪvʲɪtɕ mʲɪˈdvʲedʲɪf]; born 14 September 1965) is the third and current President of Russia, inaugurated on 7 May 2008. He won the presidential election held on 2 March 2008 with about 70% of the popular vote.

Medvedev was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian government on 14 November 2005. Formerly Vladimir Putin's chief of presidential staff, he was also the Chairman of Gazprom's board of directors, a post he had held, for the second time, since 2000. Medvedev's candidacy was backed by then President Vladimir Putin. On 10 December 2007, he was informally endorsed as a candidate for the forthcoming presidential elections by the largest Russian political party, United Russia and several pro-presidential parties, and officially endorsed by United Russia on 17 December 2007. A technocrat and political appointee, Medvedev had never held elective office before 2008.

Early life

Medvedev was born to Professor of the Leningrad Institute of Technology Anatoly Afanasevich Medvedev (November 1926 — 2004) and Yulia Veniaminovna Medvedeva (née Shaposhnikova, born 21 Novermer 1939), and brought up in Kupchino district of Leningrad. He grew up in a 40-square-metre (430 sq ft) flat (which was considered quite large for a family of three in the Soviet Union at that time).

Medvedev was a B student at the secondary school. His future wife, Svetlana Linnik, was his classmate. Medvedev was fond of sports, in particular weightlifting. He was a fan of English bands Black Sabbath and Deep Purple.

He graduated from the Law Department of Leningrad State University in 1987 (together with Ilya Yeliseyev, Anton Ivanov, Nikolay Vinnichenko and Konstantin Chuychenko) and in 1990 received his PhD in private law from the graduate school of the same university. Anatoly Sobchak, an early democratic politician of the 1980s and 1990s, was one of his professors, and Medvedev later participated in Sobchak's successful Saint Petersburg mayoral campaign. In 1990 he worked in Leningrad Municipal Soviet of People's Deputies under the supervision of Vladimir Putin. Vladimir Churov, later the head of the President election committee, also started under Putin at that time.

Between 1991 and 1999 Medvedev, in addition to his business activities and participation in the Saint Petersburg City Administration, held a position of docent at his alma mater university, now renamed to Saint Petersburg State University.

Business and political career before presidency

From 1991 to 1996 Medvedev worked as a legal expert for the International Relations Committee (IRC) of the Saint Petersburg Mayor's Office headed by Vladimir Putin. According to the research of critics of Putin's administration, Yuri Felshtinsky and Vladimir Pribylovsky, the committee was involved in numerous business activities including gambling. The connection with gambling business was established through a municipal enterprise called Neva Chance. Neva Chance became a co-owner of the city gambling establishments with an authorized capital usually of 51%. The mayor's office contributed its share not in money, but "by relinquishing the right to collect rent for the facilities that the casinos occupied." The authors concluded that Medvedev "was one of the first people in Russia as a whole, who figured out how the government could "join" a joint stock company without breaking existing laws: not by contributing land or real estate, but by contributing rents on land and real estate." The Committee headed by Putin was under investigation for illegal commercial operations by a St. Petersburg parliament committee. The committee recommended that Putin be removed from the office and his activities were investigated by the prosecutors.

In November 1993, Medvedev became the legal affairs director of Ilim Pulp Enterprise, a St. Petersburg-based timber company. This enterprise was initially registered as a limited liability partnership, and then re-registered as a closed joint stock company Fincell, "50% of whose shares were owned by Dmitry Medvedev." In 1998, he was also elected a member of the board of directors of the Bratskiy LPK paper mill. He worked for Ilim Pulp until 1999.

In November 1999, Medvedev became one of several people from St. Petersburg brought by Vladimir Putin to top government positions in Moscow. In December of the same year he was appointed deputy head of the presidential staff. Dmitry Medvedev became one of the politicians closest to President Putin, and during the 2000 elections he was Putin's campaign manager.

From 2000 to 2001, Medvedev was chair of Gazprom's board of directors. He was then deputy chair from 2001 to 2002. In June 2002, Medvedev became chair of Gazprom's board of directors for a second time. In October 2003, he replaced Alexander Voloshin as presidential chief of staff. In November 2005, he was appointed by President Vladimir Putin as First Deputy Prime Minister, First Deputy Chairman of the Council for Implementation of the Priority National Projects attached to the President of the Russian Federation, and Chairman of the Council's Presidium. In December 2005, Medvedev was named Person of the Year by Expert magazine, Russian business weekly. He shared the title with Alexei Miller, CEO of Gazprom.

An apparently mild-mannered person, Dmitry Medvedev is considered to be a moderate liberal pragmatic, an able administrator and a loyalist of Putin. He is also known as a leader of "the clan of St.Petersburg lawyers", one of the political groups formed around Vladimir Putin during his presidency. Other members of this group are believed to include the co-owner of the Ilim Pulp Corporation Dmitry Kozak, speaker of Russian Federation Council Sergei Mironov, Yuri Molchanov, and head of Putin's personal security service Viktor Zolotov. In January 2008 Anders Åslund assessed the situation that had evolved in the Kremlin after Medvedev's nomination as highly fractious and fraught with a coup d'état on the part of the siloviki clan—"a classical pre-coup situation".

2008 presidential elections

Following his appointment as First Deputy Prime Minister, many political observers expected Medvedev to be nominated as Putin's successor for the 2008 presidential elections. There were other potential candidates, such as Sergey Ivanov and Viktor Zubkov, but on 10 December 2007, President Putin announced that Medvedev was his preferred successor. The announcement was staged on TV with four parties suggesting Medvedev's candidature to Putin, and Putin then giving his endorsement. The four pro-Kremlin parties were United Russia, Fair Russia, Agrarian Party of Russia and Civilian Power. United Russia held its party congress on 17 December 2007 where by secret ballot of the delegates, Medvedev was officially endorsed as their candidate in the 2008 presidential election. He formally registered his candidacy with the Central Election Commission on 20 December 2007 and said he would step down as chairman of Gazprom, since under the current laws, the president is not permitted to hold another post. His registration was formally accepted as valid by the Russian Central Election Commission on 21 January 2008.

Political analysts believed that Putin's choice of a successor would coast to an easy election-day victory, as pre-election opinion polls indicated that a substantial majority of potential voters would back Putin's chosen candidate for president. An opinion poll by Russia's independent polling organization, the Levada Center, conducted over the period 21–24 December 2007 indicated that when presented a list of potential candidates, 79% of Russians were ready to vote for Medvedev if the election were immediately held. In his first speech after being endorsed, Medvedev announced that, as President, he would appoint Vladimir Putin to the post of prime minister to head the Russian government. Although constitutionally barred from a third consecutive presidential term, such a role would allow Putin to continue as an influential figure in Russian politics. The constitution allows him to return to the presidency later. Some analysts have been quick to point out that such a statement shows that Medvedev recognizes that he would only be a figurehead president. Putin pledged that he would accept the position of prime minister should Medvedev be elected president. Although Putin had pledged not to change the distribution of authority between president and prime minister, many analysts expected a shift in the center of power from the presidency to the prime minister post when Putin assumed the latter under a Medvedev presidency. Election posters have portrayed the pair side-by-side with the slogan "We Will Be Victorious Together" ("Вместе победим").

In January 2008, Medvedev launched his presidential campaign with stops in the oblasts. With preliminary results showing he would probably win the 2 March 2008 presidential election by a landslide, Medvedev vowed to work closely with the man who chose him for the job, Vladimir Putin. Vladimir Churov, Chairman of the Presidential Election Committee, was the friend of both Putin and Medvedev with whom they started to work back in the 1990s in Sobchak's administration in St. Petersburg. The Committee denied participation in elections to the opposition leaders Kasparov and Kasyanov using technical formalities in the election law previously adjusted to hinder the opposition election campaign. The three candidates that were allowed to participate were not considered dangerous for Medvedev and did virtually nothing to challenge him. Medvedev declined to participate in political debates with the other candidates.

In a campaign speech, Medvedev advocated private property, economic deregulation, low taxes, an independent judiciary, anti-corruption, and defending personal freedoms. His phrase "Freedom is better than non-freedom" said in Krasnoyarsk during his election campaign was widely cited as a sign of liberal changes by some and ironically by others.

Medvedev was seen as generally more liberal than his predecessor, Vladimir Putin.

Medvedev was elected President of Russia on 2 March 2008. According to the final election results, he won 70.28% of votes with a turnout of over 69.78% of registered voters.

The fairness of the election was disputed by many western observers and officials. Andreas Gross, head of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) mission stated that the elections was "neither free nor fair". Moreover the few western vote monitors bemoaned the inequality of candidate registration and the abuse of administrative resources by Medvedev allowing blanket television coverage.

Russian programmer Shpilkin analyzed the results of Medvedev's election and came to the conclusion that the results were falsified by the election committees. However, after the correction for the alleged falsification factor, Medvedev still came out as the winner, although with 63% of the vote instead of 70%.

Medvedev's election continued an alternating pattern of hairy and bald Russian leaders dating back at least to Alexander I of Russia.

Presidency

On 7 May 2008, Dmitry Medvedev took an oath as the third President of the Russian Federation in a ceremony held in Kremlin Palace. After taking the oath of office and receiving a gold chain of double-headed eagles symbolizing the presidency, he stated: "I believe my most important aims will be to protect civil and economic freedoms; We must fight for a true respect of the law and overcome legal nihilism, which seriously hampers modern development." As his inauguration coincided with the celebration of the Victory Day on May 9, he attended the military parade at Red Square and signed a decree to provide housing to war veterans.

Domestic Policy

On May 8 Dmitry Medvedev appointed Vladimir Putin Prime Minister of Russia. In September, the country was hit by the 2008 Russian financial crisis. Dmitry Medvedev attributed the decline in the Russian stock market to the impact of the liquidity crisis in the United States and contended that the crisis in Russia has little if anything to do with internal problems in its economy and the government policies. He ordered to inject large funds from the state budget into the markets to stabilize the situation.

In his first address to the Russian parliament on 5 November 2008, Medvedev proposed to change the Constitution of Russia in order to increase the terms of the President and State Duma from four to six and five years respectively (see 2008 Amendments to the Constitution of Russia).

On March 10 2009 Medvedev signed presidential decree to reform the civil service system in 2009-2013 as part of his drive against corruption. The main directions of reforms include establishing a new system to manage the civil service, introducing effective technology and modern methods of human resources operations, increasing the efficiency and professionalism of civil servants.

Foreign Policy

In August, during the third month of Medvedev's presidency, Russia took part in the 2008 South Ossetia war with Georgia, which drove tension in Russian-American relations to a post-Cold War high. On 26 August, following an unanimous vote of the Federal Assembly of Russia, Medvedev issued a presidential decree officially recognizing Abkhazia and South Ossetia as independent states, an action condemned by the G7. On 31 August 2008, Medvedev announced a shift in the Russian foreign policy under his government, built around five main principles:

1. Fundamental principles of international law are supreme.
2. The world will be multipolar.
3. Russia will not seek confrontation with other nations.
4. Russia will protect its citizens wherever they are.
5. Russia will develop ties in friendly regions.

In his address to the parliament on 5 November 2008 he also promised to deploy the Iskander missile system and radar-jamming facilities in Kaliningrad Oblast to counter the U. S. missile defence system in Eastern Europe.

Personal life

Medvedev is married and has a son named Ilya (born 1996). His wife, Svetlana Vladimirovna Medvedeva, was both his childhood friend and school sweetheart. They married several years after their graduation from secondary school in 1982.

Medvedev is a devoted fan of English hard rock, listing Deep Purple, Black Sabbath, Pink Floyd, and Led Zeppelin as his favorite bands. He is a collector of their original vinyl records and has previously said that he has collected all of the recordings of Deep Purple. As a youth, he was making copies of their records, although these bands were then on the official state-issued blacklist. In February 2008, Medvedev and Sergei Ivanov attended a Deep Purple concert in Moscow together.

Despite a busy schedule, Medvedev always reserves an hour each morning and again each evening to swim and lift weights. He swims 1,500 meters (approximately one mile), twice a day. He also jogs, plays chess, and practices yoga. Among his hobbies are reading the works of Mikhail Bulgakov and he is also a fan of the Harry Potter books after asking JK Rowling for her autograph when they met during the G-20 London Summit in April 2009. He is also a fan of football and follows his hometown professional football team, FC Zenit Saint Petersburg.

Medvedev keeps an aquarium in his office and cares for his fish himself. Medvedev owns a Neva Masquerade male cat named Dorofey. Dorofey used to fight with a cat belonging to Mikhail Gorbachev—who was Medvedev's neighbor—so the Medvedevs had to have Dorofey neutered.

Medvedev's reported 2007 annual income is $80,000, and he reported approximately the same amount as bank savings. Medvedev's wife reported no savings or income. They live in an upscale apartment house "Zolotye Klyuchi" in Moscow.

On the Runet, Medvedev is sometimes associated with the Medved meme, linked to padonki slang, which resulted in many ironical and satirical writings and cartoons that blend Medvedev with a bear. (The word medved means "bear" in Russian and the surname "Medvedev" is a patronymic which means "bear's son"). Medvedev is familiar with this phenomenon and takes no offence, stating that the web meme has the right to exist.

Reportedly, Dmitry Medvedev uses an Apple iPhone, despite the fact that this cell phone is not officially sold or even certified in Russia.

Medvedev speaks English, but due in part to protocol he speaks Russian in interviews.

Publications

Medvedev wrote two short articles on the subject of his doctoral dissertation in Russian law journals. He is also one of the authors of a textbook on civil law for universities first published in 1991 (the 6th edition of Civil Law. In 3 Volumes. was published in 2007). He is the author of a textbook for universities entitled, Questions of Russia's National Development, first published in 2007, concerning the role of the Russian state in social policy and economic development. He is also the lead co-author of a book of legal commentary entitled, A Commentary on the Federal Law "On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation", scheduled for publication in 2008. This work considers the Russian Federal law on the Civil service, which went into effect on July 27 2004, from multiple perspectives — scholarly, jurisprudential, practical, enforcement- and implementation-related.

Since October 2008, Medvedev keeps his videoblog at the presidential website kremlin.ru.

21 April 2008 Kremlin's administration posts Medvedev's videoblog posts in Livejournal community blog_medvedev.

On 13 April 2009 Medvedev gave a large interview to liberal Novaya Gazeta newspaper. The interview was the first one he had ever given to a Russian publication.

Literature

• Levy, Clifford J. (Dec. 11, 2007) Putin Backs a Young Loyalist As His Choice to Follow Him. The New York Times. New York, New York
• White, Gregory L.; Osborn, Andrew; Cullison, Alan (Dec. 11, 2007) Putin Chooses Young Loyalist As Successor. The Wall Street Journal, New York, New York.
• Umland, Andreas (Dec. 17, 2007) The Two Towers of Future Russia: The Rise of Dmitry Medvedev and the Re-Configuration of Post-Soviet Politics. Russia Profile. Moscow.

References

1. First Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev Endorsed for the Next President’s Post, Voice of Russia, December 10, 2007.
2. ^ BBC NEWS | World | Europe | Profile: Dmitry Medvedev
3. Putin sees Medvedev as successor BBC News
4. Медведев Дмитрий Анатольевич Viperson.ru
5. Потомок пахарей и хлеборобов Ekspress Gazeta 4 April 2008
6. "Transcript interview, First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev" (in Russian). Government of the Russian Federation. 2008-01-24. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
7. ^ "Who is Dmitry Medvedev?". Russia Today. 2008-03-04. Retrieved 2008-03-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
8. Buckley, Neil (2007-12-11). "Medvedev's liberal outlook likely to cheer western states". Financial Times. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
9. Umland, Andreas (2007-12-11). "The Democratic Roots of Putin's Choice". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
10. Levy, Clifford J.; p. A18
11. ^ Yuri Felshtinsky and Vladimir Pribylovsky The Age of Assassins. The Rise and Rise of Vladimir Putin, Gibson Square Books, London, 2008, ISBN 190-614207-6, pages 65-65 and 155-157. The book includes a copy of a written agreement "between the 'city' and the 'businessmen' concerning the joint organization of and control over the gambling business" at pages 302-303
12. Kovalev, Vladimir (2004-07-23). "Uproar At Honor For Putin". The Saint Petersburg Times. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessdaymonth=, |month=, |accessyear=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
13. Hoffman, David (2000-01-30). "Putin's Career Rooted in Russia's KGB". The Washington Post. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessdaymonth=, |month=, |accessyear=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
14. J. Michael Waller (2000-03-17). "Russia Reform Monitor No. 755: U.S. Seen Helping Putin's Presidential Campaign; Documents, Ex-Investigators, Link Putin to Saint Petersburg Corruption". American Foreign Policy Council, Washington, D.C. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessdaymonth=, |month=, |accessyear=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
15. Boris Berezovsky (2004-02-24). "New Repartition // What is to be done?". Kommersant. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessdaymonth=, |month=, |accessyear=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
16. Kovalev, Vladimir (2005-07-29). "Putin Should Settle Doubts About His Past Conduct". The Saint Petersburg Times. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessdaymonth=, |month=, |accessyear=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
17. "ПУТИН Владимир Владимирович" (in Russian). Антикомпромат (anticompromat.ru). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessdaymonth=, |month=, |accessyear=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
18. Special Report: Russia's Tectonic Shift Stratfor
19. After Putin, Who? Business Week
20. Purge or Coup? by Anders Åslund The Moscow Times January 9, 2008.
21. Putin's Three-Ring Circus by Anders Åslund The Moscow Times December 14, 2008.
22. Russia: President's Potential Successor Debuts At Davos. January 31, 2007.
23. "Дмитрий Медведев выдвинут в президенты России" (in Russian). Lenta.Ru. 2007-12-10. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
24. United Russia endorses D Medvedev as candidate for presidency ITAR-TASS, December 17, 2007.
25. Medvedev Registers for Russian Presidency, Will Leave Gazprom,Bloomberg, December 20, 2007.
26. Template:Ru icon О регистрации Дмитрия Анатольевича Медведева кандидатом на должность Президента Российской Федерации, Decision No. 88/688-5 of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation, January 21, 2008.
27. Putin Anoints Successor To Russian Presidency Washington Post, December 10, 2007.
28. Yuri Levada, The Times, November 21, 2006.
29. 27.12.2007. Последние президентские рейтинги 2007 года, The Levada Center, December 27, 2007. (In the same poll, when presented with the question of who they would vote for without a list of potential candidates, only 55% of those polled volunteered that they would vote for Medvedev, but another 24% said that they would vote for Putin. However, it should be noted that Putin is constitutionally ineligible for a consecutive presidential term.)
30. Poll says Putin's protégé more popular than president, Russian News & Information Agency, December 27, 2007.
31. Putin's Chosen Successor, Medevedev, Starts Campaign (Update2), Bloomberg.com, January 11, 2008.
32. Speech by Dmitry A. Medvedev, New York Times, December 11, 2007
33. Drive Starts to Make Putin 'National Leader' The Moscow Times, November 8, 2007
34. Medvedev: Putin should be Russia's prime minister USA Today, December 11, 2007
35. Putin seeks prime minister's post Associated Press, December 17, 2007.
36. Moscow Times
37. Putin's successor dismisses fears of state "grab", Reuters, January 17, 2008.
38. "New Russian president: I will work with Putin=CNN". Retrieved 2008-03-03.
39. Foreign investors expect reforms from Russia's Medvedev
40. Focus Shifts to How Medvedev Will Run Russia : NPR
41. Foreign investors expect reforms from Russia's Medvedev
42. "Europe Offers Congratulations and Criticism to Medvedev". Deutsche Welle. 2008-03-03. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
43. Dmitri Medvedev votes were rigged, says computer boffin The Times April 18, 2008
44. "Baldness Pattern: A New Cold War Analysis". Retrieved 2008-12-28.
45. "The pattern of power: bald, hair, bald". Retrieved 2008-12-28.
46. Also noted in an episode of QI
47. ABC Live
48. www.reuters.com, Russia's Medvedev takes power, pledges freedom
49. Medvedev decrees to provide housing to war veterans - ITAR-TASS, 07.05.2008, 15.27
50. Halpin, Tony. "Russia floods markets with cash in shutdown - Times Online". Business.timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
51. Full text in English
52. RIA Novosti March 10, 2009
53. Russia recognises Georgian rebels, BBC, 2008-08-26. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
54. Russia faces fresh condemnation, BBC, 2008-08-27. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
55. "RIA Novosti - World - Medvedev outlines five main points of future foreign policy". En.rian.ru. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
56. Steve Gutterman and Vladimir Isachenkov. Medvedev: Russia to deploy missiles near Poland, Associated Press, November 5, 2008.
57. Template:Ru icon Из школы, где учился Дмитрий Медведев, похищены его фото Factnews.ru
58. Russian 'bear' who loves Black Sabbath set to succeed Putin RIA Novosti
59. ^ Putin's Purple reign man Guardian Unlimited, December 10, 2007
60. Medvedev Will Run Russia to Tune of Hard-Rock Band Deep Purple Retrieved March 08, 2008.
61. Times Online. How Deep Purple conquered the Kremlin in night of metal mayhem
62. http://www.mosnews.com/culture/2009/04/03/harrypotter/
63. Nicholas II, FC Zenit, Black Sabbath - Medvedev's favorite things, ITAR-TASS, December 11, 2007.
64. Baby-faced Dmitry Medvedev keeps fish tank in his office and listens to Black Sabbath, Pravda, December 12, 2007.
65. Template:Ru icon Преемником Кони стал Дорофей Moskovsky Komsomolets 15 March 2008
66. A Soft-Spoken, 'Smart-Kid' Lawyer, The Moscow Times, November 2, 2007.
67. Template:Ru icon Дмитрий Медведев: учите олбанский!, Lenta.ru, March 5, 2007.
68. Template:Ru icon Превед, Медвед, Polit.ru, December 18, 2007.
69. Medvedev palatable to Russian liberals and western states, Financial Times, December 11, 2007.
70. Vedomosti Smart Money
71. "Medvedev shows media-savvy side". BBC News. 29 March 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-31.
72. Template:Ru icon Законы РФ / Федеральный закон от 27 июля 2004 г. N 79-ФЗ "О государственной гражданской службе Российской Федерации" (с изменениями от 2 февраля 2006 г., 2 марта, 12 апреля, 1 декабря 2007 г.), Garant Database of Laws with Commentary.
73. Template:Ru icon Дмитрий Анатольевич Медведев, Ozon.ru
74. "Видеоблог Президента России". Kremlin.ru. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
75. Дмитрий Медведев завел ЖЖ - Lenta.ru
76. Muratov, Dmitry (15 April 2009). "Декларация Медведева. Год 2009 (Interview with Dmitri Medvedev)". Novaya Gazeta N39 (in Russian). Retrieved 2009-04-15.

External links

• Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev The biography on the official web site

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