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For the Southern Chinese self-defence technique of the Hakka people, see Southern Praying Mantis (martial art).

Northern Praying Mantis (Chinese: 螳螂拳; pinyin: tánglángquán; lit. 'praying mantis fist') is a style of Chinese martial arts, sometimes called Shandong Praying Mantis after its province of origin. It was created by Wang Lang and was named after the praying mantis, an insect thats aggressiveness inspired the style. Shaolin records document that Wang Lang was one of the 18 masters gathered by the Shaolin Abbot Fu Ju, which dates him and Northern Praying Mantis to the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127).

Though small and feeble, the mantis is capable of using its forelegs to subdue animals larger than itself. In combat, the Northern Praying Mantis style mimicks the movements of its namesake insect, particularly the use of the hands in the shape of the "praying mantis hook" (螳螂勾; pinyin: tángláng gōu). Northern Praying Mantis is especially famous for its speed and continuous attacks. Another prominent feature of the style is its complex footwork, borrowed from Monkey Kung Fu.

Styles

Widespread styles

There are several styles of Northern Praying Mantis, the most famous of which are:

Seven Star Praying Mantis Boxing 七星螳螂拳

pinyin: qī xīng tángláng quán

This style is widespread in Shandong Province and surrounding areas. Luó Guāngyù (羅光玉) is also famous for having passed down this style to Hong Kong and other parts of South China, where it is still practiced today. Seven Star is known as the 'hardest' of the Praying Mantis styles.

Tàijí Plum Blossom Praying Mantis Boxing 太極梅花螳螂拳

pinyin: tàijíméihuā tángláng quán

This style is, historically, a combination of two different lineages of Northern Praying Mantis: Tàijí Praying Mantis and Plum Blossom Praying Mantis. Today, the style is the predecessor of what have become three different styles of Northern Praying Mantis: Tàijí Praying Mantis, Plum Blossom Praying Mantis, and Tàijí Plum Blossom Praying Mantis; all three trace their lineage to the 5th/6th Generation disciple of Wang Lang, Liang Xue Xiang, who combined the two styles in the 19th Century. This style is widespread in Shandong Province and surrounding areas. What is now called Tàijí Plum Blossom Praying Mantis traces its lineage to Hǎo Liányù (郝蓮玉), who was a disciple of Liang Xue Xiang. Hǎo Liányù and his many sons have since spread the style elsewhere. This style is well-known for its large, two-handed sword, and for being somewhat 'softer' than Seven Star Praying Mantis.

Tàijí Praying Mantis Boxing 太極螳螂拳

pinyin: tàijí tángláng quán

This style is, like most other Northern Praying Mantis styles, based in Shangdong Province, and has since become prevalent in places such as Korea, Hong Kong, Vietnam, and North America. This style traces its lineage to Sun Yuan Chang, who was a disciple of Liang Xue Xiang. Its most famous progenitor is Zhao Zhu Xi, who is said to have taught (both directly and indirectly) thousands of students during his lifetime in Vietnam and Hong Kong, who have since spread to all corners of the globe. He was given the (Cantonese) nickname Chuk Kai, meaning "Bamboo Creek", for a famous battle he fought with bandits at that location.

Plum Blossom Praying Mantis Boxing 梅花螳螂拳

pinyin: méihuā tángláng quán

Widespread in Shangdong Province and its surrounding areas, including Korea. Plum Blossom Praying Mantis traces its lineage to the blood brothers Jiang Hua Long and Song Zi De, both disciples of Liang Xue Xiang. The former is credited with refining the style by adding movements and techniques from Connecting Arm Boxing (Tong Bei Quán) and Eight Trigrams Palm (Bāguàzhǎng). Late in his life, Jiang Hua Long's continual refinement prompted him to develop a new style named Eight Step Praying Mantis (bā bù tángláng quán), which is listed below.

Six Harmony Praying Mantis Boxing 六合螳螂拳

pinyin: liù hé tángláng quán

Known as the 'softest' or most 'internal' of the Praying Mantis styles, Six Harmony Praying Mantis was passed down by Dīng Zǐchéng (丁子成), whose students taught in Shandong Province as well as Taiwan. Six Harmony Praying Mantis has a very different curriculum, with unique routines not found in other Praying Mantis styles.

Rare styles

Other, less widespread styles include:

Eight Step Praying Mantis Boxing 八步螳螂拳

pinyin: bā bù tángláng quán

This style was originally conceived by Jiang Hua Long, and was further refined by his principle disciple of the style, Féng Huányì (馮環義), which was passed down by his disciple Wèi Xiàotáng (衛笑堂) in Taiwan. A Praying Mantis style that includes features of other styles, like Baguazhang and Xingyiquan.

Shiny Board Praying Mantis Boxing 光板螳螂拳

pinyin: guāng bǎn tángláng quán

Rare style of Praying Mantis.

Long Fist Praying Mantis Boxing 長拳螳螂拳

pinyin: cháng quán tángláng quán

Rare style of Praying Mantis. Influenced strongly by Chángquán (literally "long fist").

Throwing Hand Praying Mantis Boxing 摔手螳螂拳

pinyin: shuāi shǒu tángláng quán

This style was passed down by Wáng Sōngtíng (王松亭) in Shandong Province.

Secret Gate Praying Mantis Boxing 秘門螳螂拳

pinyin: mì mén tángláng quán

This style was passed down by Zhāng Dékuí (張德奎) in Taiwan.

Seeking Leg Praying Mantis Boxing 探腿螳螂拳

pinyin: tàn tuǐ tángláng quán

This rare style was passed down by Pui Chan, who immigrated to the United States.

Schools

There are many schools of Northern Praying Mantis. In Taiwan, there are the students and grandstudents of Eight Step Praying Mantis master Wèi Xiàotáng, Secret Gate master Zhāng Dékuí, Six Harmony master Zhang Xiangsan, and Wang Songting, who is linked to multiple styles, including Long Fist Praying Mantis, Plum Blossom Praying Mantis, Tàijí Praying Mantis, and Throwing Hand Praying Mantis as well as Tàijíquán. In the Mainland Chinese capital of Beijing, there are the students of Tàijí Praying Mantis and Six Harmony Praying Mantis master Ma Hanqing. In Shandong, there are the students and grandstudents of Tàijí Plum Blossom Praying Mantis master Hao Bin, Seven Star Praying Mantis master Lin Jingshan and countless others in this province, the homeland of Northern Praying Mantis. One of the successors of Seven Star Praying Mantis master Luó Guāngyù was Chiu Chi-Man, who passed the art on to his nephew Chiu Leun and to his student Lee Kam-Wing, whose successors include John Cheng of the United States and Latouille Fabien of France, as well as Seven Star Praying Mantis teachers in Germany and Italy.

References

Ilya Profatilov. "History of Praying Mantis Kungfu."

External links

Category:

Traditional wushu