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| English: Hey, Slavs | |
|---|---|
National anthem of .svg){kind=small} former SFR Yugoslavia,.svg){kind=small} former FR Yugoslavia, and former State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. | |
| Also known as | Hej, Slaveni Hej, Sloveni |
| Lyrics | Samuel Tomášik, 1834 |
| Music | Composer unknown |
| Adopted | 1977 (by law, temporary) 1988 (by the Constitution) |
| Relinquished | 1991 2006 |
| Audio sample | |
Hey, Slavs is an anthemic song dedicated to Slavic peoples. Its first lyrics were written in 1834 under the title Hey, Slovaks (Hej, Slováci) by Samuel Tomášik and it has since served as the anthem of the Pan-Slavic movement, the anthem of the Sokol physical education and political movement, SFR Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro. The song is also considered to be the second, unofficial anthem of the Slovaks. Its melody is based on Mazurek Dąbrowskiego, which has been also the anthem of Poland since 1926, but it is much slower and more accentuated. The song is no longer serves as an anthem in any country or state.
It is known as Hej, Slaveni in Croatian and Bosnian, Hej, Sloveni (Cyrillic script: Хеј Словени) in Serbian, Hej, Slaveni or Hej, Sloveni (Cyrillic script: Хеј, Словени or Хеј, Слaвени) in Serbo-Croatian (also called Croato-Serbian), Hej, Slováci in Slovak, Hej, Slované in Czech, Еј, Словени (Latin script: Ej Sloveni) in Macedonian, Hej, Slovani in Slovene and Hej, Słowianie in Polish, Хей, Славяни in Bulgarian, Гей, Славяне in Russian, Гей Словени in Ukrainian, Гий, Славляне in Rusyn.
Hey, Slovaks
The song was written by the Slovak priest, poet and historian Samuel Tomášik while he was visiting Prague in 1834. He was appalled that German was more commonly heard in the streets of Prague than Czech. He wrote in his diary:
- "If mother Prague, the pearl of the Western Slav world, is to be lost in a German sea, what awaits my dear homeland, Slovakia, which looks to Prague for spiritual nourishment? Burdened by that thought, I remembered the old Polish song Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła, póki my żyjemy ("Poland has not yet perished as long as we live."). That familiar melody caused my heart to erupt with defiant Hej, Slováci, ešte naša slovenská reč žije ("Hey, Slovaks, our Slovak language still lives")... I ran to my room, lit a candle and wrote down three verses into my diary in pencil. The song was finished in a moment." (Diary of Samuel Tomášik, Sunday, 2 November 1834)
Pan-Slavic anthem
He soon altered the lyrics to include all Slavs and Hey, Slavs became a widely known rallying song for Slav nationalism and Pan-Slavic sentiment, especially in Slavic lands governed by Austria. It was printed in numerous magazines and calendars and sung at political gatherings, becoming an unofficial anthem of the Pan-Slavic movement.
Its popularity continued to increase when it was adopted as the official anthem of the Sokol ("falcon") physical education movement, which was based on Pan-Slavic ideals and active across Austria-Hungary. In 1905, the erection of a monument to the Slovenian poet France Prešeren in Ljubljana was celebrated by a large gathering of people singing Hey, Slavs. During the First World War, the song was often used by Slav soldiers from the opposite sides of the frontline to communicate common nationalist sentiment and prevent bloodshed. Many Slovenian, Croatian and Serb members of Sokol conscripted into Austro-Hungarian army voluntarily surrendered to Serbian or Russian forces and often even changed sides. The song spread with them across the Balkans and Russia and remained popular in the inter-war period.
Tiso's Slovakia
In Slovakia, the song "Hey, Slovaks" has been considered the unofficial song of the Slovaks throughout its modern history, especially at times of revolutions. Although after the First World War the song Nad Tatrou sa blýska became the official Slovak anthem in Czechoslovakia and then again in 1993 in the independent Slovak Republic, the song is still considered a "second" anthem by many (usually more nationalist) people. Contrary to popular assumptions, however, it was not the official anthem of the wartime Slovak Republic (1939-1945), but it was greatly favored by the ruling party (Slovakia's official anthem remained Nad Tatrou sa blýska during that period).
Yugoslavia
Early use
First appearance of the Hey, Slavs on territory of Yugoslavia was in times of Illyrian movement. Dragutin Rakovac translated the song, and named it Hey, Illyrians (Template:Lang-hr). Until Second World War, the translation did not suffer many changes, except Illyrians became Slavs.
In 1941 the Second World War engulfed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Axis powers invaded in early April, and the Yugoslav royal army disintegrated and capitulated in just two and a half weeks. Since the old Yugoslav anthem included references to the king and kingdom, the anti-royalist Partisan resistance led by Josip Broz Tito and his Communist party decided to avoid it and opted for Hey, Slavs instead. The song was sung at both the first and the second session of AVNOJ, the legislative body of the resistance, and it gradually became to be generally considered the national anthem of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (new Yugoslavia).
The old anthem was officially abandoned after the liberation in 1945, but no new anthem was officially adopted. There were several attempts to promote other, more specifically Yugoslav songs as the national anthem, but none gained much public support and Hey, Slavs continued to be used unofficially. The search for a better candidate continued up to 1988, while in 1977 Hey, Slavs the law only named the title of the national anthem, listing it as a temporary anthem until a new would had been adopted.
Yugoslav anthem
Hej, Slavs was the national anthem of SFR Yugoslavia from 1943 to 1991 (48 years). With formal adoption (inauguration) of the Amendment IX to the Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the anthem Hey, Slavs gained constitutional sanction in November 25 1988. After the 43 years of continued use as the de facto anthem, the delegates simply brought the law in line with the reality.
Since SFR Yugoslavia did not had a singular official language, the anthem was official in all South Slavic languages, as well as in languages of national minorities, nevertheless it was preformed mostly in Croatian Macedonian, Serbian , Slovene and latter in Serbo-Croatian (also called Croato-Serbian), Albanian (official in SAP Kosovo) and Hungarian (official in SAP Vojvodina, among other).
Serbia and Montenegro
After the break-up of Yugoslavia in 1991-92, when only Serbia and Montenegro remained in the federation, Hey, Slavs continued to be used as the anthem of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. That country was renamed to the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003 and was expected to adopt a new anthem, but since no agreement over national symbols could be reached, Hey, Slavs remained the anthem of the state union.
A hybrid of the Montenegrin national anthem "Oj, svijetla majska zoro" with the Serbian national anthem, "Bože Pravde" in alternating verses was proposed. However, this attempt was struck down after objections by the People's Party of Montenegro and Socialist People's Party of Montenegro. Also proposed was the former Montenegrin national anthem and patriotic song "Onamo, 'namo", however this also fell through and Hey, Slavs remained the national anthem.
Since Montenegro and Serbia became independent states in 2006, this issue is moot, and Hey, Slavs is not used as an official anthem by any sovereign country anymore.
Slavic languages
West Slavic languages
SlovakHej, Slováci, ešte naša Žije, žije, duch slovenský, Jazyka dar sveril nám Boh, I nechže je koľko ľudí, I nechže sa aj nad nami My stojíme stále pevne, |
CzechHej Slované, ještě naše Žije, žije duch slovanský, Jazyka dar svěřil nám Bůh, I nechať je tolik lidí, I nechať se též nad námi, My stojíme stále pevně, |
PolishHej Słowianie, jeszcze nasza Żyje, żyje duch słowiański, wer.1: wer.1: I niechaj się ponad nami My stoimy stale, pewnie, |
South Slavic languages
CroatianHej Slaveni, jošte živi Živi, živi duh slavenski Nek se sada i nad nama Mi stojimo postojano |
Croatian (Partisan version)Oj Slaveni, zemlja tutnji Živi, živi duh slavenski, Gromko kliče drug nam Staljin Mi stojimo postojano Za slobodu na braniku Makar na nas navalile |
Serbian (Latin script)Hej Sloveni, jošte živi Živi, živi duh slovenski Nek se sada i nad nama Mi stojimo postojano |
Serbian (Cyrillic script)Хеј Словени, јоште живи Живи, живи дух словенски Нек' се сада и над нама Ми стојимо постојано |
BosnianHej Slaveni, jošte živi Živi, živi duh slavenski Nek se sada i nad nama Mi stojimo postojano |
MontenegrinHej Sloveni, jošte živi Živi, živi duh slovenski Nek se sada i nad nama Mi stojimo postojano |
MacedonianЕј, Словени, жив е тука Жив е вечно, жив е духот Пустошејќи, нека бура Стоиме на стамен-прагот |
SloveneHej Slovani, naša reč Živi, živi, duh slovanski, Naj tedaj nad nami Bratje, mi stojimo trdno |
Slovene (pre-Yugoslav version)Hej Slovani, naša reč Živi, živi, duh slovanski, Bog pa gromo-vladni nam Bo naj kolikor ljudi, tolikanj Naj tedaj nad nami Bratje! Mi stojimo trdno, |
BulgarianХей славяни, все още жив е Жив е, жив е духът славянски Нека сега и над нас Ние стоим твърдо като крепост. |
East Slavic languages
UkrainianГей, слов’яни,наше слово Наше слово дав Господь нам Дух слов’янський живе вічно Проти нас хоч світ повстане |
RussianЭй, славяне, наше слово Дух Славянский жив на веки, Наше слово дал нам Бог, Против нас хоть весь мир, что нам! |
Russian (alternate version)Эй, славяне, эй, славяне! Гром и ад! Что ваша злоба, Дал нам бог язык особый– Пусть нечистой силы будет Пусть играет ветер, буря, Устоим одни мы крепко, |
RusynГий Славляне, ищи жиє Живи, живи дух Славляньскый Нич ся трафит кой над намы Стойиме сьме, постояны |
Other languages
EnglishHey, Slavs, Lives, lives the Slavic spirit, God to us our language entrusted, Though the earth were filled with demons, Let all above us now We're standing firmly |
HungarianHej, szlávok, él még mibennünk Élj hát, élj hát, te szláv szellem, Hát akkor most felettünk is Mi csak állunk itt szilárdan, |
TurkishHey, Slavlar, Slav ruhumuz hala yaşıyor ! Yaşıyor, Slav ruhu yaşıyor, Ve sonsuza dek yaşayacak! Tanrı, bize dilimizi emanet etti; Tanrı, şimşekleri çaktıran; Gerçi dünya iblislerle dolu, haklarımıza saldıran, Şimdi herşeye izin ver fırtınayla kırılsınlar. Dayanacağız kesinlikle dağlar gibi, |
References
- Amandmani IX do XLVII na Ustav Socijalističke Federativne Republike Jugoslavije, "Službeni list SFRJ", br. 70/88, No. 932, pp 1793-1806
- ^ Odluka o objavljivanju odluka i proglasa Antifašističkog vijeća narodnog oslobođenja Jugoslavije, njegovog Predsjedništva i Nacionalnog komiteta na srpskom, hrvatskom, slovenskom i makedonskom jeziku (»Službeni list Demokratske Federativne Jugoslavije«, br. 1/45, No. 10, p. 5),
- ^ Odluka o početku izlaženja Službenog lista SFRJ na albanskom i mađarskom jeziku (»Službeni list Socijalističke Federativne Republike Jugoslavije«, br. 51/70, No. 582, p. 1216)
- http://www.vjesnik.hr/Pdf/2006%5C06%5C17%5C30A30.PDF
- Song titled Oj Slaveni in: Naše pjesme (Template:Lang-en), Kult.-umjetnički odsjek propagandnog odjela ZAVNOH-a, , 1944.
External links
- The story of Hej Slovaci, incl. an artistic translation of the original Slovak text.
- Links to audio files of the anthem (Download section, at the bottom of the page).
- The site of the Slovenian organization Hervardi, which mentiones the pre-Yugoslavian Slovenian version of Hey, Slavs, and also including a .MP3 of the rock version, as performed by their own band (they have a project, that consists in reviving old Slovenian songs).