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Born | 1941 Erzurum, Turkey |
Website | http://en.fgulen.com |
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Some pictures of Gülen together with religious and community leaders. |
Fethullah Gülen (born 27 April,1941) is a Turkish philosopher, modernist Islamic scholar, writer, and leader of the Gülen movement. He is the author of over 60 books.
Gülen's proclaimed ideal is to promote peaceful coexistence, and dialog of civilizations at the international scale, and to see a renaissance of the modern Muslim world with Turkey at the forefront in the local scale. Fethullah Gülen has started a movement. In many countries schools are opened according to his philosophy. These schools are intended to promote peace and dialog in general and offer a moderate vision of Islam in Muslim countries. He has invested in interfaith dialog by meeting Jewish and Christian leaders, including the Pope.
Gülen is characterized in the media as one of the world's most important Muslim figures, with the Gülen movement as one of the world's leading Muslim movements. Gülen has been the subject of several academic studies.
Gülen and his movement have been praised by Islamic and non-Muslim organisations. These supporters tend to view the movement as a modernist and moderate form of Islam; a potential counterbalance to extremism. His movement has its base in Turkey and forms a significant factor in Turkish society. There are also some controversies around Gülen. Some secularists claim that his objective is to abolish Turkey's secular state; although court rulings have not supported this. On the other hand, some hardline radical groups criticize his interfaith dialog efforts.
Biography
Gülen was born in Erzurum, Turkey in 1941. He started primary education at his home village, but did not continue after his family moved, and instead focused on informal Islamic education. He gave his first sermon when he was 14. In 1959 he was awarded a state imam license in Edirne. In 1966 he was transferred to a post in İzmir. It was here that Gülen's recurring themes began to crystallize and his audience base began to expand. He also traveled around the provinces in Anatolia and gave sermons in mosques, town meetings and coffee houses among other places. From İzmir on, he placed a special emphasis on promulgating his ideas to high school and college students and recruiting them for his movement.
Gülen retired from formal imam duties in 1981. From 1988 to 1991 he gave a series of sermons in popular mosques of major cities. His long career had made him a well-known figure in Islamic circles, however, it was the interfaith dialog efforts, Islamic political activism and his courtship with the center-right political parties in the 1990s that made him a public figure. In 1994, he helped found the "Journalists and Writers Foundation".
Through his speeches, he gained a following in society. In particular, by adopting a theme that was previously explored by Said-i Nursi, he envisioned a society of devout Muslims who nevertheless would adopt methods and technical knowledge that led to development in western countries.
Gülen has been living in the US since 1998 to receive better treatment for his health problems as he suffers from diabetes and a range of its side effects.
Philosophy and activities
According to Gülen his theological views lie solidly within the Turkish Sunni mainstream while being more responsive to modern world than other Islamic movements . He has also adopted some views of founder of the Nur (light) movement, Said Nursi, among others.
Gülen claims the modern world is plagued by individuals' lack of faith, and in particular, the failure to adopt scientific methods while in the same time preserving moral values and belief in God. Gülen argues science and faith are two different aspects of the truth, and that science can benefit from or requires a moral foundation from religion.
Gülen movement
Main article: Gülen MovementGülen has founded a movement to communicate his views. This movement has become an influential organization. It has opened about 500 educational institutions in more than 90 countries in Eurasia, Africa and North America.
Interfaith Dialog
Gülen's published works in the 1990s advocated dialog among communities and faiths, tolerance, and acceptance of others. He personally met with religious leaders, including Pope John Paul II, the Greek Orthodox Patriarch Bartholomeos, and Israeli Sephardic Head Rabbi Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron.
Terrorism
Gülen does not approve use of Islam and terrorism together . That is, he agrees that such terrorism exists but argues that it is not Islamic or Muslim. He formulates his ideas as "A Real Muslim cannot be a Terrorist". He has written an article in response to the September 11 attacks saying:
We condemn in the strongest of terms the latest terrorist attack on the United States of America, and feel the pain of the American people at the bottom of our hearts.
A question asked by Nuriye Akman of Zaman: It appears that al-Qaeda network has a cell in Turkey. You explained about the religious side of the matter. Does it have different meanings as well? Gülen's response was:
One of the people in the world I hate the most is Bin Laden, because he spoiled the bright appearance of Islam. He created a dirty image. Even if we try to fix that terrible damage with all our best, it would take years. We will tell about it everywhere in different platforms. We will write books about it. We will say, 'this is not Islam.' Bin Laden replaced Islamic logic with his feelings and desires. He is a monster, as are the men around him. If there is any one similar to them, they too are nothing more than monsters.
Feminism
Gulen has progressive views on the question of women's rights. He believes that the veiling of women is a detail in Islam, and that "no one should suppress the progress of women through the clothes they wear." Gulen also states that, "no one should be subject to criticism for his or her clothing or thoughts." Furthermore, he says, "women can become administrators," contradicting the views of most Islamic intellectuals. Despite these views, modern professional women in Turkey still find his ideas far from acceptable.
The coming of Islam, Gülen claims, "saved" women, who "were absolutely not confined to their home and...never oppressed" in the early years of the religion. Western-style feminism, however, is "... occurred as a reaction and was doomed to imbalance like all other reactionary movements and ended up in extremism. Although the starting point was to defend women, in time it deviated from the original aim to the degree of being full of hatred towards men and to feeling a grudge against them."
Books
Pearls of Wisdom, Emerald Hills of the Heart, Prophet Muhammed as Commander, Questions and Answers, Essentials of the Islamic Faith, The Infinite Light vol 1–2, Towards the Lost Paradise, Truth Through Colors, Muhammad: The Messenger of God, Questions and Answers about Faith, Towarda Global Civilization of Love and Tolerance, Key Concepts in the Practice of Sufism (3 vols), The Statues of Our Souls, etc. His Books
See also
References
- Foreign Policy: The World’s Top 20 Public Intellectuals
- Carroll, B. Jill (2007). A Dialogue of Civilizations: Gülen's Islamic Ideals and Humanistic Discourse. The Light, Inc.
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: External link in
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- Fethullah Gülen's works: English books
- Fethullah Gülen's works: Turkish books
- Academic says West knows little of Gülen's contributions, Zaman
- ^ Gülen movement invites people to unity, says famous rabbi, Today's Zaman
- ^ Former Norwegian PM: Our center takes same approach as Gülen
- ^ A modern Ottoman, Prospect, Issue 148, July 2008
- Reuters: Turkish Islamic preacher - threat or benefactor?
- Munley, Ann. "Contributions of the Gülen Community to Muslim Dynamism and Education" conference held on March 3rd, 2008 at Marywood University.
- Guardian: Islamic scholar voted world's No 1 thinker
- ^ Forbes: Gülen Inspires Muslims Worldwide
- ^ {{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/04/world/asia/04islam.html?ex=1367640000&en=625b88103a702f94&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink%7Cfirst=Sabrina%7Clast=Tavernise%7Cauthorlink=Sabrina Tavernise|title=Turkish Schools Offer Pakistan a Gentler Vision of Islam|date=2008-05-04|work=New York Times}}
- Cutting Edge: An icon of universal peace
- Fethullah Gülen: Interfaith-intercultural dialog meetings
- ^ Economist: Global Muslim networks, How far they have traveled
- [http://en.fgulen.com/conference-papers.html Academic Conference Papers]
- Scholar Search
- House of Lords: Gülen Conference
- Georgetown University: Gülen Conference
- University of Oklahoma: Gülen Conference
- Alevi respect to Gülen
- Gursoy, Idris (2008-03-01). "Feb. 21 declared 'Gülen Institute Day' in Houston". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
- Interview with Sabrina Tavernise, World View Podcasts, New York Times, May 4, 2008
- Meria Journal: Fethullah Gülen and his liberal 'Turkish Islam' movement
- Fethullah Gülen Web Sitesi - "I.lhan Selçuk Türkiye'dir"; Öyle mi?
- Appeals court unanimously upholds Fethullah Gülen acquittal
- An interview with Fethullah Gülen's primary school teacher
- http://tr.fgulen.com/a.page/hayati/hayat.kronolojisi/a4443.html
- Gülen's answers to various claims made against him. See Claim 4.
- Gülen's answers to various claims made against him. See Claim 4 and 9.
- Yeni Aktüel Weekly Magazine, 11–17 October 2005, No:13.
- M. Hakan Yavuz and John L. Esposito, eds. Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gülen Movement (Syracuse University Press, 2003) ISBN 0815630409.
- Toward a Global Civilization of Love and Tolerance, ISBN 1932099689
- Advocate of Dialogue: Fethullah Gülen, ISBN 0970437013
- Fethullah Gülen: A life dedicated to peace and humanity - True Muslims Cannot Be Terrorists
- Fethullah Gülen: A life dedicated to peace and humanity - Fethullah Gülen's Response to the Sep 11 Terrorist Attack on US
- Fethullah Gülen: A life dedicated to peace and humanity - Islam Abhors Acts of Terror
- http://www.fethullahgulen.org/content/view/1727/24/
- http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/meria/journal/2000/issue4/jv4n4a4.html
- Women Confined and Mistreated
External links
The Gülen movement
- Fethullah Gülen's official website
- The Gülen Institute
- Fethullah Gülen Conference
- The Journalists and Writers Foundation
- Understanding Fethullah Gulen
- Fethullah Gülen and Media
- Fethullah Gülen's Grand Ambition: Turkey's Islamist Danger, The Middle East Quarterly
Other sources
- The Fethullah Gülen Movement: Pillar of Society or Threat to Democracy?
- Fethullah Gülen and his Liberal "Turkish Islam" movement
- Turkish Islam's Moderate Face
- The Gülen Movement: a modern expression of Turkish Islam
- The Nurcu Movement in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
- FORBES - Gulen Inspires Muslims Worldwide
- Turkey's Champion of Interfaith Dialogue
- The Economist - Global Muslim networks- How far they have travelled
- The Economist- Fethullah Gulen- A farm boy on the world stage
- Reuters - Turkish Islamic preacher - threat or benefactor?
- The New York Times - Turkish Schools Offer Pakistan a Gentler Vision of Islam
- Prospect Magazine - Islam 1 Prospect 0
- Fethullah Gülen sources and documents