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National-Anarchism is a syncretic political current that developed in the 1990s out of an attempt by former Third Positionists to reconcile anarchism with nationalism and in some cases fascism and/or racial separatism. It has intellectual roots in the writings of Julius Evola and the neo-Spenglerian Francis Parker Yockey, and includes Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Mikhail Bakunin, Peter Kropotkin, Leo Tolstoy, and Max Stirner among its influences.
The term was coined simultaneously by Troy Southgate (England), Peter Töpfer (Germany) and Hans Cany (France), and was used by the now defunct National Revolutionary Faction to describe its ideology.
History
Historically the term national anarchist dates back as far as the 1920s, when Helmut Franke, a German writer involved with the Conservative Revolutionary movement, used it to describe his political outlook. In the United Kingdom during the early 1980s, the Black Ram group promulgated ideas which it described as national anarchist and anarcho-nationalist. However, the present usage derives from the French National-Anarchist Hans Cany, who first made use of this term in the early 1990s, along with the related terms national-libertarian and anarcho-identitarian. Around the same time, Richard Hunt left the editorial board of Green Anarchist, due to a disagreement over political strategies, and formed his own journal, Alternative Green. The remaining Green Anarchist staff constantly accused Hunt of supporting fascism, while the left-wing writer/activist Stewart Home accused both Alternative Green and Green Anarchist of supporting ecofascism.
In the mid-1990s, Troy Southgate, a Strasserite former member of the British National Front and International Third Position, began to move towards Hunt's green anarchism, and fused it with racial separatism (which Hunt did not support) to create a newer form of National-Anarchism. In 1998 Southgate formed the National Revolutionary Faction (NRF), officiating as its national secretary. For a period, he was also a member of Alternative Green's editorial board. Later, Southgate disavowed the concept of the revolutionary cell-group and in 2003 the NRF disbanded, shortly after he and other NRF associates had become involved with a UK-based countercultural forum, the Cercle de la Rose Noire, of which Southgate is president. Southgate is also an organiser for the New Right, a group which is inspired by the French Nouvelle Droite movement.
Views
National-Anarchists see the hierarchies inherent in government and capitalism as oppressive. They advocate collective action organized along the lines of nationality, identity, and tribes, and advocate for a decentralised social order wherein like-minded individuals maintain distinct communities.
National-Anarchism shares with most strains of anarchism a desire to reorganize human relationships, with an emphasis on replacing the hierarchical structures of government and capitalism with local, communal decision-making. Troy Southgate has stated:
We believe in political, social and economic decentralisation. In other words, we wish to see a positive downward trend whereby all bureaucratic concepts such as the UN, NATO, the EU, the World Bank and even nation-states like England and Germany are eradicated and consequently replaced by autonomous village-communities.
The revolutionary conservative concept of the Anarch is central to National-Anarchism.
National-Anarchists view liberalism as a primary cause of the social decline of nations and cultural identity. National-Anarchists also reject fascism and Communism as statist and totalitarian, and reject National Socialism as a failed dictatorship of a totalitarian government.
Autonomy and separatism
According to Keith Preston, National-Anarchists advocate a model of society in which communities that practice separatism along the lines of ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation, are able to coexist alongside mixed or integrated communities without requiring force. He claims that "autonomous zones" could exist with their own rules for permanent residence in a community without the strict ethnic divisions and violence advocated by other racist nationalism. National-Anarchists consider genocide, murder, and social conformity to be unnecessary, tyrannical and an affront to "libertarian minded people".
Some proponents of National-Anarchism claim that racial separatism can be achieved without racial hatred or racial supremacy. Southgate states that National Anarchists are racial separatists who oppose "miscegenation" but do not seek to impose their views on others. Southgate writes, "we are seeking our own space in which to live according to our own principles".
In terms of the practical implementation of these views, National-Anarchists believe that areas without significant human development and borderlands would be maintained collectively, and the existence of free zones allowing trade and sharing between communities would be established with the agreement of all parties involved.
The Bay Area National Anarchist (BANA) network foresees the development of National Autonomous Zones (NAZ) and promotes them as a model of administration suggesting that National-Anarchists can achieve "autonomy amidst adversity." NAZ theory "makes no specific demands...that adhere to a particular political ideology" or organize in a particular way. A NAZ may contain one or more of the following characteristics:
- a homogeneous representation of spoken language, culture, religion, and ethnicity.
- the organized delegation of tasks and economy.
- a pre-defined relationship regulating behavior with outsiders of the NAZ.
- a system of standard operating procedures for self-defense.
- collective and informal decision making processes.
A mature NAZ is considered to have one or more traits of the Vietnamese Military Fortress concept for national defense.
Criticism
Critics of National Anarchism argue that they are deceptive and practice crypto-fascism while pretending to be anarchists. Green Anarchist published an article accusing the National-Anarchists of being fascists with the goal of discrediting mainstream anarchism. Antifa, a militant anti-fascist network, advocates violent physical confrontation with National-Anarchists, whom it considers to be part of the far right.
Anarchist Nick Griffin (not to be confused with BNP leader Nick Griffin) argues that National-Anarchism's concept of racial separation is intrinsically linked to racial hatred.
The groupuscular right... is a constantly growing, mutating, protean counter-culture... segments of which seem to be evolving towards a synthesis of neo-anarchism.
— Roger Griffin
See also
- Bases Autónomas
- Communities
- FNAR
- Integralism
- National Bolshevism
- National syndicalism
- Parti Communautaire National-Européen, counterpart to the NRF
References
- ^ Southgate, Troy (January 2002). "Transcending the Beyond: From Third Position to National-Anarchism". Synthesis. Circle de la Rose Noire. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
- ^ Fyodorov, Miron (February 2006). "Interview with Troy Southgate for Kinovar, Russia". New Right.
- ^ Unattr. "NA-Internationale, der internationale Nationalanarchismus und etwas zu seiner Geschichte". Nationalanarchismus.
- Black Ram 1: 12, 18.
- Cany, Hans (2004). "Zur Geschichte und heutigen Situation des National-Anarchismus in Frankreich". Nationalanarchismus.
- An Interview with Richard Hunt
- Stewart Home Society - Green Anarchist Documents
- Sturgeon, Wayne John (2001). "Synthesis editor Troy Southgate interviewed by Wayne John Sturgeon". Synthesis.
- ^ Macklin, Graham D. (September 2005). "Co-opting the counter culture: Troy Southgate and the National Revolutionary Faction". Patterns of Prejudice. 39 (3): 301–326. doi:10.1080/00313220500198292. ISSN 0031-322X. Retrieved 2009-02-17. Cite error: The named reference "nur53" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- S Y N T H E S I S - Journal du Cercle de la Rose Noire
- Macklin, Graham (n.d.). "An Interview with Troy Southgate". Synthesis.
- ^ Southgate, Troy. "What is National-Anarchism?" (in question-and-answer format). Folk and Faith.
- ^ Unattr. (March 2008). "Doing the New Right thing by people: An interview with a key organiser for the New Right and National Anarchist movements in Australia" (reprint). Destiny. No. 3. Australian Protectionist Party.
- ^ Preston, Keith (2003). "National-Anarchism and Classical American Ideals: Is A Reconciliation Possible?". Food for the European Mind. Archived from the original (WebCite) on 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
- National-Anarchist-Online : National-Anarchist-Online
- Southgate 2007, p. 34
- ^ Unattr. (May 2008). "National Autonomous Zones: Castles without walls". Bay Area National Anarchist.
- Unattr. (May 2008). "Inside the Gates: the Vietnamese Military Fortress". Inside the Gates.
- ^ Griffin, Nick. "National Anarchism - Trojan Horse for White Nationalism". Green Anarchy.
- Unattr. "Anarchists against Nationalism".
- Manson, Peter (2000-12-07), "No case to answer", Weekly Worker, no. 363
- Unattr. "The opposition". Antifa Britain.
- http://www.publiceye.org/magazine/v23n4/rebranding_fascism.html
- Griffin, Roger (March 2003). "From slime mould to rhizome: an introduction to the groupuscular right" (PDF 285.9 KB). Patterns of Prejudice. 37 (1): 27–63. doi:10.1080/0031322022000054321. ISSN 0031-322X. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
Bibliography
- Southgate, Troy (2007), Tradition and Revolution: Collected Writings of Troy Southgate, Aarhus: Integral Tradition Publishing, ISBN 978-8792136022
External links
- Attack the System
- National Anarchists AUS/NZ Victoria Australia collective
- Bay Area National Anarchists Group based in California
- BANA (Bay Area National Anarchists) TV Videos produced by the BANA group
- A Bay Area National Anarchists Perspective An alternative website by the East Bay Collective, part of the BANA network.
- Folk and Faith Christian National-Anarchist group based in Idaho
- New Right Australia New Zealand
- Synthesis, Journal du Cercle de la Rose Noire
- Rebranding Fascism:National-Anarchists essay by Spencer Sunshine