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Revision as of 20:05, 16 December 2005 by Valentinian (talk | contribs) (→Neighbours: Updated links)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)| Maramureş | |
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| Facts | |
| Region: | Transylvania |
| Capital city: | Baia-Mare |
| Indicative: | MM |
| Population: | 533,162 as of 2000 |
| Population density: | 85 inh/km² |
| Area: | 6,304 km² |
| Web | County council County's prefecutre |
| Telephone code | +40 x62 |
Maramureş (Hungarian: Máramaros) is a county (judeţ) in the Maramureş region, northern Romania, in the North of Transylvania with the capital city at Baia Mare (population: 149,735).
Neighbours
- Suceava County in the East.
- Satu Mare County in the West.
- Ukraine in the North - Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast and Zakarpattia Oblast.
- Sălaj County, Cluj County and Bistriţa-Năsăud County in the South.
Demographics
In 2000, it had a population of 533,162 and the population density was 85/km².
81% of the population are Romanians, 11% are Hungarians, 7% are Ukrainians and about 1.5% Rromas (Gypsy).
Geography
This county has a total area of 6,304 km². 43% of this surface is being occupied by the Rodna Mountains with the tallest peak is the Pietrosul with 2303m, and Gutâi and Ţibleş Mounaints all part of the Eastern Carpathians. The rest are either hills and plateaus or valleys. The region is crossed by Tisa River and some of its affluents: Iza, Viseu, Mara.
Economy
Maramureş is known for the persistence of its agricultural traditions, largely unaffected by industrialisation. The region escaped collectivisation under Communist dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu, with the result that local people retain a very close relationship with the land. Ploughing, planting, harvesting, hay-making and almost every demand of farming are met by manual labour.
The region is a strong mining region - generally metals other than iron; around Baia Mare some industrial complexes were built during the communist period which heavily pollute the area.
Tourism
The region is known for its strong Romanian traditions, kept generally in the rural area. It is well known for its woodworks: Impressive churces, houses and gates. The rural areas of the region have few roads, which are often impassable to all but horsecarts or determined walkers.
The main tourist attractions in the county are:
- The cities of Baia Mare and Sighetu Marmaţiei.
- The villages from the Iza, Mara and Vişeu valley.
- The Rodna Mountains.
Administrative divisions
The county has 2 municipalities, 6 towns and 62 communes.
Municipalities
Towns
Communes
History
- 10th century frontier county Borsova founded by Stephen I of Hungary
- 11th century historical Maramures counties separation from Borsova (city name Borşa shows connection with this)
- 1241 Tartar invasion killed 50% of the population
- 14th century Duke (knyaz) Bogdan of Maramrues founded Moldova
- In the Middle Ages historical Maramures county was known for its rich salt mines and later for its lumber resources.
- As a result of decisions taken at the Paris Peace Conference (Treaty of Trianon, 1920), the historical county Maramures was divided, with about three-fifths of its territory going to Czechoslovakia and the remainder, south of the Tisa River (its left bank), going to Romania.