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Paleobiota of the Hell Creek Formation

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Theropods

Theropod dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Taxa Presence Description Images

Genus:

  1. Avisaurus archibaldi
 An enantiornithine.
Chirostenotes sp.
Nanotyrannus
Tyrannosaurus

Genus:

  1. Chirostenotes sp.
 A large oviraptorosaur.

Genus:

  1. Elmisaurus elegans
 An oviraptorosaur, possibly a species of Chirostenotes. Also found in the Judith River Formation.

Genus:

  1. Nanotyrannus lancensis
 A small tyrannosaur, possibly synonymous with Tyrannosaurus.

Genus:

  1. Ornithomimus sp.
 An ornithomimid.

Genus:

  1. Paronychodon lacustris
 A common coelurosaur, possibly dromaeosaurid. Also found in the Fruitland, Judith River, Lance, and Laramie Formations.

Genus:

  1. Richardoestesia gilmorei
 A common coelurosaur, possibly synonymous with Paronychodon. Also found in the Aguja, Judith River, Lance, Oldman, and Scollard Formations.

Genus:

  1. Struthiomimus sedens
 A large ornithomimid.

Genus:

  1. Tyrannosaurus rex
 A tyrannosaur, known from several specimens including a juvenile nicknamed "Jane". Also found in the Denver, Frenchman, Hill Creek South, Javelina, Kirtland, Lance, McRae, North Horn, Scollard, and Willow Creek Formations.

Deinonychosaurs

Theropod dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Taxa Presence Description Images
Family:
  1. cf. Dromaeosaurus sp.
  2. cf. Saurornitholestes sp.
  1. Placeholder.
  2. A very common dromaeosaurid.
  1. A dromaeosaurid, possibly a species of Dromaeosaurus.
File:Troodont.jpg
Troodont

Genus:

  1. Troodon sp.
 A troodontid.

Ornithischians

Ornithischian dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Taxa Presence Description Images

Genus:

  1. Ankylosaurus magniventris
 An ankylosaur. Also found in the Lance and Scollard Formations.
Ankylosaurus
File:Stygimoloch.jpg
Stygimoloch
Triceratops

Genus:

  1. Dracorex hogwartsia
 A pachycephalosaur, possibly synonymous with Pachycephalosaurus.

Genus:

  1. Edmontonia sp.
 An ankylosaur.

Family:

  1. cf. Leptoceratops sp.
  1. A primitive ceratopsian.

Genus:

  1. Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis
 A pachycephalosaur. Also found in the Judith River and Lance Formations.

Genus:

  1. Sphaerotholus bucholtzae
 A pachycephalosaur, possibly synonymous with Prenocephale.

Genus:

  1. Stygimoloch spinifer
 A pachycephalosaur, possibly synonymous with Pachycephalosaurus. Also found in the Lance Formation.

Genus:

  1. Torosaurus latus
 A ceratopsian. Also found in the Frenchman, Javelina, Kirtland, Lance, and North Horn Formations.

Genus:

  1. Triceratops horridus
  2. Triceratops prorsus
  1. Very common.
  2. Very common.
  1. A ceratopsian, very common. Also found in the Evanston, Frenchman, Kirtland, Lance, Laramie, and Scollard Formations.
  2. A ceratopsian, possibly be synonymous with T. horridus, very common. Also found in the Frenchman and Lance Formations.

Ornithopods

Ornithischian dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Taxa Presence Description Images

Genus:

  1. Anatotitan copei
 A "duck-billed" hadrosaur, possibly synonymous with Edmontosaurus.
Edmontosaurus

Genus:

  1. Edmontosaurus annectens
  2. Edmontosaurus regalis
  1. Very common.
  2. Very common.
  1. A hadrosaur. Also found in the Denver, Frenchman, Lance, Laramie, and Scollard Formations.
  2. A hadrosaur, very common. Also found in the Horseshoe Canyon, Lance, Laramie, Scollard, and St Mary River Formations.

Genus:

  1. Parasaurolophus walkeri?
 A crested lambeosaurine hadrosaur. Also found in the Dinosaur Park Formation.

Genus:

  1. Thescelosaurus garbanii
  2. Thescelosaurus neglectus
 A small ornithopod. Also found in the Frenchman, Lance, Laramie, and Scollard Formations. Includes Bugenasaura.

Plants

Plants of the Hell Creek Formation
Taxa Presence Description Images

Genus:

  1. Metasequoia sp.
 Casts of Dawn Redwood seed cones are known from the Hell Creek.

Genus:

  1. Cobbania corrugata
 A prehistoric species of water lettuce, previously assigned to the genus Pistia.

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Taxa Presence Description Images

Family:

  1. cf. Quetzalcoatlus sp.
 A single azhdarchid neck bone may belong to the genus Quetzalcoatlus.
Quetzalcoatlus
  1. Longrich, N. (2008). "A new, large ornithomimid from the Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada: Implications for the study of dissociated dinosaur remains." Palaeontology, 54(1): 983-996.
  2. Boyd, Clint A. (2009). "Taxonomic revision of the basal neornithischian taxa Thescelosaurus and Bugenasaura". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (3): 758–770. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. Henderson, M.D. and Peterson, J.E. "An azhdarchid pterosaur cervical vertebra from the Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian) of southeastern Montana." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26(1): 192–195.