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Paleobiota of the Hell Creek Formation

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Theropods

Other theropods

Miscellaneous Theropod dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Genus Species Presence Description

Avisaurus

A. archibaldi

An enantiornithine.

Paronychodon

P. lacustris

A common coelurosaur, possibly dromaeosaurid. Also found in the Fruitland, Judith River, Lance, and Laramie Formations.

Richardoestesia

R. gilmorei

A common coelurosaur, possibly synonymous with Paronychodon. Also found in the Aguja, Judith River, Lance, Oldman, and Scollard Formations.

Deinonychosaurs

Theropod dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Genus Species Presence Description Images

Dromaeosauridae

cf. Dromaeosaurus sp.

File:Troodont.jpg
Troodont

Saurornitholestes

Saurornitholestes sp.

A very common dromaeosaurid.

Troodon

Troodon sp.

A troodontid.

Oviraptorosaurs

Theropod dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Genus Species Presence Description Images

Chirostenotes

Chirostenotes sp.

A large oviraptorosaur.
Chirostenotes sp.

Chirostenotes

C. elegans

A large oviraptorosaur.

Elmisaurus

Elmisaurus elegans

An oviraptorosaur, possibly a species of Chirostenotes. Also found in the Judith River Formation.

Tyrannosaurids

Theropod dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Genus Species State Stratigraphic position Abundance Description Images

Albertosaurus

A. megagracilis

  • Montana

Remains later referred to Tyrannosaurus rex.

Nanotyrannus
Tyrannosaurus

Aublysodon

A. mirandus

  • Montana

A. molnari

  • Montana

Remains later referred to Tyrannosaurus rex.

Nanotyrannus

N. lancensis

  • Montana
 A small tyrannosaur, possibly synonymous with Tyrannosaurus.

Tyrannosaurus

T. rex

  • Montana
 A tyrannosaur, known from several specimens including a juvenile nicknamed "Jane". Also found in the Denver, Frenchman, Hill Creek South, Javelina, Kirtland, Lance, McRae, North Horn, Scollard, and Willow Creek Formations.

Ornithomimmosaurs

Theropod dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Genus Species Presence Description Images
  1. Ornithomimus sp.
 An ornithomimid.
Ornithomimus
  1. Struthiomimus sedens
 A large ornithomimid.

Ornithischians

Ornithischian dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Taxa Presence Description Images

Genus:

  1. Ankylosaurus magniventris
 An ankylosaur. Also found in the Lance and Scollard Formations.
Ankylosaurus
File:Stygimoloch.jpg
Stygimoloch
Triceratops

Genus:

  1. Dracorex hogwartsia
 A pachycephalosaur, possibly synonymous with Pachycephalosaurus.

Genus:

  1. Edmontonia sp.
 An ankylosaur.

Family:

  1. cf. Leptoceratops sp.
  1. A primitive ceratopsian.

Genus:

  1. Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis
 A pachycephalosaur. Also found in the Judith River and Lance Formations.

Genus:

  1. Sphaerotholus bucholtzae
 A pachycephalosaur, possibly synonymous with Prenocephale.

Genus:

  1. Stygimoloch spinifer
 A pachycephalosaur, possibly synonymous with Pachycephalosaurus. Also found in the Lance Formation.

Genus:

  1. Torosaurus latus
 A ceratopsian. Also found in the Frenchman, Javelina, Kirtland, Lance, and North Horn Formations.

Genus:

  1. Triceratops horridus
  2. Triceratops prorsus
  1. Very common.
  2. Very common.
  1. A ceratopsian, very common. Also found in the Evanston, Frenchman, Kirtland, Lance, Laramie, and Scollard Formations.
  2. A ceratopsian, possibly be synonymous with T. horridus, very common. Also found in the Frenchman and Lance Formations.

Ornithopods

Ornithischian dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Taxa Presence Description Images

Genus:

  1. Anatotitan copei
 A "duck-billed" hadrosaur, possibly synonymous with Edmontosaurus.
Edmontosaurus

Genus:

  1. Edmontosaurus annectens
  2. Edmontosaurus regalis
  1. Very common.
  2. Very common.
  1. A hadrosaur. Also found in the Denver, Frenchman, Lance, Laramie, and Scollard Formations.
  2. A hadrosaur, very common. Also found in the Horseshoe Canyon, Lance, Laramie, Scollard, and St Mary River Formations.

Genus:

  1. Parasaurolophus walkeri?
 A crested lambeosaurine hadrosaur. Also found in the Dinosaur Park Formation.

Genus:

  1. Thescelosaurus garbanii
  2. Thescelosaurus neglectus
 A small ornithopod. Also found in the Frenchman, Lance, Laramie, and Scollard Formations. Includes Bugenasaura.

Plants

Plants of the Hell Creek Formation
Taxa Presence Description Images

Genus:

  1. Metasequoia sp.
 Casts of Dawn Redwood seed cones are known from the Hell Creek.

Genus:

  1. Cobbania corrugata
 A prehistoric species of water lettuce, previously assigned to the genus Pistia.

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation
Taxa Presence Description Images

Family:

  1. cf. Quetzalcoatlus sp.
 A single azhdarchid neck bone may belong to the genus Quetzalcoatlus.
Quetzalcoatlus

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Dinosaur distribution (Late Jurassic; North America; Montana)." Weishampel, et al. (2004). Pp. 584.
  2. Longrich, N. (2008). "A new, large ornithomimid from the Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada: Implications for the study of dissociated dinosaur remains." Palaeontology, 54(1): 983-996.
  3. Boyd, Clint A. (2009). "Taxonomic revision of the basal neornithischian taxa Thescelosaurus and Bugenasaura". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (3): 758–770. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  4. Henderson, M.D. and Peterson, J.E. "An azhdarchid pterosaur cervical vertebra from the Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian) of southeastern Montana." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26(1): 192–195.

References

  • Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.