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Byllis (Ancient Greek, "Βύλλις")was an Ancient Greek polis built at the site of an Illyrian settlement of the Bylliones.The tribe itself was under Hellenization early on.
It was situated west of Avlona (modern Vlorë), 25 kilometers from the sea, near the modern village of Gradica.
The Ancient Polis
The elongated triangular urban area of 30 hectares was one of around 2200 meters long surrounding protected. This was originally 8-9 meters high, about 2.5 meters high and consisted in the lower rectangular area, in the stratified layers of limestone blocks. There were six trained as an entrance corridor doors, on their barrel vaults were built watchtowers. Of the four hectares of Agora in the city center are still remnants of adjacent columns halls (Stoa) received. The theater in the middle of the 3rd Century BC with a diameter of 80 meters, provided space for 7500 spectators. The population of Byllis to 7000 at the time estimated that it was therefore also for the surrounding villages thought. For drinking water served a 50-meter-long tank with a barrel vault.
The remains of five basilicas have been excavated so far. The largest basilica was the beginning of the 5th Century, the Central Area (Naos) consisted of three columns separated by vessels upstream were Narthex and portico. Attached was a small baptistery. As a church bishop told the investment end of the 5th and in the 6th Century, numerous extensions. Excellently preserved mosaic floors were uncovered (these are currently covered with sand). In the 6th Century under Emperor Justinian, the third city on its surface and by a reduced along with the original urban area segregated end wall. Its construction was also ashlar stones and steps of the ancient seat theater is used.
The general interest has been because of its historical significance until today, more on the city of Apollonia addressed. Byllis deserves, given the vast, only partially excavated ruins of field as the largest city foundation südillyrische similar attention. The excavations carried out carefully, so far without a restoration of foreign materials.
Koinon of the Bylliones
Koinon of the Bylliones (Template:Lang-el) was a coalition of Ancient Greeks (a community having one or two poleis) attested after 232 BC. Byllis considered Nikaea as one of its Demes. Nikaia was a member of the koinon as a 2nd century BC inscription indicates. Inscriptions at both Byllis and Nikaia begin in the middle of the 4th century BC and are both in ancient Greek as are institutions and the gods worshiped. The koinon was restricted to Byllis and Nikaia.
During Roman and Byzantine rule
Under the Romans, it was part of the province of Epirus Nova. Hierocles (653, 4) knows only of Byllis. Felix, Bishop of Apollonia and Byllis, was present at the First Council of Ephesus, in 431. At the Council of Chalcedon in 451, Eusebius subscribes simply as Bishop of Apollonia; on the other hand, Philocharis subscribes as Bishop of Byllis only in the letter of the bishops of Epirus Nova to the Byzantine Emperor Leo I in 458.
In later years it retained only a titular bishop in the Roman Catholic church, whose title is often added to that of Apollonia among the suffragans of the archbishopric of Dyrrachium.
References
- An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation,ISBN 0198140991,2005,page 1333,"refounded as a Hellenic Byllis not yet a polls in 400"
- Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0631198075,Page 97,"... the Bylliones beyond the river Aous in the hinterland of Apollonia . Their hill-settlement developed later into the town of Byllis, at Gradisht on the right bank of the Aous. ..."
- The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 6: The Fourth Century BC by D. M. Lewis (Editor), John Boardman (Editor), Simon Hornblower (Editor), M. Ostwald (Editor),ISBN 0521233488,1994,page 423,"Through contact with their Greek neighbors some Illyrian tribe became bilingual (Strabo Vii.7.8.Diglottoi) in particular the Bylliones and the Taulantian tribes close to Epidamnus"
- Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization,page 144,"excavations have brought it to light a distance about 25 km from the sea"
- Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization,page 144, the basically Greek character of its inhabitants
- Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Volume XXXIX: 1989 επεξεργασία από H. W. Pleket,"The Koinon of the Bylliones does not necessarily refer to an..."
- The Illyrians by John Wilkes,page 97,"attested after 232 BC"
- Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Volume XXXIX: 1989 επεξεργασία από H. W. Pleket,Byllis she regards Nikaia and other places as demes of the polis Byllis
- An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,page 346
- Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization,page 144,'The texts of the inscriptions of these two cities..."
- L. Robert "Discours inaugaural", L' Illyrie meridionale et L'Epire dans l'antiquite, Actes du colloque international de Clermont-Ferrand 1984 (Clermont-Ferrand) 14
See also
External links
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
40°32′25″N 19°44′15″E / 40.54028°N 19.73750°E / 40.54028; 19.73750