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Infraparticles are "charged particles permanently surrounded by an infinite cloud of soft photons below the visibility limit".

In electrodynamics and quantum electrodynamics, in addition to the global U(1) symmetry related to the electric charge, there are also position dependent gauge transformations. Noether's theorem states that for every infinitesimal symmetry transformation that is local (local in the sense that the transformed value of a field at a given point only depends on the field configuration in an arbitrarily small neighborhood of that point), there is a corresponding conserved charge called the Noether charge, which is the space integral of a Noether density (assuming the integral converges and there is a Noether current satisfying the continuity equation).

References

1. Bert Schroer (2008). "A note on infraparticles and unparticles". arXiv:0804.3563 .

Further reading

• D. Buchholz (1986). Physics Letters B. 174: 331. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

• Electrodynamics
• Quantum field theory