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102nd Intelligence Wing
A shield ringed in gold encases a view of the northeastern United States. Jets are visible against the background.102d Intelligence Wing emblem
Active	1946–present
Country	United States
Allegiance	United States Air Force
Branch	Air National Guard/Air Combat Command
Type	Wing
Role	Ground-based distributed radar installation
Size	950 members Including:80 officers 745 enlisted personnel
Part of	Air National Guard/Air Combat Command
Garrison/HQ	Otis ANGB, Massachusetts
Nickname(s)	"Eagle Keepers" "Bear Chasers"
Motto(s)	"Omnis Vir Tigris" Everyone A Tiger
Equipment	Distributed Common Ground Systems Air Operations Center
Engagements	World War II Operation Noble Eagle
Decorations	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Personnel Center Awards Search (Post-1991)
Commanders
Commander	Colonel Anthony E. Schiavi
Vice Commander	Colonel Christina G. Stevens
Command Chief	Chief Master Sargeant Wayne M. Raymondo

The United States Air Force's 102nd Intelligence Wing (102 IW), of the Massachusetts Air National Guard, is a military intelligence unit located at Otis Air National Guard Base, Massachusetts. It is a parent unit of the 101st Air Operations Squadron. According to the Air Force, the history of the 102nd begins with the 318th Fighter Group, which was active during World War II. After the war, the latter was inactivated and eventually the 102nd was formed with a direct lineage. In 1946, the 102nd was activated at Logan International Airport where it stayed until 1968, when it moved to Otis. Also beginning in 1946 were regular patrols of the Northeastern United States, which ran in conjunction with the regular duty wings of the Air Force. This practice continued until 1973 when the Air Force removed the last active duty wings at Otis, leaving the 102nd with the duty to patrol the Northeast.

During the time that the wing has a flying mission, the wing deployed to many locations around the globe to assist in missions for the Air Force. In 1961, the wing deployed to France during the Berlin Crisis. In 1989, the wing deployed to Panama during Operation Coronet Nighthawk. It also participated in Operation Northern Watch, helping to patrol the No-Fly Zone north of the 36th parallel in Iraq. During the September 11th attacks, the 102nd Fighter Wing deployed the first Air Force aircraft toward New York City, but they arrived too late to help stop the attacks.

Over the years, the wing has been the controller of many other Air National Guard units. Following the deactivation of the 67th Fighter Wing in November 1950, the wing came in control of a few fighter units on the Atlantic Coast. In 1976, the wing even became the head of the 147th Fighter Interceptor Group, which is located in Texas.

Military downsizing through the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process removed the wing's F-15C Eagles beginning in 2007, leaving the 102nd with an intelligence gathering mission which will become fully active in 2010. It is one of three Air National Guard wings that works with the Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency.

Mission

The 102nd's mission is to provide world wide precision intelligence and command and control, along with trained and experienced airmen for expeditionary combat support and homeland security. This goes along with the Air Force mission for the ability of joint force commanders to keep pace with information and incorporate it into a campaign plan.

The mission of the wing ties into that of the Air National Guard's mission of maintaining well-trained and well-equipped units that will be available for immediate mobilization during war and will provide assistance during national emergencies such as natural disasters and civil disturbances.

History

Origins

After World War I ended, the Army showed interest in organizing aviation assets for the National Guard system. At the time, aircraft were attached to infantry units, similar to other weapons like artillery. Guard units without their own aircraft needed assets from other forces to co-operate with them. The War Department agreed The Guard should organize aviation squadrons as an organic part of the 18 infantry divisions assigned to the National Guard.

In Massachusetts, the Archie Club, comprising former Army Air Service pilots, lobbied for the formation of an air unit for the Massachusetts National Guard. The state had earlier been allotted the entire 26th Guard Division. On June 27, 1921, the Adjutant General of Massachusetts authorized the organization of the 101st Observation Squadron, and within weeks, 15 veteran World War I pilots were commissioned and assigned to the 101st under the command of Capt. James K. Knowles. The 101st built its own air base on land-filled tidal flats at Jeffries Point, East Boston. The 101st flew its Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny" aircraft throughout New England at air shows, county fairs and other events, and held two-week summer camps to simulate forward deployments. Pilots flew their Curtiss O-11s to temporary fields on Cape Cod while ground crews followed in trucks. One of these fields became Cape Cod Airport.

In 1933 Jeffery Field was rebuilt with new hangars and administrative buildings, and renamed Logan Airport in honor of Major General Edward L. Logan, who commanded the 26th Division from 1923 to 1928. The 101st was ordered into state service in 1936 and 1938 during a flood and hurricane to fly observation missions and to drop food and equipment to stranded fishermen and the residents of Isle au Haut, Maine. The 101st gained attention when it played a part in the United States Army Air Service's flight around the world. The flight was the crowning achievement in United States aviation because it succeeded where five other nations had failed. The 101st serviced the aircraft at Boston which was on the flight leg from Canada to Washington D.C.. It also serviced the Spirit of St. Louis when Charles Lindbergh visited the state.

World War II

101st Squadron

In 1940, the 101st was separated from the 26th Infantry Division and in November was ordered into active federal service for intensive training. The 101st’s 25 officers and 133 enlisted men initially remained at Logan until July 31, 1941 when moving to Otis Field at Camp Edwards. Otis Field was named after 1st Lt Frank J. Otis, Jr., MD, a 101st flight surgeon killed in a flying accident in 1938. The 101st participated in the North Carolina maneuvers in the fall of 1941 and returned to Otis on December 6, 1941.

Following the outbreak of World War II, the 101st flew anti-submarine patrols off the New England coast until September 10, 1942. By then, many of its original members had been reassigned during the expansion of the Army Air Forces. During the next two years, the 101st was transferred to several bases and on May 20, 1944 had its mission re-designated as the 39th Photo Reconnaissance Squadron. It joined the Ninth Air Force and deployed to the European Theater in December 1944 with 45 officers and 297 enlisted men. The 39th flew P-38 Lightnings and P-51 Mustangs during operational missions from January 1945 to the end of the war in May. The 39th returned to the United States in August 1945, was re-designated 101st Fighter Squadron in May 1946, and then disbanded two months later.

Veterans of the 101st and Army Air Force reorganized the 101st at Logan Airport on July 29, 1946. The squadron was equipped with the P-47 Thunderbolt and was federally recognized on October 15, 1946. This meant that they had met all the requirements to be a unit and has been recognized by the military establishment as a part of the force.

318th Fighter Group

The 102nd Intelligence Wing traces its roots to the 318th Fighter Group which was formed in 1942. It fought in the Pacific as part of bomber escort missions to Japan, and participated in aircraft carrier operations, rarely experienced by the Army Air Force. The 318th returned to the United States after the war, was deactivated on January 12, 1946 and then reactivated as the 102nd Fighter Group on May 22, 1946.

Cold War

In the post-war era the National Guard Bureau began a major expansion of its air units. Massachusetts was allotted the 67th Fighter Wing, which consisted of the 101st Fighter Squadron, the 131st Fighter Squadron, the 132nd Fighter Squadron, the 202nd Air Service Group, 601st Signal Construction Company, 101st Communications Squadron, 101st Air Control Squadron, 151st Air Control and Warning Group, 567th Air Force Band, 101st Weather Flight and the 1801st Aviation Engineer Company. The 67th Wing was assigned to Air Defense Command. In 1950, the 67th Fighter Wing was deactivated and the 102nd Fighter Group took its place. When the 102nd took command, it lost every unit except the 101st Fighter Squadron, the 131st, the 567th, and the 1801st.

Guard units were generally neglected when the United States Air Force was created. Despite the introduction of jet fighters, the Guard units were left with generally overused World War II propeller aircraft, and had few funds for training. As the Cold War intensified, the Air Force looked to the Guard to fill United States-based interception missions and started overhauling their organization. On November 1, 1950 the 67th Fighter Wing was deactivated and replaced by the 102nd Fighter Wing, including just the 101st and 131st squadrons and their associated support units, and at some point before 1961 the wing was renamed a Tactical Fighter Wing. The squadrons were issued F-84B Thunderjets, but these were recalled and replaced by F-51 Mustangs which were flown until 1954 when the F-94 Starfire replaced the Mustangs. In 1952 the 253rd Combat Communications Group was activated and added to the 102nd. In 1958 the Wing converted to the F-86H Sabre.

From 1956 to 1976, the 102nd was commanded by Brigadier General Charles W. Sweeney, pilot of the B-29 Superfortress that dropped the Fat Man nuclear bomb on Nagasaki, Japan. During his tenure the wing developed from a rather new unit to the mainstay of air defense in the Northeastern United States.

Berlin Wall Crisis

On August 16, 1961, when the Berlin Wall crisis was unfolding, several United States Air Force Reserve units were notified of their pending recall to active duty. On October 1 the Massachusetts Air National Guard's 102nd Tactical Fighter Wing and its three squadrons, the 101st, 131st and 138th assumed active duty at Otis Air Force Base.

In late October the 102nd departed Logan for Phalsbourg-Bourscheid Air Base, Phalsbourg, France. The wing had 82 Sabres, plus two C-47 Skytrains and six T-33 Shooting Stars for support and training purposes. During the crisis, the wing controlled the 102nd Tactical Fighter Group, the 104th Tactical Fighter Group, and the 174th Tactical Fighter Group from New York. The 102nd's primary mission was to provide close air support to NATO ground forces, including the Seventh Army, and air interdiction. During the blockade, the 102nd did not incur any losses. Starting on December 5, 1961 the 102nd began deploying to Wheelus Air Base, Libya for gunnery training.

During its time in Europe, the 102nd participated in several United States Air Force and North Atlantic Treaty Organization exercises, including a deployment to Leck Air Base, West Germany near the Danish border. At Leck, ground and support crews from both countries exchanged duties, learning how to perform aircraft maintenance and operational support tasks.

The 102nd deployed back to the United States in August 1962. Regular Air Force personnel and a group of Air National Guard personnel who volunteered to remain on active duty formed the 480th Tactical Fighter Squadron of the newly activated 366th Tactical Fighter Wing.

Relocation to Otis

In 1968, the 102nd Tactical Fighter Wing moved to Otis Air Force Base, and was reassigned from Air Defense Command to Tactical Air Command the next year. The wing flew the F-84F Thunderstreak from 1964 until June 1971, when a squadron of F-100D Super Sabres was transferred directly from units fighting the Vietnam War. These were superseded soon after by the Mach 2 F-106 Delta Darts and on June 10, 1972, the unit became the 102nd Air Defense Wing. On December 30, 1973, Otis Air Force Base was inactivated and transferred to the Massachusetts Air National Guard as Otis Air National Guard Base.

The wing intercepted Soviet Tupolev Tu-95 Bear bombers on many occasions, the first of which occurred off Long Island on April 25, 1975. Many of these incidents involved escorting the Bears to Cuba. The wing occasionally shadowed drug smuggling aircraft, and on one occasion was scrambled to escort an unidentified object, which later turned out to be a weather balloon.

In 1976, the 102nd Fighter Interceptor Group was deactivated and re-formed as the 102nd Fighter Interceptor Wing, assuming authority for the 177th and 125th Fighter Interceptor Groups in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Jacksonville, Florida, and for the 107th and 147th Fighter Interceptor Groups, flying F-4C Phantom at Niagara Falls, New York, and Ellington Field, Texas.

The 102nd Fighter Interceptor Wing deactivated its F-106s on January 5, 1988. Between January and April 1988, the wing converted to the F-15A Eagle, which it received from a unit deactivating at Minot Air Force Base. It then resumed its alert commitment at Otis, and also established a new Detachment 1 at Loring Air Force Base. The 102nd was the first Air National Guard unit to be equipped with the F-15.

On January 24, 1989, airmen monitoring the radar at the Northeast Air Defense Sector at Griffiss Air Force Base spotted a plane which was not following any known flight plan. The order was then given to "scramble the Eagles," after repeated attempts to contact the pilot failed. Two jets then took off from Loring to search for the "unknown rider." The pilots later came across a plane that was blacked out, with no lights on on the inside or outside. The pilot, Diego Jose Ganuza was a narcotics smuggler from Colombia's Medellin drug cartel. The 500 kilograms of cocaine that he was carrying had a street value of two hundred million dollars.

Post-Cold War

Local defense

The wing continued its air defense mission after the fall of the Soviet Union. In 1992, the wing deployed eight pilots, five F-15 Eagles, and 48 maintenance and security personnel, for five days training at Canadian Forces Base Goose Bay, Labrador, Canada. The same year, with the reorganization of the Air Force, the wing was reassigned from the disbanding Tactical Air Command to the new Air Combat Command. In July 1993, the wing deployed 50 personnel from the 102nd Civil Engineering Squadron under field conditions, to the island of Eleuthera in the Bahamas. They helped rebuild schools and municipal facilities damaged by Hurricane Andrew.

On February 11, 1993, jets were scrambled to intercept the hijacked Lufthansa Flight 592, which eventually landed at John F. Kennedy International Airport without incident. The planes were joined by F-16s from the 177th Fighter Wing in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The F-15s initially intercepted the aircraft off the coast of eastern Canada, trailing at a distance of 10-mile (16 km), which decreased to 5-mile (8.0 km) as the plane got closer to the airport. The fighters then did a low fly-by as the plane landed. They continued to circle around the airport until they returned back to Otis.

Deployments

Between 1991 and 1995 the wing deployed to Panama as part of Operation Coronet Nighthawk, a drug interdiction operation. In 1992 the wing became simply the 102nd Fighter Wing as part of a Air Force-wide renaming of units. From 1995 to 1998 the wing deployed to Iceland for 45 days of air defense duty. During 1998 members both trained for and carried out assignments in Iceland, Canada, Korea, and Europe. In 1999 the wing participated in Operation Northern Watch when it deployed with its F-15s to Turkey to patrol and enforce the no-fly zone north of the 36th Parallel in northern Iraq. The wing again deployed more than 350 personnel to the Middle East and Europe in 2000 to participate in Operation Southern Watch.

9/11 terrorist attacks

Around 8:30 on the morning of September 11, 2001, the Otis Air Base operations center received a call from the Federal Aviation Administration's Cape Cod Facility Calls Operations Center that it might be receiving a call from the North American Aerospace Defense Command's Northeast Air Defense Sector. The manager of the Cape Cod facility then called the 102nd at Otis Air National Guard Base as the they figured "...a call will be coming from NEADS soon and a scramble order is likely." He called the base because he figured that the pilots would appreciate the heads up. When he called the Otis operations center, the superintendent of aviation management Mark Rose answered. He was initially confused by the call as no identification was given. Lieutenant Colonel Timothy Duffy was then handed the phone and alerted of the situation. On his radio, he called Major Daniel Nash, who was the other alert pilot who was on duty and told him to get ready for the alert call. They then got suited up and headed out to their jets.

Soon after, the commander of the 101st Fighter Squadron phoned the Northeast Air Defense Sector and asked for permission to launch the fighter jets. The Northeast Air Defense Sector responded by ordering Major Kevin Nasypany, the commander of the Weapons team which controlled the fighters, to put the jets on "battle stations." This resulted in a warning siren sounding at Otis and the pilots scrambled to their jets. Four to five minutes later, the scramble order was received and the jets took off. Officially, this occurred at 8:46 am, with a six minute difference between the official and unofficial accounts. Duffy radioed his command post for guidance and was told among other things that Flight 11 was a Boeing 737, when in reality it was a 767. Once in the air, their radar kicked in, allowing them to effectively intercept the plane.

Difficulties in accurately locating Flight 11 caused a delay of five minutes, to 8:43 am, before the scramble order was given and pilots Duffy and Nash could respond. When Flight 11 hit the North Tower at 8:46, the two jets were still readying for flight and did not take off until 8:52 am.

Major Naspany was then asked what to do with the fighters and he responded by saying, "Send 'em to New York City still. Continue! Go! This is what I got. Possible news that a 737 just hit the World Trade Center. This is a real-world...Continue taking the fighters down to the New York City area, JFK area, if you can. Make sure that the FAA clears it—your route all the way through...Let's press with this." Unsure of their target, they were directed to a holding pattern in military-controlled airspace Whiskey 105 off Long Island to avoid New York area air traffic. At 9:03 am, Flight 175 hit the South Tower as the fighters were progressing to their holding position. The Northeast Air Defense Sector was not advised of this hijacked aircraft until 9:03. From 9:09 to 9:13 the F-15s stayed in the holding pattern until heading for Manhattan where they arrived at 9.25 to establish a Combat Air Patrol (CAP) over the area.

Meanwhile at Otis, the senior battle staff were watching the news when they saw Flight 175 hit the South Tower. One commander immediately shouted out, "We need to go to battle staff!" The senior commanders then dispersed and headed toward the adjacent operations building, where they reconvened in the battle cab of the installation operations center. A voice sounds out over the base’s loudspeakers: "The commander has ordered the 102nd core battle staff to assemble. Please report to the operations building immediately." Eventually the officers began to mobilize the wing. At the time, 18 planes were available for flight. Commanders began to start anticipating what they would be called upon to do and began to prepare. Since there had never been an attack on the country, they were mostly guessing on what would happen. They also knew that they could not await for guidance from North American Aerospace Defense Command. They immediately recalled all the wing's training flights and began loading fuel and weapons onto all the available fighter jets.

The maintenance squadron officer was told by an officer at the base's battle cab, "Listen, I want you to generate as many airframes as you can!" Immediately, all personnel were recalled and ordered to work on the available jets. Some planes had newer missiles put on, some which were rarely pulled out. Six planes which were away on a training mission were going through the Whiskey airspace when they were told by both Boston Center and the base to get back immediately. The jets then arrived back safely and were told to immediately park their jets on the flightline and keep the engines on. The first planes took off at 10:20 am in the morning.

Eventually, Otis received the order to launch all available fighters. The pilots were told that there is a national emergency and that they might have to take out an aircraft. Someone then ran into the briefing room and told others that an order had been received from the Northeast Air Defense Sector that all available jets must launch. Speaker Treacey then told the pilots, "Go, go, go!" and then the pilots ran out to their aircraft. Unfortunately, there was not enough time for the jets to be refueled and most of the fighters were still unarmed. Only a handful of the jets were loaded with weapons. The first two jets later that morning that were scrambled were unarmed. Even though the arming of the planes began fifteen minutes after the South Tower was hit, the task of the weapons handlers was still uncompleted. Reportedly, the handlers worked at a "furious pace" and "hurried to fix all available jets with live weapons." Some planes were even sent up with one missile, instead of the standard two. This lends credence to the fact that the country thought of ramming any hijacked planes. The planes then took off in pairs around 10:30 am, with all 21 planes being launched by 6:00 pm.

Conspiracy link

After the initial shock of the attacks had passed, questions arose about how the military handled the hijacking and subsequent response with the jets. Some thought that the jets had been purposely kept from flying immediately to New York City. The questions arising from the response time of the jets come from the practice of Cold War era policies which prohibited the immediate response to an emergency like a hijacking. First responder and pilot Daniel Nash said that he could not recall being told that the North Tower was hit but he did remember seeing the smoke over 70-mile (110 km) away. It is also claimed by conspiracists that the calculations of North American Aerospace Defense Command were incorrect because according to their own calculations, the planes were flying at 24% of their maximum speed. This statement takes into account the time in which the planes were in a holding pattern over military airspace. The jets were also prohibited from going supersonic over land by Federal Aviation Administration rules. These rules are meant to prevent damage to buildings from the shock wave a sonic boom produces.

Global War on Terror

Operation Noble Eagle

More than 600 wing members were mobilized for Operation Noble Eagle at different times. The wing began flying around-the-clock combat air patrols missions immediately thereafter, and continued doing so until February 2002. In the buildup to the invasion of Afghanistan, six F-15s and 161 personnel were sent to the Persian Gulf region. The wing also patrolled the skies of the Northeastern United States during this time period. The wing though never deployed for Operation Iraqi Freedom. The wing converted from the F-15A/B to the F-15C/D in 2004. These planes came from Kadena Air Base.

BRAC 2005

The Base Realignment and Closure 2005 commission originally planned to close Otis Air National Guard Base and dissolve the 102nd. Locals argued that this would leave a huge gap in the national air defenses. Commission officials, after visiting the base, decided to keep it open, but the 102nd would still lose its planes, only this time they were only going to the 104th Fighter Wing, based at Barnes Municipal Airport.

The wing hosted the Cape Cod Air Show & Open House, its last air show with the F-15C Eagle at the end of Air Force Week in August, 2007. The wing shared a commonality with the 101st Air Refueling Wing, the 103d Fighter Wing, and the 104th Fighter Wing, which due to commission decisions, also changed the type of planes that they flew. Beginning in 2007, the F-15s began moving to Barnes Municipal Airport. With the grounding of the F-15 Eagles, the 158th Fighter Wing, which is based in Vermont took over the role of patrolling the Northeast's skies earlier than expected. This interruption of the F-15's flight, coinciding with the transitioning of the fighter jets to the 104th Fighter Wing, created some issues. The move was originally scheduled to be completed at the end of January, but the grounding of the F-15's in late 2007 and early 2008 delayed this move to the end of February.

On January 24, 2008, the 102d Fighter Wing flew its last patrol mission. The unit's wing commander, Colonel Anthony Schiavi, led the flight, accompanied by Major Daniel Nash, who was one of the first responders for 9/11. Fire trucks were on hand when the team landed a half-hour later, giving the planes and the pilots the customary ceremonial hose-down for the last time.

New mission

When it was announced that the wing would be restructured and Otis Air National Guard Base would remain open, discussions began about the future of the 102nd. Staff of the 102nd and those at Massachusetts Air National Guard headquarters considered a plan centered around the idea that the wing could transition to an intelligence mission to support the growing War On Terror. The idea hit a roadblock when it was announced that the funds which the wing could use to convert into its new mission had been depleted.

Eventually, Governor Deval Patrick announced that the wing would adopt an intelligence role as soon as the aircraft left. Original Base Realignment and Closure commission plans only hinted at a Distributed Common Ground Station being created at Otis. These plans did not include the air guardsmen affected by the loss of their jobs. The issue was resolved when the Air Force announced its plans, right before the F-15s started to leave for Barnes.

The 102nd Fighter Wing was formally re-designated 102nd Intelligence Wing on April 6, 2008 and was planned to reach full operational capacity in 2010.

Members of the wing had the option of moving with the F-15s to Barnes, but most decided to stay behind and train for new missions. The crash trucks went to Barnes, leaving the brush breakers of the Massachusetts Military Reservation behind. The buildings formerly occupied by the fighter wing, including the hangars, will be occupied by the intelligence mission.

On November 6, 2009, ground was broken on new facilities for the 102nd Intelligence Wing. The building will eventually replace the temporary facilities that the wing is now operating in.

Units assigned

Current

102nd Intelligence Wing	Colonel Anthony Schiavi
102nd Intelligence Group	102nd Air Operations Group	102nd Mission Support Group	102nd Medical Group
101st Intelligence Squadron	101st Air Operations Squadron	102nd Force Support Squadron
102nd Intelligence Support Squadron	102nd Air Intelligence Squadron	102nd Security Forces Squadron
102nd Operations Support Squadron	102nd Air Communication Squadron	102nd Civil Engineer Squadron
	202nd Weather Flight	102nd Communications Flight
		102nd Contracting Office
		102nd Environmental Management Office
		102nd Logistics Readiness Squadron

Former

102nd Fighter Wing	Colonel Anthony Schiavi
102nd Operations Group	102nd Maintenance Group	102nd Mission Support Group	102nd Medical Group
101st Fighter Squadron	102nd Aircraft Maintenance Squadron	102nd Civil Engineering Squadron	102nd Medical Squadron
102nd Operations Support Flight	102nd Maintenance Squadron	102nd Communications Squadron
202nd Weather Flight	102nd Maintenance Operations Flight	102nd Security Forces Squadron
		102nd Mission Support Flight
		102nd Student Pilot Flight
		102nd Services Flight

Notes

1. "102nd Fighter Wing". Ken Middleton. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
2. 2008.pdf "Commander Environmental Statement" (PDF). 102IW Public Affairs office. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
3. ^ "102 IW Mission". 102nd Intelligence Wing Public Affairs Office. Retrieved 23 April 2009. Cite error: The named reference "Mission" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
4. ^ "Commonwealth of Massachusetts Military Division, Air National Guard History". National Guard Museum & Archives. 29 May 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
5. ^ "History of the 102nd Intelligence Wing". United States Air Force. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
6. ^ "The 102nd Fighter Wing". Philippe Colin. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
7. "Indiana Code 10-16-1-10. "Federally recognized national guard"". Indiana: Lawserver.com. 2009. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
8. ^ "Air Force Combat Units of World War II — Part 5". Maurer, Maurer. 1986. Retrieved 10 August 2008.
9. ^ "Today in Guard History (August) History". National Guard. 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2008. Cite error: The named reference "one" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
10. "390th Fighter Squadron". Globalsecurity.org. 26 April 2005. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
11. ^ "Otis sees its last landing". Boston News. 29 May 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
12. McKenna, Pat. "The Border Guards-NORAD: The eyes and ears of North America". Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station: United States Air Force. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
13. ^ "Global Security History of the 102d Fighter Wing". Global Security. 29 May 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
14. ^ "Profile: Otis Air National Guard Base". Falmouth, Massachusetts: Historycommons.org. 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
15. Rogers, B. (2006). United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. ISBN 1-85780-197-0
16. "Flight Path Study — American Airlines Flight 11" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. 19 February 2002. Retrieved 25 May 2008.
17. ^ "'We Have Some Planes'". National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. 2004. Retrieved 25 May 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
18. "9/11 recordings chronicle confusion, delay". CNN. 17 June 2004. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
19. "US considered 'suicide jet missions'". Falmouth, Massachusetts: BBC. 29 August 2002. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
20. ^ "'Conspiracies!'". London: Telegraph.co.uk. 7 July 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2008.
21. Eggen, Dan (2 August 2006). "'9/11 Panel Suspected Deception by Pentagon'". Washington Post. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
22. Pike, John (22 January 2009). "Supersonic Transports (SST)". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
23. Blackburn, A.W. (July, 1988). "High-Speed Environmental Cruise Concerns". Transportation Research Board of the National Archives. Retrieved 27 April 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
24. "U.S. force buildup under way". USA Today. 20 September 2001. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
25. "102nd Fighter Wing, Massachusetts ANG". The AMARC Experience. 16 August 2006. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
26. ^ "Displays". capecodairshow2007.org. 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
27. Haskell, Bob (August 2007). "The On Guard" (PDF). United States Air National Guard. p. 2. Retrieved 24 April 2010.
28. ^ "'A Falcon for an Eagle". airforce-magazine.com. 14 December 2007. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
29. "CapeCodTimes.com — New Otis mission in limbo". Cape Cod Times. 29 May 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
30. ^ "Otis Air Base 'Secure'". Cape Cod Times. 17 September 2007. Retrieved 25 November 2008.
31. "Department of the Air Force" (PDF). United States Air Force. August, 2005. Retrieved 7 November 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
32. "A change of the Guard at Otis". Massachusetts National Guard. 7 April 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
33. "Units". Falmouth, Massachusetts: 102nd Intelligence Wing Public Affairs Office. 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
34. "FY05 Annual Report Final" (PDF). Massachusetts National Guard. 29 May 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.

References

• World Airpower Journal. (1992). US Air Force Air Power Directory. Aerospace Publishing: London, UK. ISBN 1-880588-01-3
• Rogers, B. (2006). United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. Midland. ISBN 1-85780-197-0

External links

• 102nd Intelligence Wing
• 102nd Fighter Wing Image Results

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Wings and Groups Wings Composite 108th 113th 118th 119th 127th 140th 154th 175th 176th 178th 188th Air Control 116th Airlift 103d 105th 107th 109th 120th 123d 130th 133d 136th 139th 143d 145th 146th 152d 153d 156th 164th 165th 166th 167th 172d 179th 182d 189th Air Refueling 101st 117th 121st 126th 128th 134th 137th 141st 151st 155th 157th 161st 168th 171st 185th 186th 190th Attack 110th 174th Bomb 131st Fighter 52d* 53d* 54th* 55th* 60th* 61st* 62d* 63d* 66th* 67th* 71st* 86th* 104th 106th* 111th 114th 115th 122d 124th 125th 132d 138th 142d 144th 148th 149th 150th 159th 162d 169th 173d 177th 180th 183d 187th 192d Intelligence 102d 181st 184th Reconnaissance 147th 163d Regional Support 194th Rescue 106th 129th Special Operations 150th 193d Groups Composite 170th Airlift 135th* Air Operations 102d 152d 157th Air Refueling 112th* 127th 160th* Combat Communications 162d 163d 201st 226th 252d 254th 281st* Cyberspace Engineering Installation 251st 253d Operations 140th Reconnaissance 214th
Squadrons Flying Air Command and Control 128th Airlift 109th 115th 118th 130th 135th* 137th 139th 142d 143d 144th 155th 156th 158th 164th 165th 167th 169th 180th 181st 183d 186th 187th 189th* 192d 198th* 200th 201st 204th 249th Air Refueling 106th 108th 116th 117th 126th 132d 133d 141st 145th* 146th 147th 151st 153d 166th 168th 171st 173d 174th 191st 197th 203d Attack 103d 105th 111th 124th 136th 138th 160th 162d 172d 178th 184th 196th 214th Bomb 110th Fighter 100th 104th 107th 112th 114th 119th 120th 121st 122d 123d 125th 131st 134th 148th 149th 152d 157th 159th 163d 170th* 175th 176th 179th 182d 190th 194th 195th 199th Rescue 101st 102d 103d 129th 130th 131st 188th 210th 211th 212th Special Operations 150th 185th 193d Training 154th Non-Flying Air Control 103d 109th 116th 117th 123d 128th 133d 134th 141st 176th 255th Air Operations 112th Air Support 113th ASOS 172d Air Traffic Control 243rd 245th 270th Civil Engineering 285th Civil Engineering Squadron Combat Communications 143d 147th 149th 206th 221st 222d 223d 225th 228th 231st 232d 234th 236th 239th 240th 242d 244th 256th 261st 262d 263d 264th 265th 267th 269th 271st 272d 280th 282d 283d 291st 292d 293d Command and Control 119th 127th 153d 222d Engineering Installation 130th 202d 205th 210th 211th 212th 213th 214th 215th 217th 218th 219th 220th 241st 243d 270th 272d Force Support 187th Information Warfare Aggressor 177th Intelligence 101st 117th 123d 152d 161st 194th 234th Joint Communications Support 224th 290th Logistics Readiness 187th RED HORSE 202d 203d 819th Security Forces 187th Space Control 114th Space Operations 111th 148th Space Warning 137th 213th Special Operations Communications 193d 280th Special Tactics 125th Asterisk (*) denotes an inactive unit

v t e United States Air Force in France
Bases (inactive)	Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport Chambley-Bussières Air Base Chateauroux Air Station (formerly Depot) Chaumont–Semoutiers Air Base Dreux-Louvilliers Air Base Étain-Rouvres Air Base Évreux-Fauville Air Base Laon-Couvron Air Base Orly Air Base Phalsbourg-Bourscheid Air Base Toul-Rosières Air Base NATO Dispersed Operating Bases
Wings	10th TRW 21st FBW 23d HS 25th TRW 26th TRW 38th TBW 48th FBW 49th FBW 50th FBW 60th TAW 66th TRW 73d ADW 102nd TFW 117th TRW 126th BW 137th FBW 317th TCW 322d AD 366th TFW 388th FBW 465th TCW
Part of the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE)

v t e United States Air Force
Leadership	Department of the Air Force Secretary of the Air Force Under Secretary of the Air Force Air Staff Chief of Staff Vice Chief of Staff Director of Staff Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force Four-star generals Three-star generals 1940–1959 2000–2009 2010–2019 2020–present House Armed Services Committee House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Senate Committee on Armed Services Senate Subcommittee on Airland Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
Structure	Commands Reserve Air National Guard Field Operating Agencies Installations Direct Reporting Units District of Washington Operational Test and Evaluation Center USAF Academy Major commands ACC AETC AFGSC AFMC AFRC AFSOC AMC PACAF USAFE–AFAFRICA Numbered Air Forces First Second Third Fourth Fifth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Expeditionary Fifteenth Sixteenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-Second Wings ANG Groups ANG Squadrons ANG Security Forces Civilian auxiliary: Civil Air Patrol
Personnel and training	Personnel Rank officers cadets enlisted Specialty Code Aeronautical ratings Judge Advocate General's Corps RED HORSE Security Forces Medical Service Chief of Chaplains Chief Scientist Training: Air Force Academy Officer Training School Reserve Officer Training Corps Basic Training Airman Leadership School SERE Fitness Assessment
Uniforms and equipment	Awards and decorations Badges Equipment Aircraft Uniforms
History and traditions	History Aeronautical Division / Aviation Section / Division of Military Aeronautics / Army Air Service / Army Air Corps / Army Air Forces "The U.S. Air Force" Air Force Band Airman's Creed Core Values Flag Symbol Memorial National Museum Women Airforce Service Pilots Air Force One / Air Force Two Honor Guard Thunderbirds Service numbers Air & Space Forces Association
Category

v t e United States Air Force Intelligence Units
Air Forces	16 AF
Wings	70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing 102nd Intelligence Wing 181st Intelligence Wing 184th Intelligence Wing 363rd Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing 480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing 655th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing
Groups	Numbered 361 ISRG 373 ISRG 480 ISRG 497 ISRG 543 ISRG 544 ISRG 548 ISRG 655 ISRG 659 ISRG 691 ISRG 692 ISRG 693 ISRG 694 ISRG 707 ISRG 755 ISRG Named Air & Cyberspace Intelligence Group Geospatial and Signatures Intelligence Group Global Exploitation Intelligence Group Space, Missiles and Forces Intelligence Group
Squadrons	3 IS 6 IS 7 IS 8 IS 9 IS 10 IS 13 IS 14 IS 16 IS 18 IS 19 IS 20 IS 22 IS 23 IS 24 IS 25 IS 27 IS 28 IS 29 IS 30 IS 31 IS 32 IS 35 IS 37 IS 38 IS 41 IS 42 IS 43 IS 48 IS 49 IS 50 IS 63 IS 64 IS 71 IS 93 IS 94 IS 101 IS 117 IS 123 IS 126 IS 137 IS 139 IS 152 IS 161 IS 192 IS 201 IS 234 IS 301 IS 303 IS 306 IS 324 IS 381 IS 450 IS 451 IS 485 IS 512 IS 566 IS 718 IS 792 ISS 820 IS
Centers	Air Force Technical Applications Center National Air Intelligence Center

• Air Wings of New England
• Intelligence units of the United States Air Force
• Military in Massachusetts
• Military units and formations of the United States Air National Guard
• September 11 attacks
• Intelligence wings of the United States Air Force