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Manchester United

Manchester United's crest
Full name	Manchester United Football Club
Nickname(s)	The Red Devils
Founded	1878, as Newton Heath LYR F.C.
Ground	Old Trafford
Capacity	75,957
Owner	Malcolm Glazer
Co-chairmen	Joel & Avram Glazer
Manager	Alex Ferguson
League	Premier League
2009–10	Premier League, 2nd
Home colours Away colours Third colours
Current season

Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club who play at Old Trafford in Stretford, Greater Manchester. Having won a joint-record 18 league titles, four League Cups and a record 11 FA Cups, Manchester United is one of the most successful clubs in the history of English football. The club is one of the wealthiest and most widely supported football teams in the world.

Founded as Newton Heath LYR F.C. in 1878, the club joined The Football League in 1892 and has played in the top division of English football since 1938, with the exception of the 1974–75 season. In 1968 Manchester United were the first English club to win the European Cup, winning it again as part of the Treble in 1999, and adding a third Champions League title in 2008.

Alex Ferguson has been manager since 6 November 1986 and is the most successful manager in the club's history, having won 26 major honours. Average attendances at Old Trafford have been higher than at any other English club ground for all but six seasons since 1964–65.

After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the club was purchased by the Glazer family in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost £800 million.

History

Early years (1878–1945)

The club was formed in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR F.C., the works team of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway depot at Newton Heath. In 1892, they joined The Football League and became independent of the rail company, dropping the "LYR" from their name. A year later, they moved to a new ground at Bank Street, Clayton.

In January 1902, with debts of £2,670 – equivalent to £370,000 in 2024 – the club was served with a winding-up order. Captain Harry Stafford found four local businessmen, including John Henry Davies (who became club president), each willing to invest £500 in return for a direct interest in running the club This was accompanied by another name change; on 26 April 1902, Manchester United was officially created.

Under Ernest Magnall, who assumed managerial duties in 1903, the club finished as Second Division runners-up in 1905–06 and secured promotion to the First Division, which they won in 1908 – their first league title. They began the following season with victory in the first ever Charity Shield and ended it with the club's first FA Cup title. Manchester United won the First Division for the second time in the 1910–11 season.

In 1922, the club was relegated to the Second Division, where it remained until regaining promotion in 1925. Relegated again in 1931, Manchester United became a yo-yo club, achieving their all-time lowest position of 20th-place in the Second Division in 1934. Following the death of the clubs principle benefactor, J.H. Davies, in October 1927, the club's finances deteriorated to the extent that Manchester United would likely have gone bankrupt had it not been for James Gibson, who, in December 1931, invested £2000 and assumed control of the club. In the 1938–39 season, the last year of football before the Second World War, the club finished 14th in the First Division.

Busby years (1945–1969)

In October 1945, the impending resumption of football led to the managerial appointment of Matt Busby, who demanded an unprecedented level of control over team selection, player transfers and training sessions. Busby led the team to second-place league finishes in 1947, 1948 and 1949, and won the FA Cup in 1948. In 1952, the club topped the First Division, its first league title for 41 years.

With an average age of 22, the media labelled the back-to-back title winning side of 1956 "the Busby Babes", a testament to Busby's faith in his youth players. In 1957, Manchester United became the first English team to compete in the European Cup, despite objections from The Football League, who had denied Chelsea the same opportunity the previous season. En route to the semi-final, which they lost to Real Madrid, the team recorded a 10–0 victory over Belgian champions Anderlecht, which remains their biggest victory on record.

Tragedy struck the following season: on the way home from a European Cup quarter-final victory against Red Star Belgrade, the aircraft carrying the Manchester United players, officials and journalists crashed while attempting to take off after refuelling in Munich, Germany. The Munich air disaster of 6 February 1958 claimed 23 lives, including those of eight players – Geoff Bent, Roger Byrne, Eddie Colman, Duncan Edwards, Mark Jones, David Pegg, Tommy Taylor and Billy Whelan – and injured several more.

Jimmy Murphy took over as manager while Busby recovered from his injuries and the club's makeshift side reached the FA Cup final, which they lost to Bolton Wanderers. In recognition of the team's tragedy, UEFA invited the club to compete in the 1958–59 European Cup alongside eventual League champions Wolverhampton Wanderers. Despite approval from the FA, the Football League determined that the club should not enter the competition, since they had not qualified.

Throughout the 1960s, Busby rebuilt the team by signing players such as Denis Law and Pat Crerand, who combined with the next generation of youth players – including George Best – to win the FA Cup in 1963. However, they only managed a 19th-place finish in the First Division. The following season they finished second in the league, then won the title in 1965 and 1967. In 1968, Manchester United became the first English club to win the European Cup, beating Benfica 4–1 in the final with a team that contained three European Footballers of the Year: Bobby Charlton, Denis Law and George Best. Matt Busby resigned as manager in 1969 and was replaced by the reserve team coach, former Manchester United player Wilf McGuinness.

1969–1986

Following an eighth-place finish in the 1969–70 season and a poor start to the 1970–71 season, Busby was persuaded to temporarily resume managerial duties, and McGuinness returned to his position as reserve team coach. Results improved, but Busby left the club in the summer of 1971 and it lost a number of high-profile players, including Nobby Stiles and Pat Crerand.

In June 1971, Frank O'Farrell was appointed as Busby's successor, but lasted less than 18 months before being replaced by Tommy Docherty in December 1972. Docherty saved Manchester United from relegation that season, only to see them relegated in 1974; by that time the trio of Best, Law, and Charlton had left the club. The team won promotion at the first attempt and reached the FA Cup final in 1976, but were beaten by Southampton. They reached the final again in 1977, beating Liverpool 2–1. Docherty was dismissed shortly afterwards, following revelations over his affair with the club physiotherapist's wife.

Dave Sexton replaced Docherty as manager in the summer of 1977. Despite major signings, including Joe Jordan, Gordon McQueen, Gary Bailey, and Ray Wilkins, the team failed to achieve any significant results; they finished in the top two in 1979–80 and lost to Arsenal in the 1979 FA Cup Final. Sexton was dismissed in 1981, even though the team won the last seven games under his direction.

Sexton was replaced by Ron Atkinson, who immediately broke the British record transfer fee to sign Bryan Robson from West Bromwich Albion. Under Atkinson, Manchester United won the FA Cup twice in three years – in 1983 and 1985. In 1985–86, after 13 wins and two draws in their first 15 matches, they were favourites to win the league, but finished in fourth place. The following season, with the club in danger of relegation by November, Atkinson was dismissed.

Ferguson years (1986–present)

Alex Ferguson and his assistant Archie Knox arrived from Aberdeen on the day of Atkinson's dismissal, and guided the club to an 11th-place finish in the league. Despite a second-place finish in 1987–88, the club was back in 11th place the following season.

Victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup Final replay (after a 3–3 draw) saved Ferguson's career. The following season, the team claimed their first Cup Winners' Cup title by beating Barcelona in the 1991 final in Rotterdam. This allowed them to compete in the 1991 UEFA Super Cup, where they beat European Cup holders Red Star Belgrade 1–0 at Old Trafford. A second consecutive League Cup final appearance followed in 1992, in which they beat Nottingham Forest 1–0 at Wembley.

In 1993, Manchester United won their first league title since 1967; a year later, for the first time since 1957, the club won a second consecutive title – alongside the FA Cup – to complete the first "Double" in the club's history. Failure to win a third consecutive league title in 1995 prompted Ferguson into major restructuring, selling established players Paul Ince, Andrei Kanchelskis and Mark Hughes. They were replaced by members of the club's youth team, including David Beckham, Gary Neville, Phil Neville and Paul Scholes, who helped the team win a second Double in 1996.

Manchester United's 1998–99 season was the most successful season in English club football history as they became the first team to win the Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League – "The Treble" – in the same season. Losing 1–0 going into injury time in the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final, Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjær scored late goals to claim a dramatic victory over Bayern Munich, in what is considered one of the greatest comebacks of all time. The club also won the Intercontinental Cup after beating Palmeiras 1–0 in Tokyo. Ferguson was subsequently knighted for his services to football.

In 2000, Manchester United competed in the inaugural FIFA Club World Championship in Brazil, winning the league again in 1999–2000, 2000–01 and in 2002–03. They won the 2003–04 FA Cup, beating Millwall 3–0 in the final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.

The club made a poor start to the 2005–06 season. Club captain Roy Keane left for Celtic in acrimonious fashion, and the club failed to qualify for the knockout phase of the UEFA Champions League for the first time in over a decade. Keane was succeeded as captain by Gary Neville in November 2005. However, the team recovered to secure a second-place league finish and victory over Wigan Athletic in the 2006 Football League Cup Final.

Manchester United regained the Premier League in the 2006–07 season. They won their tenth Premier League in 2007–08, and completed the European double by beating Chelsea 6–5 on penalties in the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final in Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium. Ryan Giggs made a record 759th appearance for the club in this game, overtaking previous record holder Bobby Charlton.

On 21 December 2008, the club won the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup, defeating the Ecuadorian side LDU Quito 1–0 in Japan. They followed this with the 2008–09 Football League Cup, defeating Tottenham Hotspur 4–1 on penalties in the final. Manchester United then secured their third consecutive Premier League title, the second time they have achieved this feat. That summer, Cristiano Ronaldo was sold to Real Madrid for a world record £80 million. In 2010, Manchester United defeated Aston Villa 2–1 at Wembley to retain the League Cup, their first successful defence of a knockout cup competition.

Crest and colours

The club crest is derived from that of the city of Manchester. The devil on the badge stems from the club's nickname "The Red Devils"; it was included on club programmes and scarves in the 1960s, and incorporated into the club badge in 1970. The badge was redesigned in 1998, with the words "Football Club" removed.

Newton Heath wore gold-and-green halved shirts (1878–1892 and 1894–1896); these colours were revived as a third kit in the early 1990s. They also wore a red-and-white quartered shirt (1892–1894) and a plain white shirt (1896–1902), both worn with blue shorts. After its name change in 1902, the club colours were red shirts, white shorts, and black socks – these became the standard Manchester United home kit. Exceptions were red socks in 1920–21 and 1964–1971, and white socks from 1959 to 1964. The 1909 FA Cup Final shirt was white with a red 'V' sash, a design resurrected between 1922 and 1927.

Away strips are usually white shirts, black shorts and white socks, but other colours have included: blue-and-white striped shirts (1903–1905 and 1910–1922), an all-black kit (1993–1995, 2003–2005 and 2007–2008), and navy blue shirts with silver horizontal pinstripes (1999–2000). An all-grey kit in 1995–96 was dropped after two games because players claimed to have trouble finding their team-mates against the crowd. In 2001, a reversible white/gold away kit was worn to celebrate 100 years as "Manchester United".

The club's third kit is traditionally all-blue, as worn for their first European Cup win in 1968. The design has been used several times, most recently in 2008–09, 40 years after the 1968 final. Exceptions include a bright yellow kit worn in the early 1970s, blue-and-white striped shirts in 1994–1996, and white shirts with black-and-red horizontal pinstripes in 2003–2005.

Manchester United's current home kit is a red shirt with a shallow black chevron and the club crest on the left, worn with white shorts and black socks, both with red trim. The away kit has a similar black shirt with a blue chevron; shorts and socks are both black with blue trim. The club's 2008–09 away kit – white shirts with blue and red trim, worn with blue shorts and white socks – is used as the 2009–10 third kit.

Grounds

Old Trafford

Theatre of Dreams
Location	Sir Matt Busby Way, Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England
Owner	Manchester United
Operator	Manchester United
Capacity	75,957 seated
Construction
Broke ground	1909
Opened	19 February 1910
Construction cost	£90,000 (1909)
Architect	Archibald Leitch (1909)
Tenants
Manchester United (Premier League) (1910–present)

Newton Heath played on a field on North Road from 1878 until moving to Bank Street in Clayton in 1893. When this ground was temporarily closed by bailiffs in 1902, club captain Harry Stafford raised enough money to pay for the club's next away game at Bristol City and found a temporary ground at Harpurhey for the next home game against Blackpool.

On 19 Frebruary 1909, six weeks before the club's first FA Cup title, Old Trafford was named as the home of Manchester United, following the purchase of land for around £60,000. Architect Archibald Leitch was given a budget of £30,000 for construction; original plans called for seating capacity of 100,000, though budget constraints forced a revision to 77,000. The building was constructed by Messrs Brameld and Smith of Manchester. At the opening of the stadium, standing tickets cost sixpence, while seats in the grandstand cost up to five shillings. The stadium's record attendance was registered on 25 March 1939, when an FA Cup semi-final between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Grimsby Town drew 76,962 spectators.

Bombing in the Second World War destroyed much of the stadium; the central tunnel in the South Stand was all that remained of that quarter. After the war, the club received compensation from the War Damage Commission in the amount of £22,278. While reconstruction took place, the team played its "home" games at Manchester City's Maine Road ground; Manchester United were charged £5,000 per year, plus a nominal percentage of gate receipts.

Later improvements included the addition of roofs, first to the Stretford End and then to the North and East Stands. The roofs were supported by pillars that obstructed many fans' views, and they were eventually replaced with a cantilevered structure. The Stretford End was the last stand to receive a cantilevered roof, completed in time for the 1993–94 season. First used on 25 March 1957 and costing £40,000, four 180-foot (55 m)-tall pylons were erected, each housing 54 individual floodlights. These were dismantled in 1987 and replaced by a lighting system embedded in the roof of each stand that remains in use today.

The Taylor Report's requirement for an all-seater stadium lowered capacity at Old Trafford to around 44,000 by 1993. In 1995, the North Stand was redeveloped into three tiers, restoring capacity to approximately 55,000. At the end of the 1998–99 season, second tiers were added to the East and West Stands, raising capacity to around 67,000, and between July 2005 and May 2006, 8,000 more seats were added via second tiers in the north-west and north-east quadrants. Part of the new seating was used for the first time on 26 March 2006, when an attendance of 69,070 became a new Premier League record. The record was pushed steadily upwards before reaching its peak on 31 March 2007, when 76,098 spectators saw Manchester United beat Blackburn Rovers 4–1, with just 114 seats (0.15% of the total capacity of 76,212) left unoccupied. In 2009, reorganisation of the seating resulted in a reduction of capacity by 255 to 75,957.

Support

Manchester United is reputed to be the most popular football club in the world, with the highest average home attendance in Europe. The club's worldwide fan base includes more than 200 officially recognised branches of the Manchester United Supporters Club (MUSC), in at least 24 countries. The club takes advantage of this support through its worldwide summer tours. Accountancy firm and sports industry consultants Deloitte estimate that Manchester United have 75 million fans worldwide, while other estimates put this figure closer to 333 million fans.

Supporters are represented by two independent bodies; the Independent Manchester United Supporters Association (IMUSA), which maintains close links to the club through the MUFC Fans Forum, and the Manchester United Supporters' Trust (MUST). After the Glazer family's takeover in 2005, a group of fans formed a splinter club, F.C. United of Manchester. The West Stand of Old Trafford – the "Stretford End" – is the home end and the traditional source of the club's most vocal support.

Rivalries

Manchester United have major ongoing rivalries with three clubs: Liverpool, Manchester City and Leeds United. The most hotly contested derby fixture is often Liverpool, a game described by Ryan Giggs as "probably the most famous fixture in English football", as both teams have dominated certain periods of English football. The rivalry is considered a manifestation of the cities' competition dating back to industrial times. The cities competed for supremacy of the north-west; Manchester was famous for its manufacturing prowess, while Liverpool's port was a major source of pride.

This fixture also has a history of hooliganism; at the 1996 FA Cup Final, an unidentified Liverpool fan spat at Eric Cantona and threw a punch at Alex Ferguson as a victorious Manchester United team walked up the steps at Wembley Stadium to collect the trophy from the Royal Box. At an FA Cup match in 2006, an ambulance carrying Alan Smith, who had broken his leg during the match, was attacked by Liverpool fans.

Global brand

Manchester United is a global brand; a 2009 report valued the club's trademarks and associated intellectual property at £329 million with a brand strength rating of AAA (Extremely Strong). In 2010, Forbes magazine ranked the Manchester United brand second only to the New York Yankees in its list of the ten most valuable sports team brands, valuing the Manchester United brand at $285 million (16% of the club's $1.835 billion value). The club is currently ranked third in the Deloitte Football Money League (behind Real Madrid and Barcelona).

The core strength of Manchester United's global brand is often attributed to Sir Matt Busby's rebuilding of the team and subsequent success following the Munich air disaster, which drew worldwide acclaim. The "iconic" team included Bobby Charlton and Nobby Stiles (members of England's World Cup winning team), Denis Law and George Best. The attacking style of play adopted by this team (in contrast to the defensive-minded "catenaccio" approach favoured by the leading Italian teams of the era) "captured the imagination of the English footballing public". Busby's team also became associated with the liberalisation of Western society during the 1960s; George Best, known as the "fifth Beatle" for his iconic haircut, was the first footballer to significantly develop an off-the-field media profile.

As the first English football club to float on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the club raised significant capital, with which it further developed its commercial strategy. The club's focus on commercial and sporting success brought significant profits in an industry often characterised by chronic losses. The strength of the Manchester United brand was bolstered by intense off-the-field media attention to individual players, most notably David Beckham (who quickly developed his own global brand). This attention often generates greater interest in on-the-field activities, and hence generates sponsorship opportunities – the value of which is driven by television exposure. Beckham's popularity across Asia has been integral to the club's commercial success in that part of the world.

Because higher league placement results in a greater share of television rights, success on the field generates greater income for the club. Since the inception of the Premier League, Manchester United has received the largest share of the revenue generated from the BSkyB broadcasting deal. Manchester United has also consistently enjoyed the highest commercial income of any English club; in 2005–06, the club's commercial arm generated £51 million, compared to £42.5 million at Chelsea, £39.3 million at Liverpool, £34 million at Arsenal and £27.9 million at Newcastle United. A key sponsorship relationship is with sportswear company Nike, who manage the club's merchandising operation as part of a £303 million 13-year partnership established in 2002.

Through Manchester United Finance and the club's membership scheme – One United – those with an affinity for the club can purchase a range of club branded goods and services. Additionally, Manchester United-branded media services such as the club's dedicated television channel – MUTV – has allowed the club to expand its fan base to those beyond the reach of the club's Old Trafford stadium. One critical source of revenue for Manchester United comes from sponsorship from major companies; in addition to Nike and the shirt sponsor (currently Aon), the club also has a plethora of lower-level "platinum" sponsors, including Audi and Budweiser. Nike manages the club's merchandising operation; 3.8 million replica shirts were sold in the first 22 months with the company.

Sponsorship

Sharp Electronics sponsored the club from 1982 to 2000, one of the lengthiest and most lucrative sponsorship deals in English football. Vodafone took over in February 2000 with a four-year £30 million deal, which began the following season. In December 2003, sponsorship was extended by four years with Vodafone agreeing to pay £36 million. However, in November 2005, Vodafone announced the deal would end in May 2006.

In September 2006, a £56.5 million deal with American insurance corporation AIG became the most valuable in the world. AIG chose not to renew the deal after it ended in May 2010, and American reinsurance company Aon was named as the club's principal sponsor on 3 June 2009, with their sponsorship taking effect on 1 June 2010. It is reputed to be worth approximately £80 million over four years, making it the biggest sponsorship deal in football history.

The club's first kit manufacturers were Umbro, followed by Admiral in 1975. Adidas received the contract in 1980, before Umbro started a second spell in 1992. Umbro's sponsorship lasted for ten years before Nike struck a record-breaking £302.9 million deal that will last until 2015.

Ownership and finances

In 1989, chairman Martin Edwards attempted to sell the club to Michael Knighton for £20 million, but the sale fell through and Knighton merely joined the Board of Directors instead. In the wake of the Taylor Report, the club floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991 with a valuation of £47 million. Martin Edwards retained his position as chairman.

A proposed takeover by Rupert Murdoch in 1998 resulted in the formation of Shareholders United Against Murdoch – now the Manchester United Supporters' Trust – who encouraged supporters to buy shares in the club in an attempt to block any hostile takeover.

In May 2005, Malcolm Glazer purchased the 28.7% stake held by J. P. McManus and John Magnier, thus acquiring a controlling interest through his investment vehicle Red Football Ltd in a highly leveraged takeover valuing the club at approximately £800 million (then approx. $1.5 billion). On 16 May, his stake reached the 75% necessary to de-list the club from the Stock Exchange.

In July 2006, the club announced a £660 million debt refinancing package, resulting in a 30% reduction in annual interest payments to £62 million a year. In January 2010, with debts of £716.5 million ($1.17 billion), Manchester United further refinanced through a bond issue worth £504 million, enabling them to pay off most of the £509 million owed to international banks. The annual interest payable on the bonds – which mature on 1 February 2017 – is approximately £45 million per annum.

Despite restructuring, the club's debt prompted protests from fans on 23 January 2010, at Old Trafford and the club's Trafford Training Centre. Supporter groups encouraged match-going fans to wear green and gold, the colours of Newton Heath. On 30 January, reports emerged that the Manchester United Supporters' Trust had held meetings with a group of wealthy fans, dubbed the "Red Knights", with plans to buying out the Glazers' controlling interest. The group met with Keith Harris, a Manchester United fan and chairman of investment bank Seymour Pierce, to broker a takeover.

Players

First-team squad

As of 21 April 2010, according to combined sources on the official website.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 1 GK  NED Edwin van der Sar 2 DF  ENG Gary Neville (captain) 3 DF  FRA Patrice Evra 4 MF  ENG Owen Hargreaves 5 DF  ENG Rio Ferdinand 6 DF  ENG Wes Brown 7 FW  ENG Michael Owen 8 MF  BRA Anderson 9 FW  BUL Dimitar Berbatov 10 FW  ENG Wayne Rooney 11 MF  WAL Ryan Giggs (vice-captain) 13 MF  KOR Park Ji-Sung 15 DF  SRB Nemanja Vidić 16 MF  ENG Michael Carrick 17 MF  POR Nani 18 MF  ENG Paul Scholes 19 FW  ENG Danny Welbeck 20 DF  BRA Fábio 21 DF  BRA Rafael 22 DF  IRL John O'Shea

No. Pos. Nation Player 23 DF  NIR Jonny Evans 24 MF  SCO Darren Fletcher 25 MF  ECU Antonio Valencia 26 FW  FRA Gabriel Obertan 27 FW  ITA Federico Macheda 28 MF  IRL Darron Gibson 29 GK  POL Tomasz Kuszczak 30 DF  BEL Ritchie De Laet 31 MF  NIR Corry Evans 32 FW  SEN Mame Biram Diouf 36 MF  SCO David Gray 37 DF  NIR Craig Cathcart 38 GK  GER Ron-Robert Zieler 41 FW  NOR Joshua King 42 MF  NOR Magnus Wolff Eikrem 44 DF  NIR Joe Dudgeon 45 DF  ENG Oliver Gill 46 MF  ENG Cameron Stewart 47 MF  NIR Oliver Norwood

On loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 35 MF  ENG Tom Cleverley (at Watford until 30 June 2010) 40 GK  ENG Ben Amos (at Molde until 30 June 2010)

No. Pos. Nation Player 43 MF  ENG Matthew James (at Preston North End until 30 June 2010)

Reserves and academy

For the reserve and academy squads, see Manchester United F.C. Reserves and Academy.

Former players

For details on former players, see List of Manchester United F.C. players and Category:Manchester United F.C. players.

Club captains

Dates	Name	Notes
1878–1882	Unknown
1882	E. Thomas	First known club captain
1882–1883	Unknown
c.1883–1887	Sam Black
c.1887–1890	Jack Powell	First known non-English club captain.
1890–1892	Unknown
1892–1893	Joe Cassidy
1893–1894	Unknown
c.1894	James McNaught
1894–1896	Unknown
c.1896–1903	Harry Stafford	First captain of Manchester United
1903–1904	Unknown
c.1904–1905	Jack Peddie
c.1905–1912	Charlie Roberts
1912–1913	George Stacey
1913	Dick Duckworth
1914	George Hunter
1914–1915	Patrick O'Connell
1915–1919	None	No football was played during the First World War
1919–1922	Unknown
c.1922–1928	Frank Barson
c.1928–1931	Jack Wilson
1931–1932	George McLachlan
1932	Louis Page
1932–1935	Unknown
c.1935–1939	Jimmy Brown
1939–1945	None	No football was played during the Second World War
1945–1953	Johnny Carey	First post-war captain, and first from outside the United Kingdom
1953–1954	Stan Pearson
1954–1955	Allenby Chilton
1955–1958	Roger Byrne	Died in the 1958 Munich air disaster
1958–1959	Bill Foulkes
1959–1960	Dennis Viollet
1960–1962	Maurice Setters
1962–1964	Noel Cantwell	Co-captained with Denis Law from 1964 to 1967.
1964–1967	Denis Law	Co-captained with Noel Cantwell from 1964 to 1967.
1967–1973	Bobby Charlton
1973	George Graham
1973–1975	Willie Morgan
1975–1982	Martin Buchan
1982	Ray Wilkins
1982–1994	Bryan Robson	Longest-serving captain in club history. Co-captained with Steve Bruce from 1992 to 1994.
1994–1996	Steve Bruce	Co-captained with Bryan Robson from 1992 to 1994.
1996–1997	Eric Cantona	First Manchester United captain from outside the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland
1997–2005	Roy Keane	Most trophies won as captain
2005–present	Gary Neville	First club captain to be born in Greater Manchester since Dennis Viollet

Player records

According to the official statistics website as of match played 9 May 2010. Players in bold are still currently playing for Manchester United.

Most appearances

#	Name	Career	Appearances	Goals
1	Ryan Giggs	1991–present	838	155
2	Bobby Charlton	1956–1973	758	249
3	Bill Foulkes	1952–1970	688	9
4	Paul Scholes	1994–present	643	149
5	Gary Neville	1992–present	598	7
6	Alex Stepney	1966–1978	539	2
7	Tony Dunne	1960–1973	535	2
8	Denis Irwin	1990–2002	529	33
9	Joe Spence	1919–1933	510	168
10	Arthur Albiston	1974–1988	485	7

Most goals

#	Name	Career	Goals	Appearances	Goals/Game Ratio
1	Bobby Charlton	1956–1973	249	758	0.328
2	Denis Law	1962–1973	237	404	0.587
3	Jack Rowley	1937–1955	211	424	0.498
4=	Dennis Viollet	1953–1962	179	293	0.611
4=	George Best	1963–1974	179	470	0.381
6	Joe Spence	1919–1933	168	510	0.329
7	Mark Hughes	1983–1986 1988–1995	163	467	0.349
8	Ryan Giggs	1991–present	155	838	0.185
9	Ruud van Nistelrooy	2001–2006	150	219	0.685
10	Paul Scholes	1994–present	149	643	0.232

Award winners

Ballon d'Or

The following players have won the Ballon d'Or while playing for Manchester United:

• Denis Law – 1964
• Bobby Charlton – 1966
• George Best – 1968
• Cristiano Ronaldo – 2008

European Golden Shoe

The following players have won the European Golden Shoe while playing for Manchester United:

• Cristiano Ronaldo (31 goals) – 2008

UEFA Club Footballer of the Year

The following players have won the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year award while playing for Manchester United:

• David Beckham – 1999
• Cristiano Ronaldo – 2008

FIFA World Player of the Year

The following players have won the FIFA World Player of the Year award while playing for Manchester United:

• Cristiano Ronaldo – 2008

Club officials

• Owner: Glazer Family via Red Football Shareholder Limited
• Honorary president: Martin Edwards

Manchester United Limited

• Co-chairmen: Joel Glazer & Avram Glazer
• Chief executive: David Gill
• Chief operating officer: Michael Bolingbroke
• Commercial director: Richard Arnold
• Chief of Staff: Ed Woodward
• Non-executive directors: Bryan Glazer, Kevin Glazer, Edward Glazer & Darcie Glazer

Manchester United football club

• Directors: David Gill, Michael Edelson, Sir Bobby Charlton, Maurice Watkins
• Club secretary: Ken Ramsden (to be replaced by John Alexander from 2010–11 season)
• Global ambassador: Bryan Robson

Coaching and medical staff

• Manager: Sir Alex Ferguson
• Assistant manager: Mike Phelan
• First team coach: René Meulensteen
• Goalkeeping coach: Eric Steele
• Fitness coach: Tony Strudwick
• Reserve team manager: Ole Gunnar Solskjær

Managerial history

Dates	Name	Notes
1878–1892	Unknown
1892–1900	A. H. Albut
1900–1903	James West
1903–1912	Ernest Mangnall
1912–1914	John Bentley
1914–1922	Jack Robson
1922–1926	John Chapman	First manager from outside of England
1926–1927	Lal Hilditch
1927–1931	Herbert Bamlett
1931–1932	Walter Crickmer
1932–1937	Scott Duncan
1937–1945	Walter Crickmer
1945–1969	Matt Busby	Longest serving manager in Manchester United's history
1969–1970	Wilf McGuinness
1970–1971	Matt Busby
1971–1972	Frank O'Farrell	First manager from outside the United Kingdom
1972–1977	Tommy Docherty
1977–1981	Dave Sexton
1981–1986	Ron Atkinson
1986–present	Alex Ferguson	Most honours won as manager

Honours

Domestic

League

• First Division (until 1992) and Premier League: 18
  • 1907–08, 1910–11, 1951–52, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
• Second Division: 2
  • 1935–36, 1974–75

Cups

• FA Cup: 11
  • 1908–09, 1947–48, 1962–63, 1976–77, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1989–90, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2003–04
• League Cup: 4
  • 1991–92, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10
• FA Charity/Community Shield: 17 (13 outright, 4 shared)
  • 1908, 1911, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1965*, 1967*, 1977*, 1983, 1990*, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008 (* joint holders)

European

• European Cup/UEFA Champions League: 3
  • 1967–68, 1998–99, 2007–08
• UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1
  • 1990–91
• UEFA Super Cup: 1
  • 1991

Worldwide

• Intercontinental Cup: 1
  • 1999
• FIFA Club World Cup: 1
  • 2008

Doubles and Trebles

• Doubles:
  • League and FA Cup: 3
    • 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99 (as part of the Treble)
  • League and League Cup: 1
    • 2008–09
  • European Double (League and European Cup): 2
    • 1998–99 (as part of the Treble), 2007–08
• "The Treble" (League, FA Cup and European Cup): 1
  • 1998–99

Especially short competitions such as the Charity/Community Shield, Intercontinental Cup, FIFA Club World Cup or Super Cup are not generally considered to contribute towards a Double or Treble.

The only major honour that Manchester United have never won is the UEFA Europa League, although they reached the quarter-finals in 1984–85 and the semi-finals of the competition's precursor tournament, the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, in 1964–65.

References

Notes

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8. "History by Decade – 1878–1899". Manchester United. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
9. Murphy (2006), p. 14
10. UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
11. Tyrrell & Meek (1996), p. 99
12. ^ Barnes et al. (2001), p. 9
13. "1908 Charity Shield". FootballSite.co.uk. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
14. ^ Barnes et al. (2001), p. 12
15. Barnes et al. (2001), p. 13
16. Barnes et al. (2001), p. 10
17. Murphy (2006), p. 71
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22. White, Jim (2008), p. 136
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67. Murphy (2006), p. 27
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71. Barnes et al. (2001), pp. 44–45
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77. Hamil (2008), p. 126
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80. Barnes et al. (2001), p. 52
81. Smith, Martin (15 April 2008). "Bitter rivals do battle". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
82. Stone, Simon (16 September 2005). "Giggs: Liverpool our biggest test". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
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85. Rohrer, Finlo (21 August 2007). "Scouse v Manc". BBC Sport. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
86. "Wembley to act over spitting". The Independent. 13 May 1996. Retrieved 17 January 2009.
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89. "The Most Valuable Sports Team Brands". Forbes Magazine. 18 May 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
90. "Real Madrid becomes the first sports team in the world to generate €400m in revenues as it tops Deloitte Football Money League". Deloitte. 2 March 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
91. Barnes et al. (2001), p. 52
92. Hamil (2008), p. 116
93. Hamil (2008), p. 116
94. Hamil (2008), p. 124
95. Hamil (2008), p. 121
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97. Hamil (2008), p. 120
98. Hamil (2008), p. 122
99. Hamil (2008), p. 126
100. Hamil (2008), p. 127
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102. ^ "United must find new shirt sponsor". CNN. 24 November 2005. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
103. "Man Utd rings up £36m shirt deal". BBC News. 1 December 2003. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
104. "Vodafone ends Man Utd shirt deal". BBC News. 23 November 2005. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
105. "Oilinvest to renegotiate Juventus sponsorship". SportBusiness. 7 September 2006. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
106. "Man Utd sign £56m AIG shirt deal". BBC News. 6 April 2006. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
107. "AIG ends Man Utd sponsorship deal". BBC News. 21 January 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
108. Communications Dept (3 June 2009). "Future shirt sponsor unveiled". Manchester United. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
109. "United and Aon join forces". Manchester United. 1 June 2010. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
110. "Man Utd in new shirt sponsor deal". BBC News. 3 June 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
111. "Manchester United Shirts 1970–79". Pride Of Manchester. Retrieved 13 August 2008.
112. "Manchester United Shirts 1980–89". Pride Of Manchester. Retrieved 13 August 2008.
113. "Manchester United Shirts 1990–99". Pride Of Manchester. Retrieved 13 August 2008.
114. "Man Utd in £300m Nike deal". BBC News. 3 November 2000. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
115. "1989: Man U sold in record takeover deal". BBC News. 18 August 1989. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
116. Bose (2007), p. 81
117. Ogden, Mark (15 January 2010). "Manchester United fans unite to devise plan to force Glazers out". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
118. "Glazer Man Utd stake exceeds 75%". BBC News. 16 May 2005. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
119. ^ "Manchester United's new owner". CBS Sports. 22 June 2005. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
120. "Glazers Tighten Grip On United With Debt Refinancing". The Political Economy of Football. 8 July 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
121. "Manchester United reveal refinancing plans". RTÉ. 18 July 2006. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
122. "Manchester United debt hits £716m". BBC News. 20 January 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2010. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
123. "Manchester United to raise £500m". BBC News. 11 January 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
124. Wilson, Bill (22 January 2010). "Manchester United raise £504m in bond issue". BBC News. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
125. Hughes, Ian (23 January 2010). "Man Utd 4–0 Hull". BBC Sport. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
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Bibliography

• Barnes, Justyn; Bostock, Adam; Butler, Cliff; Ferguson, Jim; Meek, David; Mitten, Andy; Pilger, Sam; Taylor, Frank OBE; Tyrrell, Tom (2001) . The Official Manchester United Illustrated Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). London: Manchester United Books. ISBN 0-233-99964-7.
• Bose, Mihir (2007). Manchester Disunited: Trouble and Takeover at the World's Richest Football Club. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 1-84513-121-5.
• Hamil, Sean (2008). "Case 9: Manchester United: the commercial development of a global football brand". In Chadwick, Simon; Arth, Dave (eds.). International Cases in the Business of Sport. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-8543-6.
• Morgan, Steve (2010). McLeish, Ian (ed.). "Design for life". Inside United (212). Haymarket Network. ISSN 1749-6497. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Murphy, Alex (2006). The Official Illustrated History of Manchester United. London: Orion Books. ISBN 0-75287-603-1.
• Rollin, Glenda; Rollin, Jack (2008). Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2008–2009. Sky Sports Football Yearbooks. London: Headline Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-7553-1820-9.
• Tyrrell, Tom; Meek, David (1996) . The Hamlyn Illustrated History of Manchester United 1878–1996 (5th ed.). London: Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-59074-7.
• White, Jim (2008). Manchester United: The Biography. London: Sphere. ISBN 978-1-84744-088-4.
• White, John (2007) . The United Miscellany (2nd ed.). London: Carlton Books. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-84442-745-1.

External links

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• Official site

Independent sites

• Statistics website
• Independent Manchester United Supporters Association website
• Official Manchester United Supporters' Trust
• Manchester United F.C. on BBC Sport: Club news – Recent results and fixtures
• Manchester United at skysports.com
• Manchester United at premierleague.com

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