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Robert T. Watson is a British scientist who has worked on atmospheric science issues including ozone depletion, global warming and paleoclimatology since the 1980s.

Education and awards

Watson received a PhD in Chemistry from the University of London in 1973. He has received awards for his contributions to science, including the American Association for the Advancement of Science Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility in 1993 and the insignia of Honorary Companion of St Michael and St George from the British Government in 2003.

Career

Watson joined the World Bank as Senior Scientific adviser in the Environment Department in 1996, became Director of the Environment Department and Head of the Environment Sector Board in 1997 and is currently the Chief Scientist and Senior Adviser for Sustainable Development. He took up a position as Chair of Environmental Science and Science Director of the Tyndall Centre at the University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, in August 2007 and joined the British Government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as Chief Scientific Adviser in September 2007.

Prior to joining the World Bank, Watson was Associate Director for Environment in the Office of the President of the United States in the White House and prior to that, Director of the Science Division and Chief Scientist for the Office of Mission to Planet Earth at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

He was Chairman of the Global Environment Facility's Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel from 1991 to 1994, Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) from 1997 to 2002 and Board co-chair for the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment from 2000 to 2005. He is currently Director of the International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development and co-chair of the International Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone. He has been Chair or co-chair of other international scientific assessments, including the IPCC Working Group II, the United Nations Environment Programme/World Meteorological Organization (UNEP/WMO), and the UNEP Global Biodiversity Assessment.

Background

Andrew Revkin writing for the New York Times described Watson as an "outspoken advocate of the idea that human actions - mainly burning coal and oil - are contributing to global warming and must be changed to avert environmental upheavals."

In April 2002 the United States pressed for and won his replacement by Rajendra Pachauri as IPCC chair. According to New Scientist, "The oil industry seems to be behind the move." The industry campaign to oust Watson had begun days after George W. Bush's inauguration in January 2001, with a memo to the White House from Randy Randol of oil giant ExxonMobil asking "Can Watson be replaced now at the request of the US?"

Opinion

In 2010, he warned IPCC to tackle its blunders or lose all credibility.

"The mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact. That is worrying. The IPCC needs to look at this trend in the errors and ask why it happened." Adding "We should always be challenged by sceptics. The IPCC’s job is to weigh up the evidence. If it can’t be dismissed, it should be included in the report. Point out it’s in the minority and, if you can’t say why it’s wrong, just say it’s a different view."

However, in 2000, he said:

The overwhelming majority of scientific experts, whilst recognizing that scientific uncertainties exist, nonetheless believe that human-induced climate change is inevitable. Indeed, during the last few years, many parts of the world have suffered major heat waves, floods, droughts, fires and extreme weather events leading to significant economic losses and loss of life. While individual events cannot be directly linked to human-induced climate change, the frequency and magnitude of these types of events are predicted to increase in a warmer world.

The question is not whether climate will change in response to human activities, but rather how much (magnitude), how fast (the rate of change) and where (regional patterns). It is also clear that climate change will, in many parts of the world, adversely affect socio-economic sectors, including water resources, agriculture, forestry, fisheries and human settlements, ecological systems (particularly forests and coral reefs), and human health (particularly diseases spread by insects), with developing countries being the most vulnerable. The good news is, however, that the majority of experts believe that significant reductions in net greenhouse gas emissions are technically feasible due to an extensive array of technologies and policy measures in the energy supply, energy demand and agricultural and forestry sectors. In addition, the projected adverse effects of climate change on socio-economic and ecological systems can, to some degree, be reduced through proactive adaptation measures. These are the fundamental conclusions, taken from already approved/accepted IPCC assessments, of a careful and objective analysis of all relevant scientific, technical and economic information by thousands of experts from the appropriate fields of science from academia, governments, industry and environmental organizations from around the world.

Watson has claimed on many occasions that the proof of the greenhouse effect can be observed by looking at Mars, Venus and Earth, claiming in a taped debate sponsored by The Guardian (at 76 minutes) "We only need to look at 3 planets: Mars, Venus and Earth and you can explain why there is such a difference, a frigid Mars planet, no greenhouse gases, Venus is absolutely boiling lots of greenhouse gases and earth is by luck somewhere in the middle" This view is in conflict with our basic understanding of Mars. NASA reports in a 'Mars Fact Sheet', stating that the atmosphere of Mars is approximately 95% carbon dioxide, which is confirmed by standard textbooks on the subject.

See also

• Global Warming
• Kyoto Protocol
• Anthopogenic global warming
• Global warming controversy

References

1. "Robert Watson". Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research.
2. "Chief Scientific Adviser". DEFRA. 5 October 2007.
3. Andrew Revkin (April 2, 2002). "Dispute Arises Over a Push To Change Climate Panel". New York Times.
4. Debora MacKenzie (April 20, 2002). "Too hot for head of climate panel". New Scientist.
5. Leake, Jonathan (7 February 2010). "Top British scientist says UN panel is losing credibility". Sunday Times.
6. UN must investigate warming ‘bias’, says former climate chief ‘Every error exaggerated the impact of change’
7. "Presentation of Robert T. Watson Chair Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change at the Sixth Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". International Panel on Climate Change. November 13, 2000. Archived from the original on June 04, 2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archivedate= (help)
8. The Guardian's 'climategate' debate in full (mp3) (Recording of live debate). U.K.: Guardian News and Media Limited. July 15, 2010. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
9. Williams, Dr. David R. (November 29, 2007). "Mars Fact Sheet". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
10. Wayne, Richard (2009). "Chemical evolution of the atmosphere". In Hewitt, C. N.; Jackson, A. V. (eds.). Atmospheric Science for Environmental Scientists. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 26. ISBN 9781405185424. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)

External links

• Brief bio
• University of East Anglia bio
• Short CV
• New Scientist, 20 April 2002, "Too hot for head of climate panel"
• Slate, April 22, 2002, "Did Exxon Mobil Get Bush To Oust the Global Warming Chief? - Al Gore spoils Dubya's Earth Day"
• ExxonMobil memo

• Living people
• Earth scientists
• Climatologists
• Meteorologists
• World Bank
• Academics of the University of East Anglia