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Modernism is a general term employed by Traditional Catholicism for what it regards as retrograde movement by the Roman Catholic Church away from traditional teachings, either through reinterpretation or effective renunciation. One item found by traditional Catholics to be particularly offensive are encroachments on teachings such as extra ecclesiam nulla salus (there is no salvation outside the church, traditionally understood to mean that only baptized Catholics in the CE era could attain heaven). The Second Vatican Council is commonly regarded as an embodiment if not the turning point for the onset of modernist influences.

For many years, the church had not been very receptive to the ideas of modernism. In 1905, Pope St. Pius X issued a condemnation of modernism. For a number of years, those being ordained to the priesthood were required to take an oath that they would not support modernistic ideals. They were required to repeat this oath when promoted.

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