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Elections were held in the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday 18 September 1999 to elect the 88 members of the state's Legislative Assembly and 22 members of the 44-member Legislative Council. The Liberal–National Coalition led by Jeff Kennett and Pat McNamara was narrowly defeated due mainly to a significant swing against it in rural and regional Victoria. The winner was decided by three rural independents who ultimately decided to back the Labor Party to form a minority government led by Steve Bracks, who was sworn in as Premier of Victoria on 20 October 1999.

Campaign

The Kennett government entered the campaign with a substantial lead in the polls and was widely expected to win, some commentators even tipped the government to increase their already large majority.

The Liberals ran a campaign centred on Jeff Kennett and the unusual jeff.com.au website. The presidential nature of the campaign was emphasised when the Herald Sun ran a damaging front page story revealing that most Liberal candidates were gagged from speaking to the media. The Coalition stuck to a message of focusing on its economic record, and promising modest increases in spending in schools, hospitals and police.

In contrast Labor sought to tap into perceptions in rural Victoria that the Kennett government had neglected them. Both John Brumby who lead Labor until early 1999 and Steve Bracks campaigned extensively in rural and regional Victoria, attacking Coalition policies of privatisation highlighting poor service delivery. Labor also took the unusual step of launching their campaign in the regional centre of Ballarat where it announced it would spend $170 million to improve rural infrastructure. In addition Labor campaigned on issues of government transparency and service administration.

By election day few people believed that there would be a change of government. When The Australian published a poll which suggested the result would be a cliffhanger, Steve Bracks is said to have stated 'I hope it's right, but I think The Australian is on drugs.'

Election day

On the afternoon of the election, while polling was being conducted, it was learned that Liberal-turned-Independent member for the marginal seat of Frankston East, Peter McLellan, had died of a heart attack. Polling was therefore aborted, with a supplementary election to be scheduled.

When the results started to come through, it appeared that there was only a modest swing in metropolitan Melbourne, even in the electorally volatile eastern suburbs, but there was a substantial swing to Labor in provincial and rural Victoria, the traditional stronghold of the Liberals. Political analyst and ABC commentator Antony Green later wrote that "in the more than 35 elections I've been involved in, the 1999 Victorian election was the only one where I thought there was something wrong with the computer."

When the Victorian Electoral Commission finished counting for the night, the result was still too close to call: Labor had made huge gains in the rural hinterland, but had failed to make much headway in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne where elections had historically been won or lost.

In limbo: Frankston East and the rural independents

After initial counting was complete, the Coalition had won 43 seats, Labor had won 41 (including winning the seat of Geelong by just 16 votes) and independents had won three seats in the 88-seat Assembly.

The independents, Russell Savage, Craig Ingram and Susan Davies, adopted a united stand and released a charter of their demands which the parties would need to accept in order to further negotiate. Labor accepted all of them while the Coalition accepted all but two, saying that the Upper House should only be reformed after a referendum and rejecting outright an enquiry into the effects of privatisation. The independents announced that they would announce their decision after the supplementary election in Frankston East, which was to be held on 16 October and now assumed a crucial role.

On 16 October, the Frankston East supplementary by-election resulted in an 7.71% swing to Labor, with its candidate Matt Viney winning 54.60% of the two-party preferred vote. The next morning, Labor and the Independents signed an agreement which became public the following day.

Aftermath

On 20 October, the Kennett Ministry resigned and the Bracks Ministry was sworn in. Kennett also resigned from the party leadership, making way for Dr Denis Napthine, a rural MP who was believed to bring a more consensus-style approach to leadership.

Labor won Kennett's old seat of Burwood in a by-election that December after he decided to retire from parliament. The following year they also won former Nationals leader Pat McNamara's hitherto safe seat of Benalla in another by-election, which brought them to 44 of the Assembly's 88 seats.

The Liberal and National parties formally terminated their coalition agreement after the election, and it was not renewed until mid-2008.

Results

Legislative Assembly

Legislative Council

The following voting statistics exclude the three mid-term by-elections held on the same day, at which two seats were retained by Labor and a third was gained by Labor from the Liberals.

Maps

Mackerras pendulum

Seats which changed hands are shown in bold.

A plus (+) sign in front of a swing figure indicates a swing towards Labor and a minus (-) sign indicates a swing to the Liberal-National parties.

No swing figure is available for this seat due to the lack of a Labor versus Liberal-National margin at the previous election.

The margin for this seat is Independent (Craig Ingram) over National.

The margin for this seat is Independent (Russell Savage) over Liberal.

The margin for this seat is Independent (Susan Davies) over Liberal.

The margin for this seat is National over Independent (Chris Hazelman).

The margin for this seat is National over Independent (Carl Ditterich).

See also

• Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1999–2002
• Members of the Victorian Legislative Council, 1999–2002
• Candidates of the Victorian state election, 1999

References

1. ^ Economou, Nick (2000). "Australian Political Chronicle: July-December 1999". Australian Journal of Politics and History. 46 (2): 226–237. ISSN 0004-9522. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
2. ^ Woodward, Dennis. "The Victorian Election of 18 September 1999". Australian Journal of Political Science. 35 (1): 125–133. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
3. Bennett S. & Newman G., 'Victorian Election 1999', Australian Parliamentary Library Research Paper 19 1999-2000
4. Bennett S. & Newman G., 'Victorian Election 1999', Australian Parliamentary Library Research Paper 19 1999-2000
5. Megalogenis, George (2006). The Longest Decade. Melbourne: Scribe. p. 54.
6. Comment by Antony Green at pollbludger (, 8 May 2006, accessed 2 February 2010.
7. "Ministers of the Crown" (PDF). Victoria Government Gazette. Victorian Government Printer. 20 October 1999. p. 1999:S155 (Special).
8. Hughes, Colin A. (2002). A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1985-1999. Sydney: Federation Press. p. 320.
9. Hughes (2002) p.321.

v t e Elections and referendums in Victoria
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Referendums	1898 1899
See also: Legislative Assembly by-elections Legislative Council by-elections

v t e Government of Victoria
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• Elections in Victoria (Australia)
• 1999 elections in Australia