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Key texts The Caliphate or the Grand Imamate (Rashīd Rīďha 1922) Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (Iqbal 1930s) Principles of State and Government (Asad 1961) Ma'alim fi al-Tariq ("Milestones") (Qutb 1965) Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist ("Velayat-e faqih") (Khomeini 1970)
Heads of state Ali Khamenei Omar al-Bashir Muammar Gaddafi Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Ruhollah Khomeini Mohamed Morsi Zia ul-Haq Mohammed Omar House of Saud House of Thani Hibatullah Akhundzada
Key ideologues Abu Hamza al-Masri Muhammad Abduh Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī Qazi Hussain Ahmad Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani Muhammad Asad Hassan al-Banna Rached Ghannouchi Safwat Hegazi Muhammad Iqbal Ali Khamenei Ruhollah Khomeini Necip Fazıl Kısakürek Abul A'la Maududi Abul Hasan Nadwi Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani Yusuf al-Qaradawi Sayyid Qutb Tariq Ramadan Ata Abu Rashta Rashid Rida Navvab Safavi Ali Shariati Haji Shariatullah Hassan Al-Turabi Ahmed Yassin Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Criticism of Islamism Criticism of Islamism Liberal and reform movements within Islam in Europe in North America Khaled Abu al-Fadl Farag Foda Abdelwahab Meddeb Maryam Namazie Maajid Nawaaz Sam Harris Olivier Roy Bassam Tibi Muhammad Sa'id al-Ashmawi Gilles Kepel Shiraz Maher Magnus Ranstorp
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Islamic Extremism is a term used to describe the actions and beliefs of violent Islamic activists, including terrorism and inhibition of freedom of speech.

Its definition is debated, but it is distinct from Islamic fundamentalism and Islamism in that neither of those necessarily denote or condone violence.

See also

• Jihad
• al-Qaeda
• Sayyid Qutb
• Islamic Terrorism

References

1. Ira Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies, 2nd Ed. (Cambridge, 2002), p. 823

Further reading

• Radical Islam Emmanuel Sivan
• Voices of Resurgent Islam John Esposito
• Political Islam John Esposito
• Lifting the Veil: The True Faces of Muhammad and Islam I.Q. Al Rassooli

External links

• "Terrorism is not Islamic" in the International Herald Tribune
• "Jihad and Jihadism" published by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
• Masked assailants vandalize UN summer camp in Gaza

• Islamic politics and Islamic world studies
• Criticism of Islam