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Judaism has no special or particular view of Muhammad, with very few currently available texts in Judaism directly referring to or taking note of Muhammad. Judaism finds no canonical Jewish scripture making reference to him, in contrast to Islam's beliefs that they contain prophecies of Muhammad. Most streams of the traditional Judaism take a strong stand against Muhammad's self-proclamation of receiving divine revelations from God, labelling him instead as a false prophet. One of the most important Jewish principles of faith is the belief that Moses was superior to all preceding and succeeding prophets, and that the Torah transmitted to Moses at Sinai remains uncorrupted due to Judaism's strict scribal laws.
Background
In the Tanakh, a prophet was seen as a person who was selected by, and spoke as a formal representative of God; the intention of the message being for the purpose of effecting a social change as conforming to God's desired standards initially specified in the Torah as dictated to Moses who is held to be the greatest prophet of all until the Messiah.
A prophet with a message had to confirm his status as a prophet by giving signs in the form of predictions of near events, which upon their occurrence would verify his status as a prophet, and without their occurrence would mandate his execution as a false prophet.
Muhammad gave signs of the near future and the situations occured, confirming his claim of prophethood. A prominent Yemenite Jewish theologian of the 12th century, Rabbi Nethanel ibn al-Fayyumi, wrote in his philosophical treatise Bustan al-Uqul ("Garden of Wisdom") that God sends prophets to establish religions for other nations, which don't have to conform to the precepts of the Jewish Torah. Thus, Rabbi Nethanel explicitly considered Muhammad a true prophet, who was sent from Heaven with a particular message that applies to the Arabs, but not to the Jews.
Rabbi Nethanel ibn al-Fayyumi's view of religion can be compared to the pluralistic approach of the contemporary Rabbi Jonathan Sacks and has gained some popularity in Liberal Modern Orthodox Jewish circles.
Quite a few medieval Rabbis in Islamic lands quote the Qur'an as a valuable source of theological, ethical or philosophical knowledge. However, it does not necessarily mean that those Rabbis accepted Muhammad as a prophet, because they also refer from time to time to the works of Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus and other philosophers, whom they considered wise men, but clearly not prophets. Some prominent medieval Rabbis also embraced some elements of the Sufi mysticism, or even Sufism as a whole. However, they believed that Sufi practices originated from the Biblical prophets, and not from Islam.
Judaism's worldview and Muhammad
Judaism's view of Prophets and Prophecy
Prophets were seen as having attained the highest degree of holiness, scholarship and closeness to God and set the standards for human perfection. The Talmud reports that there were more than a million prophets, but most of the prophets conveyed messages that were intended solely for their own generation and were not reported in Scripture.
A prophet is not necessarily a Jew with a prophetic message for Jews: the Talmud reports that there were prophets among the gentiles (most notably Balaam, whose story is told in Numbers 22, and Job, who is considered a non-Jew by most rabbinical opinions). The prophet Jonah was sent on a mission to speak to the gentiles of the city of Nineveh.