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Diphenyl disulfide

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Diphenyl disulfide
Skeletal formula of diphenyl disulfide
Ball-and-stick model of diphenyl disulfide
Names
IUPAC name Diphenyl disulfide
Preferred IUPAC name Disulfanyldibenzene
Other names Phenyl disulfide
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.011.752 Edit this at Wikidata
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • SS6825000
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C12H10S2/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-14-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10HKey: GUUVPOWQJOLRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C12H10S2/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-14-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10HKey: GUUVPOWQJOLRAS-UHFFFAOYAY
SMILES
  • c1ccc(cc1)SSc2ccccc2
Properties
Chemical formula C12H10S2
Molar mass 218.36 g/mol
Appearance Colourless crystals
Density ? g/cm
Melting point 61–62 °C
Solubility in water Insoluble
Solubility in other solvents Diethyl ether,
Benzene,
Carbon disulfide,
THF
Structure
Dipole moment 0 D
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards Flammable
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Diphenyl disulfide is the chemical compound with the formula 2. This colorless crystalline material is often abbreviated Ph2S2. It is one of the most popular organic disulfides used in organic synthesis. Minor contamination by thiophenol is responsible for the disagreeable odour associated with this compound.

Preparation and structure

Ph2S2 is usually prepared by the oxidation of thiophenol:

2 PhSH + I2 → Ph2S2 + 2 HI

Hydrogen peroxide can also be used as the oxidant. Ph2S2 is rarely prepared in the laboratory because it is inexpensive, and the precursor has a disagreeable odour.

Like most organic disulfides, the C2S2 core of Ph2S2 is non-planar with a dihedral angle approaching 85°.

Reactions

Ph2S2 is mainly used in organic synthesis as a source of the PhS substituent. A typical reaction entails the formation of PhS-substituted carbonyl compounds via the enolate:

RC(O)CHLiR’ + Ph2S2 → RC(O)CH(SPh)R’ + LiSPh

Reduction

Ph2S2 undergoes reduction, a reaction characteristic of disulfides:

Ph2S2 + 2 M → 2 MSPh (M = Li, Na, K)

Hydride reagents such as sodium borohydride and super hydride can also be used as reductants. The salts PhSM are sources of the potent nucleophile PhS. Most alkyl halides, RX (X = halide) convert it to the thioethers with the general formula RSPh. Analogously, protonation of MSPh gives thiophenol:

PhSM + HCl → HSPh + MCl

Chlorination

Ph2S2 reacts with chlorine to give phenylsulfenyl chloride PhSCl (Zincke disulfide cleavage). This species is somewhat difficult to isolate, so it is usually generated in situ.

Catalyst for photoisomerisation of alkenes

Ph2S2catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of alkenes under UV-irradiation.

Oxidation

Oxidation of Ph2S2 with lead(IV) acetate (Pb(OAc)4) in methanol affords the sulfinite ester PhS(O)OMe.

References

  1. Ravikumar,K. S.; Kesavan, V.; Crousse, B.; Bonnet-Delpon, D.; Bégué, J.-P. (2003). "Mild and Selective Oxidation of Sulfur Compounds in Trifluoroethanol: Diphenyl Disulfide and Methyl Phenyl Sulfoxide". Organic Syntheses. 80: 184{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link).
  2. Byers, J. H. "Diphenyl Disulfide" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. DOI: 10.1002/047084289.
  3. Thalmann, A. Oertle, K.; Gerlach, H. (1990). "Ricinelaidic Acid Lactone". Organic Syntheses{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link); Collected Volumes, vol. 7, p. 470.
  4. Field, L.; Locke, J. M. (1973). "Methyl Benzenesulfinate". Organic Syntheses{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link); Collected Volumes, vol. 5, p. 723.
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