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p-Xylene

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p-Xylene
Skeletal formula
Space-filling model
Names
Other names p-Xylol
1,4-Dimethylbenzene
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.088 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
RTECS number
  • ZE2625000
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
SMILES
  • CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1
Properties
Chemical formula C8H10
Molar mass 106.16 g/mol
Appearance Colorless liquid
colorless crystalline solid
Density 0.861 g/mL
Melting point 13.2 °C (55.8 °F; 286.3 K)
Boiling point 138.35 °C (281.03 °F; 411.50 K)
Solubility in water insoluble
Solubility in ethanol very soluble
Solubility in diethyl ether very soluble
Refractive index (nD) 1.49582
Viscosity 0.7385 cP at 0 °C
0.6475 cP at 20 °C
Dipole moment 0.07 D
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards Harmful or fatal if swallowed. Vapor harmful. Flammable liquid and vapor.
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2 3 0
Flash point 25 °C
Related compounds
Supplementary data page
P-Xylene (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). ☒N verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

p-Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, based on benzene with two methyl substituents. The “p” stands for para, identifying the location of the methyl groups as across from one another.

It is an isomer of xylene. Other isomers include o-xylene and m-xylene. p-Xylene is used on a large scale for the manufacture of terephthalic acid for polyester. Its polymer is known as Parylene. p-Xylene is produced by catalytic reforming of naptha (petroleum derivative) and separated in a series of distillation, adsorption or crystallization and reaction processes from m-xylene, o-xylene and ethylbenzene. Its melting point is the highest among this series of isomers, but simple crystallization does not allow easy purification due to the formation of eutectic mixtures.

References

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