Hackney South (UK Parliament constituency)

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Hackney South was a parliamentary constituency in "The Metropolis" (later the County of London). It was represented by nine Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, only two of whom, Horatio Bottomley and Herbert Morrison, were returned.

History

The constituency was created under the Redistribution of Seats Act, 1885 when the two-member Parliamentary Borough of Hackney was split into three single-member divisions. The seat, officially the Southern Division of the Parliamentary Borough of Hackney was first contested at the 1885 general election. The constituency was abolished in 1955.

Boundaries

Hackney South in the parliamentary county of London, showing boundaries used from 1950 to 1955.

1885 - 1918

In 1885 the constituency was defined as consisting of:

No. 7 or South Hackney Ward of Hackney Parish
No. 6 or Homerton Ward of Hackney Parish
The part of the No. 5 or Hackney Ward of Hackney Parish south of the centres of Everning Road, Upper Clapton Road, and the Upper and Lower Clapton Roads.

1918 - 1950

The Representation of the People Act 1918 redrew constituencies throughout Great Britain. Seats in the County of London were redefined in terms of wards of the Metropolitan Boroughs that had been created in 1900. The Metropolitan Borough of Hackney was divided into three divisions, with the same names as the constituencies created in 1885. Hackney South was defined as consisting of:

Homerton Ward
South Hackney Ward
Stamford Hill Ward
The part of Clapton Park Ward to the south of a line drawn along the centres of Glenarm Road, Glyn Road and Redwald Road to its junction with Maclaren Street, thence across the recreation grounds in Daubeney Road to the borough boundary at a point fifty feet north of a boundary post situate at the junction of the Waterworks River with the River Lea at Lead Mill Point.

1950 - 1955

Under the Representation of the People Act 1948 the Boroughs of Hackney and Stoke Newington jointly formed two seats, the borough constituencies of Stoke Newington and Hackney North and Hackney South. Hackney South was enlarged: consisting of the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney except the five wards of Leaside, Maury, Southwold, Springfield and Stamford.

Redistribution

Following a review of constituencies by the Boundary Commission appointed under the House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949, parliamentary seats in the metropolitan boroughs of Bethnal Green, Hackney and Stoke Newington were redrawn. The Hackney South constituency was abolished, with most passing to a new Hackney Central borough constituency, and some parts to Bethnal Green.

Members of Parliament

Election		Member	Party	Notes
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1885	Sir Charles Russell	Liberal	later Baron Russell of Killowen
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1894 by-election	John Fletcher Moulton	Liberal	later Baron Moulton
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1895	Thomas Herbert Robertson	Conservative
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1906	Horatio Bottomley	Liberal	resigned 16 May 1912 after being declared bankrupt
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1912 by-election	Hector Morison	Liberal
style="background-color: Template:Independent (politician)/meta/color" \|	1918	Horatio Bottomley	Independent	expelled 1 Aug 1922 after being convicted of fraud
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1922 by-election	Clifford Erskine-Bolst	Conservative
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1923	Herbert Morrison	Labour	later Baron Morrison of Lambeth
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1924	George Garro-Jones	Liberal	later 1st Baron Trefgarne
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1929	Herbert Morrison	Labour	later Baron Morrison of Lambeth
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1931	Marjorie Graves	Conservative
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1935	Herbert Morrison	Labour	later Baron Morrison of Lambeth
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" \|	1945	Herbert Butler	Labour
	1955	constituency abolished

Elections

Elections in the 1950s

General Election 1951: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Herbert Butler	39,271	66.5	+5.5
	Conservative	P A G Rawlinson	18,003	30.5	+9.8
	Communist	J R Betteridge	1,744	3.0	−0.8
Majority			21,268	36.0	+0.7
	Labour hold

General Election 1950: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Herbert Butler	35,821	61.0	+9.6
	Conservative	H P Brooks	15,105	25.7	N/A
	Liberal	F A Marlow	5,575	9.5	N/A
	Communist	J R Betteridge	4,891	3.8	−20.4
Majority			20,716	35.3	+7.9
	Labour hold

Elections in the 1940s

General Election 1945: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Herbert Butler	10,432	51.6	−7.7
	National Liberal	S Price	4,901	24.2	N/A
	Communist	William Rust	4,891	24.2	N/A
Majority			5,531	27.4	+8.8
	Labour hold

Elections in the 1930s

General Election 1935: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Herbert Morrison	15,830	59.3	+14.7
	Conservative	Marjorie Graves	10,876	40.7	−14.7
Majority			4,954	18.6	+29.4
	Labour gain from Conservative

General Election 1931: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Marjorie Graves	15,920	55.4	+28.4
	Labour	Herbert Morrison	12,827	44.6	−6.6
Majority			3,093	10.8	+35.0
	Conservative gain from Labour

Elections in the 1920s

General Election 1929: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Herbert Morrison	15,590	51.2	+4.7
	Conservative	Sir Tresham Lever	8,222	27.0	N/A
	Liberal	Miss Muriel Morgan Gibbon	6,302	20.7	−32.8
	Communist	J. T. Murphy	331	1.1	N/A
Majority			7,368	24.2	+31.2
	Labour gain from Liberal

General Election 1924: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	G M Garro-Jones	13,415	53.5	+23.3
	Labour	Herbert Morrison	11,651	46.5	+3.7
Majority			1,761	7.0	+19.2
	Liberal gain from Labour

General Election 1923: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Herbert Morrison	9,578	42.8	−5.8
	Liberal	George Morgan Garro-Jones	6,757	30.2	N/A
	Conservative	Clifford Erskine-Bolst	6,047	27.0	−24.4
Majority			2,821	12.2	+29.6
	Labour gain from Conservative

General Election 1922: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Clifford Erskine-Bolst	14,017	51.4	+1.2
	Labour	G Holford Knight	9,276	48.6	−1.2
Majority			4,741	17.4	+17.0
	Conservative hold

In May 1922 Bottomley was convicted of fraud and imprisoned in Wormwood Scrubs. He was expelled from the Commons and a writ issued for a by-election in August.

Hackney South by-election, 18 August 1922
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Clifford Erskine-Bolst	9,118	50.2	N/A
	Labour	G Holford Knight	9,046	49.8	N/A
Majority			72	0.4	N/A
	Conservative gain from Independent

Although elected a member of the 31st parliament, Erskine-Bolst was unable to take his seat as the House had adjourned, and did not meet again prior to dissolution.

Elections in the 1910s

In December 1918 Horatio Bottomley's bankruptcy was annulled, allowing him to stand for parliament again.

General Election 14 December 1918:
constituency of Hackney South
Composed of the Hackney wards of Homerton, South Hackney and Clapton Park (part)
Electorate , Turnout %,
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Horatio Bottomley	11,145	79.7	N/A
	National Liberal	Arthur Henry	2,830	20.3	N/A
Majority			8,315	59.5	N/A
	Independent gain from National Liberal

Bottomley resigned his Commons seat on 16 May 1912, due to his involvement in bankruptcy hearings.

Hackney South by-election, 24 May 1912
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Hector Morison	5,339	52.5	+3.1
	Conservative	John C Gibson	4,836	47.5	+15.9
Majority			503	4.9	−12.9
	Liberal hold

General Election December 1910: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Horatio Bottomley	5.068	49.4	−13.3
	Conservative	S C King-Farlow	3,243	31.6	−5.5
	Independent Liberal	R H Roberts	1,946	19.0	N/A
Majority			1,825	17.8	−8.0
	Liberal hold

General Election January 1910: Hackney North
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Horatio Bottomley	7,299	62.9	+0.5
	Conservative	C Wertheimer	4,304	37.1	+6.9
Majority			2,995	25.8	−6.4
	Liberal hold

Elections in the 1900s

General Election 1906, Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Horatio Bottomley	6,736	62.4	+12.5
	Conservative	Thomas Herbert Robertson	3,257	30.2	−19.9
	Independent Liberal	Rev. W Riley	804	7.4	N/A
Majority			3,476	32.2	+38.8
	Liberal gain from Conservative

General Election 1900, Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Thomas Herbert Robertson	4,714	50.1	+1.3
	Liberal	Horatio Bottomley	4,376	49.9	−1.3
Majority			338	3.6	+0.1
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1890s

General Election 1895, Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Thomas Herbert Robertson	4,681	51.2	+2.3
	Liberal	John Fletcher Moulton	4,362	48.8	−2.3
Majority			319	3.5	+5.7
	Conservative gain from Liberal

Sir George Russell was elevated to the peerage in 1894, necessitating a by-election.

Hackney South by-election, 7 May 1894
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Fletcher Moulton	4,530	51.1	−6.8
	Conservative	Thomas Herbert Robertson	4,338	48.9	+6.8
Majority			192	2.2	−13.7
	Liberal hold

General Election 1892: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Sir Charles Russell	4,537	57.9	+7.0
	Conservative	Thomas Herbert Robertson	3,293	42.1	−7.0
Majority			1,244	15.9	+14.1
	Liberal hold

Elections in the 1880s

General Election 1886: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Sir Charles Russell	2,800	50.9	−10.5
	Conservative	C J Darling	2,700	49.1	+10.8
Majority			100	1.8	−21.3
	Liberal hold

Following the appointment of Russell as Attorney General, he was obliged to stand for re-election.

Hackney South by-election, 11 February 1886
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Sir Charles Russell	3,174	61.4	+3.7
	Conservative	Andrew Richard Scoble	1,979	38.3	−4.0
	Ind. Conservative	Henry Munster	17	0.3	N/A
Majority			1,195	23.1	+7.8
	Liberal hold

General Election 1885: Hackney South
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Russell	3,544	57.7	N/A
	Conservative	C J Darling	2,602	42.3	N/A
Majority			942	15.3	N/A
	Liberal win (new seat)

References

Redistribution of Seats Act, 1885, C. 23., Sixth Schedule, Divisions of boroughs. Number, names, contents, and boundaries of divisions.
Representation of the People Act 1918 c.64, Ninth Schedule: Redistribution of Seats
Representation Of The People Act 1948, c.65, First Schedule: Parliamentary Constituencies
The Parliamentary Constituencies (Bethnal Green, Hackney and Stoke Newington) Order 1955 (S.I. 1955/20)
"UK general election results 1951". Political Science Resources. University of Keele. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
"UK general election results 1950". Political Science Resources. University of Keele. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
"UK general election results 1945". Political Science Resources. University of Keele. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
"The General Election: First Returns, Polling In The Boroughs". The Times. 15 November 1935. p. 8.
"The General Election: First Returns, Polling In The Boroughs". The Times. 28 October 1931. p. 6.
"The General Election: First Returns, Polling In The Boroughs". The Times. 31 May 1929. p. 6.
"The General Election: First Returns, Polling In The Boroughs". The Times. 30 October 1924. p. 6.
"The General Election: First Returns, Polling In The Boroughs, Liberal Gains". The Times. 7 December 1923. p. 6.
"The General Election: First Returns, Polling In The Boroughs, Heavy Voting". The Times. 16 November 1922. p. 6.
"Horatio Bottomley. An Extraordinary Career". The Times. 30 May 1922. p. 18.
"House of Commons. South Hackney Writ". The Times. 5 August 1922. p. 4.
"Mr Bottomley's Bankruptcy". The Times. 5 December 1918. p. 2.
"Resignation Of Mr. Bottomley. A By-Election In Hackney". The Times. 17 May 1912. p. 7.
"South Hackney Election". The Times. 25 May 1912. p. 9.
"Progress Of The General Election". The Times. 7 December 1910. p. 7.
"Progress Of The General Election". The Times. 20 January 1910. p. 6.
"The General Election, More Unionist Gains, The Polls". The Times. 17 July 1895. p. 6.
"Election Intelligence (Hackney South)". The Times. 8 May 1894. p. 5.
"The General Election. The Polls". The Times. 7 July 1892. p. 6.
"The General Election. The Polls". The Times. 6 July 1886. p. 6.
"Election Intelligence (Hackney South)". The Times. 12 February 1886. p. 6.
"The General Election. The Polls". The Times. 26 November 1885. p. 7.

Sources

Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "H" (part 1)

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