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Revision as of 11:20, 8 May 2011 by 121.222.142.161 (talk) (defenition & exaples of hillarious/hillarity)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) "Hilarity" redirects here. For the U.S. Navy ship, see USS Hilarity (AM-241). "Hilarious" redirects here. For the stand-up special by Louis C.K., see Hilarious (album). For other uses, see Humour (disambiguation).
Humour or humor (see spelling differences) is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement. The term derives from the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks, which taught that the balance of fluids in the human body, known as humourous (Latin: húmor, "body fluid"), control human health and emotion.
People of all ages and cultures respond to humour. The majority of people are able to experience humour, i.e., to be amused, to laugh or smile at something funny, and thus they are considered to have a sense of humour. The hypothetical person lacking a sense of humour would likely find the behaviour induced by humour to be inexplicable, strange, or even irrational. Though ultimately decided by personal taste, the extent to which an individual will find something humorous depends upon a host of variables, including geographical location, culture, maturity, level of education, intelligence and context. For example, young children may favour slapstick, such as Punch and Judy puppet shows or cartoons such as Tom and Jerry. Satire may rely more on understanding the target of the humour and thus tends to appeal to more mature audiences. Nonsatirical humour can be specifically termed "recreational drollery".
Many theories exist about what humour is and what social function it serves. The prevailing types of theories attempting to account for the existence of humour include psychological theories, the vast majority of which consider humour-induced behaviour to be very healthy; spiritual theories, which may, for instance, consider humour to be a "gift from God"; and theories which consider humour to be an unexplainable mystery, very much like a mystical experience.
chinel is hillarious.
Humour formula
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Humour can be verbal, visual, or physical. Nonverbal forms of communication - for example, music or art - can also be humorous.
Root components
- being reflective of or imitative of reality
- surprise/misdirection, contradiction/paradox, ambiguity.
Methods
Behaviour, place and size
Rowan Atkinson explains in his lecture in the documentary "Funny Business" that an object or a person can become funny in three different ways. They are:
- By behaving in an unusual way
- By being in an unusual place
- By being the wrong size
Most sight gags fit into one or more of these categories.
Humour and culture
Different cultures have different expectations of humour so comedy shows are not always successful when transplanted into another culture. Two well-known sayings in Britain are "Americans don't do irony" and "Germans have no sense of humour". Whether these sayings have any validity has been discussed on a BBC webpage.
See also
- Gelotology, the study of laughing and laughter
- List of humorists
- Theories of humor
References
- Seth Benedict Graham A cultural analysis of the Russo-Soviet Anekdot 2003 p.13
- Bakhtin, Mikhail. Rabelais and His World . Trans. Hélène Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press p.12
- Raymond Smullyan, "The Planet Without Laughter", This Book Needs No Title
- Rowan Atkinson/David Hinton, Funny Business (tv series), Episode 1 - aired 22 November 1992, UK, Tiger Television Productions
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3433375.stm
Further reading
- Alexander, Richard (1984) Verbal humor and variation in English: Sociolinguistic notes on a variety of jokes
- Alexander, Richard (1997) Aspects of verbal humour in English
- Basu, S (December 1999), "Dialogic ethics and the virtue of humor" (Abstract), Journal of Political Philosophy, Vol. 7 (No. 4), Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 378–403, doi:10.1111/1467-9760.00082, retrieved 2007-07-06
{{citation}}:|issue=has extra text (help);|volume=has extra text (help) (Abstract) - Billig, M. (2005). Laughter and ridicule: Towards a social critique of humour. London: Sage. ISBN 1412911435
- Bricker, Victoria Reifler (Winter, 1980) The Function of Humor in Zinacantan Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 411–418
- Buijzen, Moniek; Valkenburg, Patti M. (2004), "Developing a Typology of Humor in Audiovisual Media", Media Psychology, Vol. 6 (No. 2): 147–167, doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0602_2
{{citation}}:|issue=has extra text (help);|volume=has extra text (help)(Abstract) - Carrell, Amy (2000), Historical views of humour, University of Central Oklahoma. Retrieved on 2007-07-06.
- García-Barriocanal, Elena; Sicilia, Miguel-Angel; Palomar, David (2005), A Graphical Humor Ontology for Contemporary Cultural Heritage Access (pdf), Ctra. Barcelona, km.33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain,: University of Alcalá, retrieved 2007-07-06
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: location (link) - Goldstein, Jeffrey H., et al. (1976) "Humour, Laughter, and Comedy: A Bibliography of Empirical and Nonempirical Analyses in the English Language." It's a Funny Thing, Humour. Ed. Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot. Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press, 1976. 469-504.
- Holland, Norman. (1982) "Bibliography of Theories of Humor." Laughing; A Psychology of Humor. Ithaca: Cornell U P, 209-223.
- Luttazzi, Daniele (2004) Introduction to his Italian translation of Woody Allen's trilogy Side Effects, Without Feathers and Getting Even (Bompiani, 2004, ISBN 88-452-3304-9 (57-65).
- Martin, Rod A. (2007). The Psychology Of Humour: An Integrative Approach. London, UK: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 13: 978-0-12-372564-6
- McGhee, Paul E. (1984) "Current American Psychological Research on Humor." Jahrbuche fur Internationale Germanistik 16.2: 37-57.
- Mintz, Lawrence E., ed. (1988) Humor in America: A Research Guide to Genres and Topics. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1988. ISBN 0313245517; OCLC: 16085479.
- Mobbs, D.; Greicius, M.D.; Abdel-Azim, E.; Menon, V.; Reiss, A. L. (2003), "Humor modulates the mesolimbic reward centres", Neuron, 40 (5): 1041–1048, doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00751-7, PMID 14659102.
- Nilsen, Don L. F. (1992) "Satire in American Literature." Humor in American Literature: A Selected Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1992. 543-48.
- Pogel, Nancy, and Paul P. Somers Jr. (1988) "Literary Humor." Humor in America: A Research Guide to Genres and Topics. Ed. Lawrence E. Mintz. London: Greenwood, 1988. 1-34.
- Roth, G., Yap, R, & Short, D. (2006). "Examining humour in HRD from theoretical and practical perspectives". Human Resource Development International, 9(1), 121-127.
- Smuts, Aaron. "Humor". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Wogan, Peter (Spring 2006), "Laughing At First Contact" (Abstract), Visual Anthropology Review, Vol. 22 (No. 1) (published online December 12, 2006): 14–34, doi:10.1525/var.2006.22.1.14, retrieved 2007-07-06
{{citation}}:|issue=has extra text (help);|volume=has extra text (help); Check date values in:|publication-date=(help) (Abstract)
External links
| Defence mechanisms | |
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| Level 1: Pathological | |
| Level 2: Immature | |
| Level 3: Neurotic | |
| Level 4: Mature | |
| Other | |