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2011 Peruvian general election

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Peruvian general election, 2011
← 2006 April 10, 2011 (2011-04-10)
June 5, 2011 (2011-06-05) (presidential second round)		 2016 →
 
Nominee Ollanta Humala Keiko Fujimori Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
Party PNP Force 2011 Alliance for the Great Change
Popular vote 4,466,275 3,307,369 2,605,514
Percentage 31.73% 23.49% 18.51%
First round result by districts: Red and pink = Ollanta Humala victory; orange and gold = Keiko Fujimori victory, pink = Pedro Pablo Kuczynski victory; and green = Alejandro Toledo victory.
President before election

Alan García
APRA

Elected President

TBD

Politics of Peru
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Executive
Legislature Congress of the Republic President
Eduardo Salhuana
Judiciary

Supreme Court of the Republic
President Javier Arévalo Vela [es]

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flag Peru portal

The Peruvian general election, 2011 took place on 10 April, 2011. Since no candidate received more than half of all valid votes, a second round is necessary to determine the winner. This second round will be held on 5 June The election will determine the successor of Alan García, as well as 130 members of the Peruvian Congress and 5 members of the Andean Parliament. The winners will be sworn in on 28 July. The winner of this election will become the 94th President of Peru and will govern the country for the next five years. Each candidate has two vice-presidential candidates.

Background

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After the third presidential term of Alberto Fujimori, new rules were established to curtail presidential authority. The outgoing president is now forbidden to run for reelection until five years have elapsed since the end of a presidential term.

Peruvian politics adhere to a multi-party system, in which no one political group has a majority in Congress. This has led recent administrations to form loose alliances while in office to govern effectively. Such multi-party system has been in place ever since the administration of President Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000), following his 1992 dissolution of Congress

The elections are organised by three groups. First of all the RENIEC (National Registry of Identification and Civil Status), they are in charge of maintaining the civil records. And by that they define who has to vote and who doesn’t. In Peru, all citizens aged 18 to 70 are compelled to vote, elections being discretionary past the age of 70. The real organization of the elections and also of all other referenda is done by the ONPE (National Office of Electoral Processes). The last organisation is the JNE (National Jury of Elections), they are looking into the legality of the elections and the campaign plans.

The positions to be elected are:

  • Congressional Election
    • 130 Members of Congress
  • Andean Parliament
    • 5 Andean MPs
    • 10 substitute MPs

Presidential candidates

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The election campaigns started early in the summer of 2010. During most of 2010, polls were led by two right wing political parties: Solidaridad Nacional (National Solidarity), led by former mayor of Lima Luis Castañeda Lossio and Fuerza 2011 (Force), led by ex-president Alberto Fujimori's daughter, Keiko Fujimori. In November 2010, Alianza por el Gran Cambio (Alliance for the Great Change) launched the candidacy of the former prime minister Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. Claiming a more centrist stand are, APRA the ruling party and Peru Posible (Possible Peru), under the leadership of former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo.

The left-wing politician Ollanta Humala is supported by the Peruvian Nationalist Party.

The Aprista Party (APRA), Fuerza Social and Cambio Radical do not have presidential candidates. The incumbent Alan García's American Popular Revolutionary Alliance is also not fielding a candidate in the election.

Political Party or Group Presidential candidate Candidate for Vice President Candidate for 2 Vice President
Alianza Gana Perú
Ollanta Humala
Marisol Espinoza
Omar Chehade
Fuerza 2011
Keiko Fujimori
Rafael Rey
Jaime Yoshiyama
Alianza Perú Posible
Alejandro Toledo
Carlos Bruce
Javier Reátegui
Alianza por el Gran Cambio
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
Máximo San Román
Marisol Pérez Tello
Alianza Solidaridad Nacional
Luis Castañeda Lossio
Augusto Ferrero Costa
Carmen Rosa Núñez
Justicia, Tecnología, Ecología
Humberto Pinazo
Wilson Barrantes
Víctor Girao
Partido Despertar Nacional
Ricardo Noriega
Martina Portocarrero
Roberto Villar
Partido Fonavista del Perú
José Ñique de la Puente
Andrés Alcántara
Cecilia Grados Guerrero
Partido Fuerza Nacional
Juliana Reymer
Julio Macedo
Sergio Gallardo
Partido Político Adelante
Rafael Belaúnde Aubry
Luis Destefano
Sixto Vilcas

Alejandro Toledo is a former president.

Keiki Fujimori campaign ran on support of the status quo free-market policies, however she was seen as hindered because of her ties to her father Alberto Fujimori, who is in prison for corruption and human rights crimes following a crackdown on the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement in the 1990s following the Japanese embassy hostage crisis in 1996-1997.

Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, a former prime minister, is also known as "El Gringo" because he has U.S. citizenship and is of European descent. He support was seen as limited outside Lima because of his support amongst the country's elite.

Ollanta Humala, who had once led a military revolt in 2000 that was quickly put down, softened what was seen as his anti-capitalist tone to look more moderate along the lines of Brazil's former president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. He told a campaign rally that "We are willing to make many concessions to unite Peru, we are going to talk with all political forces. Social problems must be resolved through dialogue. Let's vote without fear." Voters were seen to vote against Garcia in order to have a "fairer division of Peru's booming economy - backed by rich mineral resources - a key issue for more than a third of the population still living in poverty." The other candidates tried to discredit him by saying he increase state control over the economy, roll back reforms and jeopardise about $40bn in potential foreign investment over the next decade in mining and energy exploration. Moody's ratings agency also said that Peru's investment-grade credit rating would not be threatened should Humala win. Despite this the sol and the Lima Stock Exchange's flagship index main stock index fell over the two weeks before the first round of the election on speculation that Humala would raise mining taxes, increase state subsidies and/or tighten control of such "strategic" sectors as electricity.

Opinion polls showed that Fujimori and Kuczynski would struggle to defeat Humala in a runoff vote.

Debates

Date Host Location Moderator Subject Highlights
03 March El Comercio El Comercio headquarters
Lima 		Juan Paredes Castro Education, security, social inclusion and free subject The eleven presidential candidates presented their proposals. Alejandro Toledo won the newspaper poll.
13 March Jurado Nacional de Elecciones Colegio Médico
Lima 		Federico Salazar Varied
03 April Asociación Civil Transparencia Sheraton Hotel
Lima 		José María Salcedo Varied Only the top five candidates are to be included. This has caused various criticisms from other candidates, who argue that the debate is undemocratic and exclusive. Political analysts agreed that the 5 main candidates didn't make new proposals.

Presidential polls

First Round

Date Source Keiko Fujimori Alejandro Toledo Ollanta Humala Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Luis Castañeda
01/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 18% 9% 15% 3% 23%
02/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 21% 9% 13% - 22%
03/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 20% 11% 12% - 20%
04/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 18% 12% 14% 2% 22%
05/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 18% 13% 13% 2% 22%
06/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 22% 12% 13% 2% 21%
07/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 22% 14% 12% 2% 20%
08/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 20% 14% 12% 2% 20%
08/2010 Datum 20% 14% 12% - 19%
08/2010 Imasen 19.7% 12.1% 13.6% 1.7% 20.2%
09/2010 CPI 19.6% 14.6% 9.8% 1.2% 23.1%
09/2010 Datum 23% 14% 12% 2% 21%
09/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 24% 16% 14% 2% 19%
09/2010 IMA 25.2% 19.3% 11.8% - 20.1%
10/2010 Datum 24% 16% 11% 1% 26%
10/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 23% 16% 11% 2% 24%
11/2010 CPI 19.6% 20.5% 8% 1.2% 24.1%
11/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 20% 20% 10% 3% 24%
11/2010 Idice 20.8% 20.7% 13.7% 1.9% 23%
12/2010 IOP 22% 22% 9% 1% 25%
12/2010 Datum 22% 26% 10% 2% 21%
12/2010 IMA 22.8% 28.6% 9.1% - 21%
12/2010 CPI 19.3% 22% 9.8% 3.3% 24.6%
12/2010 Ipsos Apoyo 20% 23% 11% 5% 23%
12/2010 IMA 17.4% 27.3% 10.1% 5.8% 22.8%
01/2011 Datum 20% 27% 10% 4% 22%
01/2011 CPI 18.8% 25.2% 11.7% 5% 22.2%
01/2011 Ipsos Apoyo 22% 27% 10% 5% 19%
01/2011 Imasen 20.3% 30.7% 12.1% 5% 21.3%
02/2011 IOP 20.3% 28.6% 12% 3.6% 17.5%
02/2011 Datum 20% 30% 10% 5% 19%
02/2011 CPI 17.6% 30.2% 10.4% 4.3% 20.2%
02/2011 Ipsos Apoyo 22% 28% 12% 6% 18%
02/2011 IMA 20.7% 36.5% 11% 4.4% 19.9%
02/2011 Datum 19% 28% 11% 5% 19%
02/2011 Ipsos Apoyo 21% 28% 14% 6% 17%
02/2011 CPI 18.8% 28.4% 13.4% 6.4% 20.1%
03/2011 Datum 18% 29% 13% 7% 18%
03/2011 Imasen 19.2% 30% 14.1% 6.4% 19.6%
03/2011 IOP 19.3% 26.6% 15.5% 10.6% 17.3%
03/14/2011 Ipsos Apoyo 19% 26% 15% 9% 17%
03/21/2011 Ipsos Apoyo 19% 23% 17% 14% 14%
03/20/2011 Datum 17% 20.2% 18.5% 12.7% 15.5%
03/21/2011 CPI 20% 20.5% 15.7% 14.9% 17%
03/25/2011 Datum 16.1% 19.4% 17.6% 17.5% 15.5%
03/27/2011 CPI 19% 18.6% 21.2% 16.1% 15.5%
03/27/2011 Ipsos Apoyo 22.3% 21.6% 22.8% 15.8% 15%
03/31/2011 Imasen 17.6% 23.9% 21.9% 16.9% 13.8%
04/01/2011 Datum 16.4% 17.4% 21.4% 17.5% 12.6%
04/03/2011 Ipsos Apoyo 20.5% 18.5% 27.2% 18.1% 12.8%
04/03/2011 CPI 19.1% 19.6% 28.7% 17.8% 14.0%
04/03/2011 Imasen 18.2% 20% 25% 16.5% 11.6%
04/07/2011 CPI 21.5% 15% 29% 19.3%
04/07/2011 Ipsos Apoyo 21.4% 18.2% 28% 18.4%
04/08/2011 Datum 22.3% 15.3% 31.9% 17.3%

There has been a lot of discussion about these polls. For instance, for a while the JNE enforced new regulations where people were obliged to give personal information. After protests by poll organisations and the people of Peru, these regulations were nullified since they were seen as an invasion of the privacy of the poll takers. According to the JNE it is not permitted publish new polls one week before the day of election.

Ipsos Apoyo polls, 2011

Second round

Date Source Ollanta Humala Keiko Fujimori
04/24/2011 Ipsos Apoyo 42% 36%
04/28/2011 CPI 40.6% 36.8%
04/29/2011 Datum 41.5% 40.3%
05/01/2011 Imasen 42% 37.8%
05/04/2011 Ipsos Apoyo 39% 38%
05/07/2011 IOP - PUCP 40.7% 40.5%

Result

The Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales released the result: Template:Peruvian presidential election, 2011

References

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