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"Butterfly" is a song by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey from her sixth studio album, Butterfly. It was released as the second single from the album on December 1, 1997 by Columbia Records. The song was written by Carey and Walter Afanasieff; both of them producing and arranging the song as well. "Butterfly" is a ballad combining elements of pop and gospel genres. Carey had originally conceived it as a house record with David Morales titled "Fly Away (Butterfly Reprise)". After realizing how personal the lyrics were and how they could be applied to Butterfly, she wrote the album's title track with Afanasieff. On the song's lyrics, Carey sings to someone, telling them to spread their wings and release into the world on their own, like a butterfly. Carey described the song as her "favorite and most personal ballad".

The song's music video depicts Carey in an abandoned house, trapped in a desolate life. As the video progresses, she leaves, apparently for the first time in years, and runs into a nearby meadow. Towards the end, Carey jumps over a barbed fence and goes out into the world on a horse. The song's lyrics and video were directly connected to Carey's personal life at the time. "Butterfly" was performed live on The David Letterman Show, Saturday Night Live and various European television programs. The song was also a permanent part of the set-list during her Butterfly World Tour during 1998. Due to current conflict with Columbia, "Butterfly" was never issued a commercial release, therefore hindering its charting ability. The song performed weakly on the charts, peaking outside the top twenty in most countries, except for New Zealand, where it peaked at number fifteen. In the United States, "Butterfly" was not eligible to chart on the Hot 100 due to Billboard rules at the time.

Background

During the recording for Butterfly, Carey was in the midst of her separation from then husband, Tommy Mottola. While writing the material for the album, she wrote a house music record titled "Fly Away (Butterfly Reprise)" with David Morales. When the song was finished, Carey felt there was something more she could do with the song; the lyrics were very personal and a perfect fit for a ballad. After contemplating on the matter, Carey re-wrote "Fly Away" in ballad form, and incorporated new lyrics and vocals.

"It was '97 and I was leaving my marriage . which encompassed my life. I was writing the song 'Butterfly' wishing that that's what he would say to me. There's a part that goes, 'I have learned that beauty/has to flourish in the light/wild horses run unbridled/or their spirit dies/you have given me the courage/to be all that I can/and I truly feel ... and I truly feel your heart will lead you back to me when you're ready to land.' At that point I really believed that I was going to go back to the marriage – I didn't think I was going to leave forever. But then the things that happened to me during that time caused me to not go back. Had it been, 'Go be yourself, you've been with me since you were a kid, let's separate for a while,' I probably would've."

The song was named "Butterfly" and became Carey's "favorite and most heartfelt ballad." Its lyrics were very personal, linking to Carey's personal life and relationship with Mottola. Carey wrote "Butterfly" for Mottola, hoping he would say its contents to her, and choose to do what was best for her. She described the song as "the best ballad she had ever written" and credited it as the epitome of her magnum opus, which was Butterfly.

Composition

"Butterfly" is a personal ballad, which blends pop, gospel and Contemporary R&B genres. It incorporates piano and drum notes, including heavy beats and grooves. As part of "layering the song," background vocals are featured throughout the chorus and sections of the bridge. Its is set in the signature common time, and is written in the key of G♭ major. It features a basic chord progression of A♭-F♭-₁. Carey's vocal range in the song spans from the note of G♭₃ to the high note of G♭♭₅; the piano and guitar pieces range from G♭₃ to G♭₅ as well. The song contains choral lyrics written by Carey, who produced the song's melody and chorus as well. Aside from assisting with its writing and chord progression, Afanasieff co-arranged and produced the track as well. In his review for the album, David Browne commented on the song's lyrics and message "The title song, a slice of florid pop gospel, explores the old if-you-love-someone-set-her-free theme; It isn't a reach to interpret these songs as describing life with the reportedly controlling Mottola.

Critical reception

Paul Verna from Billboard gave the song a positive review, writing "the lovely "Butterfly" is classic Carey, from its gospel-kissed ballad instrumentation and choir chants to the diva's soaring, glass-shattering performance." Verna concluded his review of the song "This should not imply, however, that she is covering crusty old ground. The notable maturity in her lyrics and worldly warmth of her vocal reflect the growth that she has continually strived to attain." Rick Juzwiak from Slant gave the song a mixed review, but felt it was a pivotal part of Carey's vocal and musical transition. Juzwiak wrote "The agonizingly slow "Butterfly," with its predictably soaring chorus and if-it-comes-back-it-was-meant-to-be message, would have been ignorable tripe. Here, it's a show for the peeping. Echoes of her newly failed relationship with Mottola bounce off the gospelly song's cheap stained glass and then garble so that it sounds like some insane document of Stockholm Syndrome." He felt however, that the song was an important part of the album, "It isn't just subject matter that elevates "Butterfly" above Carey's usual melodrama. Carey's vocal delivery and her willingness to experiment with it helped define the album, so it's only appropriate that its title track is the first of many to showcase Carey's much-debated "whisper voice."

Chart performance

"Butterfly" was a moderate success on the charts, performing weakly in many music markets. In the United States, Billboard rules at the time did not allow non-commercially released singles to chart on the Hot 100. Songs were required to have been issued a commercial release in order to chart, therefore not qualifying "Butterfly". However, due to live promotion and popularity, the song charted on the Hot 100 Airplay, peaking at number seven. In Canada, the song entered the RPM Singles Chart at number fifty-seven on the RPM issue dated November 3, 1997, and reached its peak of number twenty-two on December 01, 1997. It was present on the chart for a total of fourteen weeks.

The song's success in Europe was very limited as well, due to its non-commercial release. In the United Kingdom, the song entered the singles chart at its peak of twenty-two, the week of December 13, 1997. "Butterfly" stayed in the chart for six weeks, falling out of the chart the week of January 17, 1998. In France and The Netherlands, the song peaked at number forty-three and fifty-two, respectively. In Australia, "Butterfly" cracked the top-forty, peaking at number twenty-seven and spending a total of ten weeks on the chart. "Butterfly" charted at number fifteen in New Zealand, spending seven weeks on the chart. "Butterfly" was nominated for the 1998 Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, which it lost to Sarah McLachlan's "Building a Mystery".

Music video

The single's music video was co-directed by Carey and Daniel Pearl. It was inspired by the Tennessee Williams play Baby Doll and a dream Carey had one night. The video begins with scenes of a man leaving his home one early morning; only his feet are shown. Carey is first seen residing in the old abandoned house, in the middle of a large meadow. She awakes, sad and depressed, with the viewer making notice or her battered and disheveled clothing. As she walks down the stairs, Carey sits on the staircase, lamenting in agony at her loneliness. As the video climaxes, Carey is seen finally leaving the foyer, apparently for the first time in many years, escaping from the misery she once called home. As she reaches the outskirts of the property, Carey mounts a horse, which assists her in jumping over the barbed fence. After leaving, Carey is seen smiling for the first time in the video, while waiving her arms in the air.

The video drew many comparisons to the rumors of Carey's deteriorating marriage at the time. Author Chris Nickson felt the video, like the song, served as a metaphor for the things that were taking place in her life at the time. Rumors circulated that Mottola was controlling, abusive and would even monitor Carey's phone calls. For this reason, she is portrayed with tattered clothing and hair in the video, with the final moments showing her escape. It features Carey finally leaving the lonely and abusive marriage she once was part of, and finally breaking free into the outside world. Unlike the video, the lyrics spoke of setting your loved one free, because it is the best thing for them; showing that their love for the person should be greater than their own happiness.

Remixes

David Morales created several dance remixes of the song — in addition to the original version of "Butterfly", which is known as "Fly Away (Butterfly Reprise)" — among them are the "Fly Away" club mix (an extended version of "Fly Away (Butterfly Reprise)") and Def 'B' Fly mix (a variation of the "Fly Away" club mix with completely re-sung vocals of the original "Butterfly"). "Fly Away (Butterfly Reprise)" reached the top twenty on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, and a shortened version is included as an interlude on the album Butterfly. Latin remixes of "Butterfly", influenced by the musical styles of flamenco and salsa, were also commissioned by Meme. They include "Butterfly" (Sambatterfly), "Butterfly" (Classic Bossa Nova), and "Butterfly" (Meme's extended club mix part 1).

Live performances

Carey performed "Butterfly" on various American and European television programs. In the US, Carey first performed the song live on The David Letterman Show, prior to an interview. Carey wore a mid-length black gown for the performance, and was accompanied by three back-up singers, Walter Afanasieff on piano and Randy Jackson playing the bass. On September 17th, Carey performed the song live on Saturday Night Live, alongside "My All". The performance featured the same musicians on set, with the exception of Afanasieff, who was absent. Carey sang "Butterfly" live on The Oprah Winfrey Show alongside her previous hit, "Hero". For her appearance, Carey wore a short blue skirt, and featured an array of gospel back-up singers. In Europe, Carey performed the song on the popular German game show, Wetten, dass..?, featured only three female back-up singers. In France, Carey visited the talk show, "The Hit Machine", were she performed the song as well. After completing the song, Carey received a standing ovation.

The song was sung during her Butterfly World Tour in 1998, a part of the set list of every show. For the performances in Japan, Carey donned a long flowing gown, and featured live back-up. During the performance, large images of butterflies were projected onto the large screen behind her. The performances served as the closing song on the set-list. Similar props and set-up were used for the following shows of the tour, with the addition on the "Fly Away (Butterfly Reprise)" addition at the show's finale. In subsequent tours, the chorus of the song was played by the band and sung by the background vocals at the end of each concert as Carey would exit the stage. In the Angels Advocate Tour an instrumental version was played as an introduction while Carey entered the stage.

Formats and track listings

American CD single

1. "Butterfly"
2. "Fly Away" (Butterfly reprise)

Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from the Butterfly liner notes.

• Mariah Carey – co-production, songwriting, vocals
• Walter Afanasieff – songwriting, co-production

Charts

References

1. ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 166–167 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNickson1998 (help)
2. Sischy, Ingrid (2007-09-20). "Mariah Carey: The Naked Truth From The World's Biggest Diva". Interview. pp. 156–165Template:Inconsistent citations {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
3. ^ Nickson 1998, p. 168 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNickson1998 (help)
4. ^ Abrego 1998, pp. 30–35 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAbrego1998 (help)
5. Browne, David (1997-09-19). "Music Review – Mariah Carey: Butterfly". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
6. Verna, Paul (1997-09-27). Reviews & Previews. Billboard. Retrieved 2010-11-15. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
7. ^ Juzwiak, Rich (2003-12-18). "Music Review: Mariah Carey: Butterfly". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
8. "Top Singles – Volume 66, No. 9, November 03 1997". RPM. 1997-11-03. Retrieved 2010-09-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
9. ^ "Top Singles – Volume 66, No. 13, December 01 1997". RPM. 1997-12-01. Retrieved 2010-09-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
10. "Top Singles – Volume 66, No. 22, February 23, 1998". RPM. RPM Music Publications Ltd. 1998-02-23. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
11. ^ "Chart Stats > Mariah Carey – Butterfly". The Official Charts Company. Chartstats.com. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
12. ^ "Mariah Carey – Honey (song)". Swisscharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2010-11-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
13. ^ Nickson 1998, p. 176 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNickson1998 (help)
14. ^ Argenson 2010, pp. 24–28 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFArgenson2010 (help)
15. "Butterfly". Amazon.com. NASDAQ. Retrieved 2010-11-30. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
16. "Fly Away (Butterfly Reprise)". Amazon.com. NASDAQ. Retrieved 2010-11-30. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
17. Carey, Mariah (1997). Butterfly (Liner Notes) (Media notes). New York City, New York: Columbia Records. {{cite AV media notes}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |coauthors= and |notestitle= (help); Text "p" ignored (help)
18. "Chartverfolgung/Carey, Mariah/Single" (in German). musicline.de PhonoNet. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
19. "UK Charts > Mariah Carey". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
20. ^ "Mariah Carey > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums". Allmusic. Macrovision. Retrieved 2010-04-07.

Further reading

• Abrego, Jim (2010). Mariah Carey: Butterfly. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-0793589869.
• Argenson, Jim (2010). Mariah Carey: Butterfly. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-0793589869Template:Inconsistent citations{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
• Nickson, Chris (1998). Mariah Carey revisited: her story. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312195120.

• 1997 singles
• Mariah Carey songs
• Pop ballads
• Rhythm and blues ballads
• Songs written by Walter Afanasieff
• Songs written by Mariah Carey
• Music videos directed by Mariah Carey