Misplaced Pages

Criticism of - Misplaced Pages

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Herschelkrustofsky (talk | contribs) at 15:15, 18 March 2006 (Censorship). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Revision as of 15:15, 18 March 2006 by Herschelkrustofsky (talk | contribs) (Censorship)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) In Misplaced Pages, see Misplaced Pages:Criticisms, Misplaced Pages:Why Misplaced Pages is not so great, and Misplaced Pages:Replies to common objections.

Criticism of Misplaced Pages has increased with its prominence. Critics include current and former Wikipedians, representatives of other encyclopedias, and subjects of articles. Notable criticisms include that its open nature makes Misplaced Pages unauthoritative and unreliable, that it exhibits systemic bias, and that the group dynamics of its community hinder its goals.

Others consider Misplaced Pages to be functioning well as an encyclopedia, particularly when used for research on uncontroversial or obscure topics.

Criticism of the concept

Usefulness as a reference

Misplaced Pages's utility as a reference work has been questioned. The lack of authority, accountability, and peer review are considered disqualifying factors by some. For example, librarian Philip Bradley acknowledged in an interview with The Guardian that the concept behind the site was in theory a "lovely idea," but that he would not use it in practice, and that he is "not aware of a single librarian who would. The main problem is the lack of authority. With printed publications, the publishers have to ensure that their data is reliable, as their livelihood depends on it. But with something like this, all that goes out the window" (Waldman 2004).

Likewise, Robert McHenry, former editor-in-chief of Encyclopædia Britannica said: "The user who visits Misplaced Pages to learn about some subject, to confirm some matter of fact, is rather in the position of a visitor to a public restroom. It may be obviously dirty, so that he knows to exercise great care, or it may seem fairly clean, so that he may be lulled into a false sense of security. What he certainly does not know is who has used the facilities before him" (McHenry 2004).

However, Discover Magazine noted in its March 2006 issue that "cience entries in Misplaced Pages, the open-source online encyclopedia that anyone can edit, are nearly as error-free as those in Encyclopædia Britannica, according to a team of expert reviewers."

Suitability as an encyclopedia

Critics such as McHenry have said that Misplaced Pages errs in billing itself as an encyclopedia, because that word implies a level of authority and accountability that an openly editable reference work allegedly cannot possess. McHenry argues that "to the ordinary user, the turmoil and uncertainty that may lurk beneath the surface of a Misplaced Pages article are invisible. He or she arrives at a Misplaced Pages article via Google, perhaps, and sees that it is part of what claims to be an "encyclopedia". This is a word that carries a powerful connotation of reliability. The typical user doesn't know how conventional encyclopedias achieve reliability, only that they do" (McHenry 2005).

Frequent Misplaced Pages critic Andrew Orlowski writes:

If what we today know as 'Misplaced Pages' had started life as something called, let's say — 'Jimbo's Big Bag O'Trivia' — we doubt if it would be the problem it has become. Misplaced Pages is indeed, as its supporters claim, a phenomenal source of pop culture trivia. Maybe a 'Big Bag O'Trivia' is all Jimbo ever wanted. Maybe not.
For sure a libel is a libel, but the outrage would have been far more muted if the Misplaced Pages project didn't make such grand claims for itself. The problem with this vanity exercise is one that it's largely created for itself. The public has a firm idea of what an 'encyclopedia' is, and it's a place where information can generally be trusted, or at least slightly more trusted than what a labyrinthine, mysterious bureaucracy can agree upon, and surely more trustworthy than a piece of spontaneous graffiti — and Misplaced Pages is a king-sized cocktail of the two. (Orlowski 2005)

Jerry Holkins of Penny Arcade noted on his online webcomic that the "response is: the collaborative nature of the apparatus means that the right data tends to emerge, ultimately, even if there is turmoil temporarily as dichotomous viewpoints violently intersect. To which I reply: that does not inspire confidence. In fact, it makes the whole effort even more ridiculous. What you've proposed is a kind of quantum encyclopedia, where genuine data both exists and doesn't exist depending on the precise moment I rely upon your discordant fucking mob for my information."

File:Bunny 303.png
Bunny № 303, July 2nd, 2005, lampooning the falsely reported death of Jeph Jacques on his Misplaced Pages page.
File:Penny Arcade comic-20051216h.jpg
Penny Arcade comic from December 16, 2005. Skeletor edits He-Man's Misplaced Pages page.

Academic circles have not been entirely dismissive of Misplaced Pages as a source of information. Misplaced Pages articles have been referenced in "enhanced perspectives" provided on-line in the journal Science. The first of these perspectives to provide a hyperlink to Misplaced Pages was "A White Collar Protein Senses Blue Light" (Linden 2002:297 (5582)), and dozens of enhanced perspectives have provided such links since then. However, these links are offered as background sources for the reader, not as sources used by the writer, and the "enhanced perspectives" are not intended to serve as reference material themselves.

Others have suggested that while Misplaced Pages may not be an encyclopedia, this is not such a bad thing. A discussion on MeatballWiki on the topic contains the following introduction:

The Misplaced Pages is not an encyclopedia. No-one should be offended by that statement, it doesn't mean that it is less or more, it means it is different, something new. The classical encyclopedia was a compendium of knowledge in a limited amount of space, it was not an attempt to gather all knowledge, it was an attempt to compile the important knowledge, the essence of what a knowledgable person might be expected to know. The restriction to - let's say - 25 x 1000 = 25.000 pages was characteristic and important. It meant that any topic had to meet two challenges: (1) is it important enough to make an entry and (2) how much space should be devoted to it. None of these characteristics applies to the Misplaced Pages, so Misplaced Pages is something new. Maybe its a try at a new library of Alexandria containing all available knowledge.

Anti-elitism as a weakness

Former editor-in-chief of Nupedia, Larry Sanger, stated in an opinion piece in kuro5hin that "anti-elitism" — active contempt for expertise — was rampant within the Misplaced Pages community. He further stated that "ar too much credence and respect accorded to people who in other Internet contexts would be labelled 'trolls'."

A common Misplaced Pages maxim is "Out of mediocrity, excellence." Jimmy Wales, the site's founder, admits that wide variations in quality between different articles and topics is not insignificant, but that he considers the average quality to be "pretty good," getting better by the day.

Staff at the Encyclopædia Britannica say it does not feel threatened by Misplaced Pages. "The premise of Misplaced Pages is that continuous improvement will lead to perfection; that premise is completely unproven," the reference work's executive editor, Ted Pappas, told The Guardian.

Systemic bias in coverage

Misplaced Pages has been accused of systemic bias, a tendency to cover topics in a detail disproportionate to their importance. Even the site's proponents admit to this unavoidable flaw. In an interview with The Guardian, Dale Hoiberg, the editor-in-chief of Encyclopædia Britannica, noted that "people write of things they're interested in, and so many subjects don't get covered; and news events get covered in great detail. The entry on Hurricane Frances is more than five times the length of that on Chinese art, and the entry on Coronation Street is twice as long as the article on Tony Blair" (Waldman 2004).

Waldman gave this interview on October 26, 2004. By March 28, 2005, without counting subarticles, the Chinese art article had become three times as large as the article on Hurricane Frances, while the article on Tony Blair was 50% larger than the article on Coronation Street. Proponents of Misplaced Pages point to such statistics to show that systemic bias will diminish over time. Opponents point out that these articles drew attention from the Misplaced Pages community because they were specifically mentioned by Hoiberg, and this increase in size was not universal.

While it has long been one of Jimmy Wales' goals to distribute Misplaced Pages in the poor nations of the world, the current Misplaced Pages would give them a product that does an inadequate job of covering their regions. Below is a comparison between how many times Canada and Nigeria are mentioned in four encyclopedias. The second column is the ratio of mentions of Belgium to mentions of Rwanda.

Canada:
Nigeria
Belgium:
Rwanda
Encyclopedia
27:1 11:1 Misplaced Pages
19:1 4:1 Encarta
12:1 4:1 Columbia
5:1 4:1 Britannica

Systemic bias in perspective

A more difficult problem to address is that, even when topics are covered, they are covered from what seems to be a neutral point of view to the current participants only, which may not meet the neutrality standards of the current readership as a whole, or of the potential readership.

While some critics have raised this issue within the Misplaced Pages community, they have been unsatisfied with the response. For example, a 2002 attempt to ask questions about what would be required to prepare Misplaced Pages for the one billionth user went nowhere. Since that time, there have been numerous efforts to address the difference between neutral point of view and the perspective of new contributors with views typical of some large group of people, but not typical of the average Misplaced Pages contributor. In response to this issue, a group of Wikipedians on the English Misplaced Pages have established a WikiProject, Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Countering systemic bias. They have a list of open tasks which detail various areas they have determined need to be resolved.

The concept of a neutral point of view itself has itself been criticized as being misleading, impossible, and sometimes even offensive in its results. Some critics and even some Wikipedians say that a NPOV is an unattainable ideal, although this does not rule out the possibility of a close approximation being reached.

Difficulty of fact-checking

Misplaced Pages contains no formal peer review process for fact-checking, and due to the lack of requiring qualifications to edit any article, the editors themselves may not be well-versed in the topics they write about. Since the bulk of Misplaced Pages's fact-checking involves an internet search (which may find mirrors of Misplaced Pages, including some which do not clearly acknowledge their nature as such), self-perpetuating errors are inevitable. The amount of fact-checking per page is directly related to the amount of frequent editors per page, thus errors on obscure topics may remain for some time. Even in pages with dozens of editors, a fact erroneously inserted along with dozens of other changes may "slip" into a page and stay. As well, since all edits of one user are displayed instantly to all readers, it is essentially impossible for any fact checking to occur until after the information (or misinformation) is already published.

This particular criticism is Misplaced Pages's most frequently encountered weakness in reality. Sometimes, the subject of a biographical article must fix blatant lies about his own life.

A nihilartikel was once inserted into Misplaced Pages that lasted for five months. One editor made five edits which remained unnoticed for up to five days .

Use of dubious sources

Misplaced Pages requests Wikipedians to verify the accuracy of information by checking the references cited, which generally come from external sources. Many of these articles often do not include references for statements made, nor do the articles differentiate between true, false, and opinion. Some critics contend that the references have come from dubious sources, such as blog entries. For example, a blog entry may contain several inaccuracies and stereotypes, because many bloggers may have their own self-interests. Critics contend that use of such unsound references give legitimacy to articles, which contain many falsehoods. An article about the soundness of a particular issue may find legitimacy by using references found on an organization's website supporting that particular stance. Misplaced Pages's policies on sourcing, however, do not allow blogs to be used as primary sources.

Hiawatha Bray (2004) of the Boston Globe wrote: "So of course Misplaced Pages is popular. Maybe too popular. For it lacks one vital feature of the traditional encyclopedia: accountability. Old-school reference books hire expert scholars to write their articles, and employ skilled editors to check and double-check their work. Misplaced Pages's articles are written by anyone who fancies himself an expert.".

Exposure to vandals

In 2005, Misplaced Pages received a great deal of bad publicity as a result of the John Seigenthaler Sr. Misplaced Pages biography controversy, in which a then-unknown vandal created a biographical page on Seigenthaler containing numerous false and defamatory statements; this page went unnoticed for several months until discovered by Victor S. Johnson, Jr., a friend of Seigenthaler. Likewise, numerous other pages have been attacked and defaced by vandals; either with axes to grind against a particular subject (then defamed or unfairly and unencyclopedically criticized in a Misplaced Pages article); or against Misplaced Pages itself. There have even been instances of Misplaced Pages critics injecting false information into Misplaced Pages in order to "test" the system and demonstrate its alleged unreliability.

Misplaced Pages itself acknowledges these issues. "Researching with Misplaced Pages", a "project page" (that is, part of the Misplaced Pages site, though not part of the encyclopedia as such), states, "Misplaced Pages's radical openness means that any given article may be, at any given moment, in a bad state: for example it could be in the middle of a large edit or it could have been recently vandalized. While blatant vandalism is usually easily spotted and rapidly corrected, Misplaced Pages is certainly more subject to subtle vandalism than a typical reference work."

Misplaced Pages has numerous tools available to editors (and several more available only to administrators) in order to combat vandalism; proponents of the encyclopedia argue that the vast majority of attacks on Misplaced Pages are detected and reverted within a short time frame (one study by IBM found that most vandalism on Misplaced Pages is reverted in about 5 minutes ). Notwithstanding such assurances, there have been several incidents where defamatory, unsubstantiated, or manifestly untrue claims have persisted in current versions of Misplaced Pages articles for significant amounts of time, the Seigenthaler incident being the most prominent such incident to date. Supporters of Misplaced Pages also frequently claim that undetected vandalism mainly is an issue with low-profile articles. Most undetected vandalizing edits are done by registered users, which are often reviewed less often than those by anonymous users.

Scholarly sounding vandalism isn't easily detected because it is well written and fits the style of the article. If someone added a line saying that a famous person "farts all the time," it would be erased. A scholarly-sounding paragraph about flatulence existed for over a month in a Misplaced Pages biography:

Never the one to be embarrassed by life's peculiarities, Larry King has often been said to have a bit of a flatulence habit while on air at CNN, which isn't curbed by having guests in the studio. A favorite moment of his, and an often repeated story, involved an interview conducted with former President Jimmy Carter who, after some length of time in studio, chided Larry & asked him to please stop, or he'd have to end the interview. Larry ever present in the moment adeptly steered the conversation to global warming and the effects of bovine emissions on the ozone.

It should be noted that such postings violate numerous Misplaced Pages policies, most importantly Misplaced Pages's policy on verifiability.

Additionally, the issue of vandalism detection is an important one. Most vandalism is detected via "Recent changes", a listing of all recent edits. As such, even obvious vandalism that slips by those who watch for vandalism may remain undetected for several weeks, or even months.

Exposure to political operatives and advocates

While Misplaced Pages has a policy requiring articles to have a neutral point of view, it is not immune from attempts by outsiders with an agenda to place a spin on articles. In January 2006 it was revealed that several staffers of members of the U.S. House of Representatives had embarked on a campaign to cleanse their respective bosses' biographies on Misplaced Pages, as well as inserting negative remarks on political opponents. References to a campaign promise by Martin Meehan to surrender his seat in 2000 were deleted by Meehan's staffers, and a congressional staffer inserted a comment in the article on Bill Frist claiming he is "ineffective". Some of the remarks were well outside the usual bounds of fair comment, such as a claim that Eric Cantor, a congressman from Virginia, "smells like cow dung".

In an interview, Misplaced Pages founder Jimmy Wales remarked that the changes were "not cool".

Numerous other changes were made from an IP address which is assigned to the House of Representatives.

Privacy concerns

Most privacy concerns refer to cases of government or employer data gathering; or to computer or electronic monitoring; or to trading data between organizations. See LEGAL ISSUES IN EMPLOYEE PRIVACY for example. The concern in the case of Misplaced Pages is the right of a private citizen to remain private; to not move from being a "private citizen" to being a "public figure" in the eyes of the law (see for the legal distinction). It is somewhat of a battle between the right to be anonymous in cyberspace and the right be anonymous in real life (meatspace).

"he Internet has created conflicts between personal privacy, commercial interests and the interests of society at large" warns James Donnelly and Jenifer Haeckl in PRIVACY AND SECURITY ON THE INTERNET: What Rights, What Remedies?.

Balancing the rights of all concerned as technology alters the social landscape will not be easy. It "is not yet possible to anticipate the path of the common law or governmental regulation" regarding this problem. .

Daniel Brandt's Misplaced Pages Watch states "Misplaced Pages is a potential menace to anyone who values privacy. A greater degree of accountability in the Misplaced Pages structure, as discussed above, would also be the very first step toward resolving the privacy problem." Paradoxically, Brandt's own website violates the privacy of several Misplaced Pages administrators by publishing their personal information without their consent. Brandt appears to justify this (from his personal perspective) as retribution against the existence of his own Misplaced Pages page.

A particular problem occurs in the case of an individual who is relatively unimportant and for whom there exists a Misplaced Pages page against their will. An argument can be sustained that if the person for example has mental health problems, the public's right to know about such an unimportant individual is easily outweighed by the detrimental effects on such an individual of the Misplaced Pages page. A list of such individuals will not be given here, so as to not draw further attention to them.

In addition, Misplaced Pages has run afoul of privacy laws in countries outside the United States, where it is hosted. In January, 2006 a German court ordered the German-language Misplaced Pages shut down within Germany due to its publication of the full name of Boris Floricic, aka "Tron", a deceased hacker who was formerly with the Chaos Computer Club. More specifically, the court ordered that the URL within the German .de domain (http://www.wikipedia.de/) may no longer redirect to the encyclopedia's servers in Florida at http://de.wikipedia.org/, though since German readers are still able to use the US-based URL directly, there is not really any loss of access on their part. The court order arose out of a lawsuit filed by Floricic's parents, demanding that their son's surname be removed from Misplaced Pages.

German law provides that the media may not publish the full names of defendents in criminal proceedings. On January 20, the Wikimedia Foundation, which hosts the various Wikipedias, reached a settlement with the court in the matter. Other countries may also have privacy laws which come into conflict with Misplaced Pages's editorial policies, which are heavily dependent on free speech laws in effect in the U.S., and generally permit publication of anything which is verifiable and does not contain an inapproproiate point of view.

Quality concerns

Many critics of Misplaced Pages – as well as many within the Misplaced Pages community – have observed that the quality of articles varies widely, even when controversial topics are excluded from the discussion. Some articles are excellent by any reasonable measure – authored and edited by persons knowledgeable in the field, containing numerous useful and relevant references, and written in a proper encyclopedic style. However, there are many articles on Misplaced Pages which are amateurish, unauthoritative, and even incorrect, making it difficult for a reader unfamiliar with the subject matter to know which articles are correct and which are not. In addition, Misplaced Pages contains many articles which are stubs – articles which provide a brief definition of a term, and little else.

Others have noted that in some areas, such as science, Misplaced Pages's quality is often excellent. A report by Nature, a highly-regarded scientific journal, finds that "Misplaced Pages comes close to Britannica in terms of the accuracy of its science entries". The article detailed a study wherein 42 articles in both encyclopedias were reviewed by experts on the subject matter. Based on the review, the average Misplaced Pages article contained 4 errors or omissions; the average Britannica article, 3.

Threat to traditional publishers

Some observers claim that Misplaced Pages is undesirable, because it is an economic threat to publishers of traditional encyclopedias, many of whom may be unable to compete with a product which is essentially free. Nicholas Carr writes in the essay The amorality of Web 2.0, speaking of the so-called Web 2.0 as a whole:

Misplaced Pages might be a pale shadow of the Britannica, but because it's created by amateurs rather than professionals, it's free. And free trumps quality all the time. So what happens to those poor saps who write encyclopedias for a living? They wither and die. The same thing happens when blogs and other free on-line content go up against old-fashioned newspapers and magazines. Of course the mainstream media sees the blogosphere as a competitor. It is a competitor. And, given the economics of the competition, it may well turn out to be a superior competitor. The layoffs we've recently seen at major newspapers may just be the beginning, and those layoffs should be cause not for self-satisfied snickering but for despair. Implicit in the ecstatic visions of Web 2.0 is the hegemony of the amateur. I for one can't imagine anything more frightening.

Others dispute the notion that Misplaced Pages, or similar efforts, will entirely displace traditional publications.

Anonymous editing

Misplaced Pages has been criticized by many for allowing users to edit anonymously, with only their IP address to identify them. This is said to allow the vandals anonymity and makes it difficult to track them, due to the long and hard to remember nature of IP addresses. However IP edits reveal their IP address which can be used by admins to complain to ISPs or put range blocks in place or not to block because of possible blocking of regular editors who share the same IP. Many have suggested making user registration required to edit articles, and as of December 6, 2005 only registered users can create pages (Wales 2005).

The vast majority of vandalism on Misplaced Pages is done by anonymous users. Of course, many anonymous users make good edits. Vandalism is still relatively straightforward to deal with. Due to the many users of Misplaced Pages, most vandalism is reverted quickly.

It is predicted that as the number of Internet users grows, the interest in Misplaced Pages will grow immensely. With this immense growth, critics of anonymous editing predict, will come a hard to cope with amount of vandalism as more and more people discover Misplaced Pages. However exponential growth will also increase the number of non vandal editors who are able to revert vandal edits.

Copyright issues

A significant number of people have commented that many images, and some articles, are copyright violations. Often images are uploaded and incorrectly tagged as fair use, which is discouraged but not disallowed on Misplaced Pages. However, unless an image has a fair use criteria, it will likely be listed on images for deletion. There is also a copyright violations page where violations can be listed, and Misplaced Pages has their own designated agent who can take down content when requested.

Criticism of the community

Criticism is also targeted at the community of Misplaced Pages editors, whose group dynamics manifest themselves in how and by whom articles are edited. Critics of these processes argue that they are actively hindering the production of a quality encyclopedia.

Flame wars

Some people predict that Misplaced Pages is going to end up as "just a bunch of flame wars". This concern has been acknowledged by Misplaced Pages's community, which has developed a concept of "Wikiquette" in response.

Fanatics and special interests

Several contributors have complained that editing Misplaced Pages is very tedious in the case of conflicts and that sufficiently dedicated contributors with idiosyncratic beliefs can push their point of view, because nobody has the time and energy to counteract the bias. Some contributors have alleged that informal Misplaced Pages coalitions work regularly to push and to suppress certain points of view. For example, they often allege that certain pages have been taken over by fanatics and special interest groups that consistently revert the contributions of new contributors. This problem tends to occur most around controversial subjects, and sometimes results in revert wars and pages being locked down. In response, an Arbitration Committee has been formed on the English Misplaced Pages that deals with the worst offenders — though a conflict resolution strategy is actively encouraged before going to this extent. Also, to stop the continuous reverting of pages, Jimbo Wales introduced a "three revert rule", whereby those users who revert an article more than three times in a 24 hour period are blocked for 24 hours.

Censorship

Some argue that criticisms and commentary on certain topics are systematically excluded, deleted or reverted by self-appointed censors, and that even attempts to make compromises or build up articles to include a variety of views are thwarted by uncompromising "vandal-editors" who simply delete or revert unwanted views that don't fit their agenda. Misplaced Pages's policy is to fairly represent all sides of a dispute by not making articles state, imply, or insinuate that only one side is correct; however it can be difficult for this policy to be enforced. The Wikimedia Foundation, parent of Misplaced Pages, has received substantial contributions from foundations that promote a political agenda, such as $40,000 from the Lounsbery Foundation of Richard Lounsbery and $20,000 from the Open Society Institute of George Soros. Under the circumstances, it may be reasonable to ask whether Misplaced Pages is expected, in return, to play a gatekeeping role.

Abuse of power

A number of editors have quit after denouncing what they have described as abuses of power by Administrators and the Arbitration Committee. Such abuses include ignoring violations by Administrators and conducting Arbitration Committee actions which are in violation of the Misplaced Pages:Arbitration policy.

See also

In Misplaced Pages, see Misplaced Pages:Misplaced Pages Signpost/2005-10-31/Guardian rates articles.

References

External links

Dated links

This article incorporates text from the GFDL Misplaced Pages article Misplaced Pages:Replies to common objections.

Categories: