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Ethephon

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Ethephon
Names
IUPAC name 2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid
Other names Bromeflor
Arvest
Ethrel
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.037.002 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C2H6ClO3P/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h1-2H2,(H2,4,5,6)Key: UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C2H6ClO3P/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h1-2H2,(H2,4,5,6)Key: UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYAQ
SMILES
  • ClCCP(=O)(O)O
Properties
Chemical formula C2H6ClO3P
Molar mass 144.5 g/mol
Density 1.409 g/cm³
Melting point 74 °C (165 °F; 347 K)
Solubility in water 123.9 g/100 ml at 23 C
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards Corrosive
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Ethephon is the most widely used plant growth regulator.

History

It is manufacturered by Rhône-Poulenc (Bayer Crop Science) and Jiangsu Anpon Electrochemicals Co. in China. Upon metabolism by the plant, it is converted into ethylene, a potent regulator of plant growth and maturity. It is often used on wheat, coffee, tobacco, cotton, and rice in order to help the plant's fruit reach maturity more quickly. Cotton is the most important single crop use for ethephon. It initiates fruiting over a period of several weeks, promotes early concentrated boll opening, and enhances defoliation to facilitate and improve efficiency of scheduled harvesting. Harvested cotton quality is improved.

Ethephon also is widely used by pineapple growers to initiate reproductive development (force) of pineapple. Ethephon is also sprayed on mature-green pineapple fruits to degreen them to meet produce marketing requirements. There can be some detrimental effect on fruit quality.

Although many environmental groups worry about toxicity resulting from use of growth hormones and fertilizers, the toxicity of ethephon is actually very low, and any ethephon used on the plant is converted very quickly to ethylene.

References

  1. Pesticide Information Profiles: Ethephon, Extension Toxicology Net. Sept 1995.
  2. "1994 Joint meeting of the FAO panel of experts on pesticide residues in food and the environment." UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 1994.
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