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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name 2-Amino-4-(hydroxy(methyl)phosphonoyl)butanoic acid | |
| Other names Phosphinothricin | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.051.893 
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| EC Number |
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| KEGG | |
| PubChem CID | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
InChI
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SMILES
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| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C5H12NO4P |
| Molar mass | 181.127 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
 Y verify (what is ?)
Infobox references
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Glufosinate or its ammonium salt DL-phosphinothricin is an active ingredient in several nonselective systemic herbicides - Basta, Rely, Finale, Ignite, Challenge and Liberty. It interferes with the biosynthetic pathway of the amino acid glutamine and with ammonia detoxification.
Some plants have been genetically modified for resistance to glufosinate. The gene which gives resistance to glufosinate is a bar or pat gene which was first isolated from two species of Streptomyces bacteria. There are glufosinate-resistant transgenic varieties of several crops, including cotton, canola, corn, soybean, sugarbeet, and rice. Of these, only canola, cotton and maize are currently on the market. This includes Bayer's LibertyLink genes, used in over 100 hybrids.
Glufosinate was included in a biocide ban proposed by the Swedish Chemicals Agency and approved by the European Parliament on January 13, 2009.
Liberty Link crops
In response to Monsanto's hugely successful Roundup Ready crops, Bayer Crop Science released its own herbicide tolerant crops. The range of crops tolerant to the herbicide glufosinate include cotton, soybean, canola and corn. These crops are also known as Liberty Link crops.
One advantage to producing Liberty Link crops is that any glyphosate resistance encountered in problematic weeds, such as rye grass, is overcome due to glufosinate having a completely different mode of action.
Mode of action
Phosphinothricin is an glutamine synthetase inhibitor that binds to the glutamate site. Glufosinate treated plants die due to a buildup of ammonia and a cessation of photosynthesis due to lack of glutamine.
References
- "Interpretation of criteria for approval of active substances in the proposed EU plant protection regulation". Swedish Chemicals Agency (KemI). 2008-09-23. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
- "MEPs approve pesticides legislation". 2009-01-13. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
- http://www.bayercropscience.com/BCSWeb/CropProtection.nsf/id/glufosinate_ammonium_nsu.htm?open&l=EN&ccm=200020