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Revision as of 06:49, 11 August 2011 by VMS Mosaic (talk | contribs) (Undid revision 444216627 by 94.159.208.85 (talk) adds nothing to article)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) "Blue 1" redirects here. For the airline, see Blue1. Not to be confused with Brilliant Blue G.
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name ethyl - amino] phenyl] - (2 - sulfophenyl) methylidene] - 1 - cyclohexa - 2, 5 - dienylidene] - azanium | |
| Other names
FD&C Blue No.1 Acid Blue 9 D&C Blue No. 4 Alzen Food Blue No. 1 Atracid Blue FG Erioglaucine Eriosky blue Patent Blue AR Xylene Blue VSG | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.021.219 
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| E number | E133 (colours) |
| PubChem CID | |
| UNII | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
InChI
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SMILES
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| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C37H34N2Na2O9S3 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
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Brilliant Blue FCF (Blue 1), also known under commercial names, is a colorant for foods and other substances to induce a color change.(It also is almost chemically identical to green 3, with only the difference of one oxygen atom.) It is denoted by E number E133 and has a color index of 42090. It has the appearance of a reddish-blue powder. It is soluble in water, and the solution has a maximum absorption at about 628 nanometer.
Chemistry
It is a synthetic dye produced using aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum. It can be combined with tartrazine (E102) to produce various shades of green.
It is usually a disodium salt. The diammonium salt has CAS number 2650-18-2. Calcium and potassium salts are also permitted. It can also appear as an aluminium lake. The chemical formation is C37H34N2Na2O9S3. The dye is poorly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and 95% of the ingested dye can be found in the feces. It also reacts with certain bile pigments to form green feces.
Applications
As a blue color, Brilliant Blue FCF is often found in ice cream, canned processed peas, packet soups, bottled food colorings, icings, ice pops, blue raspberry flavored products, dairy products, sweets and drinks. It is also used in soaps, shampoos, mouthwash and other hygiene and cosmetics applications. In soil science, Brilliant Blue is applied in tracing studies to visualize infiltration and water distribution in the soil.
Health and safety
Brilliant Blue FCF has previously been banned in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland among others but has been certified as a safe food additive in the EU and is today legal in most of the countries. It has the capacity for inducing an allergic reaction in individuals with pre-existing moderate asthma. In the United States production exceeds 1 million pounds annually, and daily consumption is around 16 mg per person. Extensive testing has lead the National Institutes of Health to conclude that color additives do not cause hyperactivity.
Biomedical research
Scientists who were investigating the use of compounds to lessen the severity of inflammation following spinal cord injury had previously tested a compound called OxATP to block a key ATP receptor in spinal neurons. However, OxATP has toxic side effects and must be injected directly into the spinal cord; in searching for alternatives they noted that Brilliant Blue FCF has a similar structure. This led them to test a related dye, Brilliant Blue G, also known as Coomassie Brilliant Blue in rats, which improved recovery from spinal cord injury.
References
- El Ali, Bassam M.; Bassam El Ali; Ali, Mohammad Farahat (2005). Handbook of industrial chemistry: organic chemicals. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-141037-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Nestle Aero packet ingredients listing barcode: 7613031579334
- "LISTERINE Antiseptic Mouthwash, SMART RINSE, WHITENING, ADVANCED, Fluoride Rinse, and Tartar Protection Products". Listerine.com. Retrieved 2009-07-31.
- J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.; VOL 64 ISS Jul 1979, P32-37, (REF 25)
- FDA/IFIC Brochure, Food Color Facts. Food and Drug Administration. January 1993.
- Peng, Weiguo (July 28, 2009). "Systemic administration of an antagonist of the ATP-sensitive receptor P2X7 improves recovery after spinal cord injury". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (30): 12489–12493. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902531106. PMC 2718350. PMID 19666625. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
- W. H. Hansen (1966). "Chronic toxicity of two food colors, Brilliant Blue FCF and Indigotine". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 8 (1): 29–36. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(66)90097-4. PMID 5950860.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - J. F. Borzelleca (1990). "Lifetime toxicity/carcinogenicity studies of FD & C blue No. 1 (Brilliant blue FCF) in rats and mice". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 28 (4): 221–235. doi:10.1016/0278-6915(90)90034-K.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - J. P. Brown (1980). "Synthesis of C-labelled FD & C blue no. 1 (brilliant blue FCF) and its intestinal absorption and metabolic fate in rats". Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. 18 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/0015-6264(80)90002-4.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
External links
- The Chemistry of Colors
- Some more details, other common names
- FDA Public Health Advisory on use in enteral feeding
- The Feingold Diet; Dubious Benefits, Subtle Risks