This is an old revision of this page, as edited by CheMoBot (talk | contribs) at 04:50, 30 August 2011 (Updating {{drugbox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'DrugBank_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (report errors or [[u). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Revision as of 04:50, 30 August 2011 by CheMoBot (talk | contribs) (Updating {{drugbox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'DrugBank_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (report errors or [[u)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Pharmaceutical compound | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Felbatol |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a606011 |
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Routes of administration | Oral |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | > 90% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Elimination half-life | 20-23 hours |
| Excretion | ? |
| Identifiers | |
IUPAC name
| |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.042.714  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C11H14N2O4 |
| Molar mass | 238.24 g·mol |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
SMILES
| |
InChI
| |
| (verify) | |
Felbamate (marketed under the brand name Felbatol by MedPointe) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is used to treat partial seizures (with and without generalization) in adults and partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children. However, an increased risk of potentially fatal aplastic anemia and/or liver failure limit the drugs usage to severe refractory epilepsy.
Mechanism of action
As with many anticonvulsants, the precise mechanism is unknown.
It has an effect on GABA receptor binding sites.
It may also work as a NMDA receptor antagonist.
Approval history
United States
- August 1993. Felbamate was approved for partial seizures with and without secondary generalization in adults and for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, a serious form of childhood epilepsy. Over the following year 150,000 people were started on felbamate therapy and a third of these became established.
- August 1, 1994. It was urgently withdrawn after 10 cases of aplastic anemia. A "Dear Doctor" letter was sent to 240,000 physicians.
- September 27, 1994. Felbamate had a limited redemption in another "Dear Doctor" letter sent to 260,000 physicians. It was recommended that the drug remain available only for patients with severe epilepsy for whom the benefits outweigh the risks, and that changes be made to the product's labelling to reflect the newly recognized risk. This redemption came with an additional warning since there had been 10 cases acute liver failure (4 of which were fatal). At this point, 10,000 to 12,000 people remained on the drug.
United Kingdom
- The drug is only available on a limited named-patient basis.
Indications and usage
- Adults: Monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures, with and without generalization.
- Children: Adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Dosing
Felbamate is available in tablets (400 mg and 600 mg) and as a peach-coloured oral suspension (600 mg/5 mL).
- Adults (> 14 years): begin with 1,200 mg daily given every 6 to 8 hours
- Children (2 > 14 years): 15 to 45 mg per kg per day given every 6 to 8 hours
Side effects
Adverse reactions include decreased appetite, vomiting, insomnia, nausea, dizziness, somnolence, and headache. Many patients report increased alertness with the drug. Two rare but very serious effects include aplastic anemia and hepatic (liver) failure. The risk of aplastic anemia is between 1:3,600 and 1:5,000, of which 30% of cases are fatal. The risk of hepatic failure is between 1:24,000 to 1:34,000, of which 40% of cases are fatal.
Drug interactions
Felbamate is an inhibitor of CYP2C19, an isoenzyme of the cytochrome P450 system involved in the metabolism of several commonly used medications. Felbamate interacts with several other AEDs, including phenytoin, valproate, and carbamazepine; dosage adjustments may be necessary to avoid adverse effects. Concomitant administration of felbamate and carbamazepine decreases blood levels of both drugs, while increasing the level of carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide, the active metabolite of carbamazepine.
References
- "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
- Rho JM, Donevan SD, Rogawski MA (1997). "Barbiturate-like actions of the propanediol dicarbamates felbamate and meprobamate". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 280 (3): 1383–91. PMID 9067327.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Leppik IE, Dreifuss FE, Pledger GW; et al. (1991). "Felbamate for partial seizures: results of a controlled clinical trial". Neurology. 41 (11): 1785–9. PMID 1944909.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Devinsky O, Faught RE, Wilder BJ; et al. (1995). "Efficacy of felbamate monotherapy in patients undergoing presurgical evaluation of partial seizures". Epilepsy Res. 20 (3): 241–6. doi:10.1016/0920-1211(94)00084-A. PMID 7796796.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Kume A, Greenfield LJ, Macdonald RL, Albin RL (1996). "Felbamate inhibits [3H]t-butylbicycloorthobenzoate (TBOB) binding and enhances Cl- current at the gamma-aminobutyric AcidA (GABAA) receptor". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 277 (3): 1784–92. PMID 8667250.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Prous Science: Molecule of the Month January 2005
- "www.fda.gov". Retrieved 2008-11-15.
- "www.fda.gov". Retrieved 2008-11-15.
- Flockhart DA (2007). "Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table". Indiana University School of Medicine. Retrieved on December 25, 2008.
- Curry WJ, Kulling DL (1998). "Newer antiepileptic drugs: gabapentin, lamotrigine, felbamate, topiramate and fosphenytoin". Am Fam Physician. 57 (3): 513–20. PMID 9475899.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)
External links
- Felbatol: Prescribing Information
- RxList: Felbamate contains extensive information including the patient warning and a sample consent form.
- Hard Choices with Felbamate
- Newer Antiepileptic Drugs: Gabapentin, Lamotrigine, Felbamate, Topiramate and Fosphenytoin
- MedPonte Pharmaceuticals