This is an old revision of this page, as edited by CheMoBot (talk | contribs) at 20:48, 1 September 2011 (Updating {{drugbox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'ChemSpiderID_Ref', 'UNII_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref', 'StdInChI_Ref', 'StdInChIKey_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (report [[Wik). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Revision as of 20:48, 1 September 2011 by CheMoBot (talk | contribs) (Updating {{drugbox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'ChemSpiderID_Ref', 'UNII_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref', 'StdInChI_Ref', 'StdInChIKey_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (report [[Wik)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Pharmaceutical compound | |
| Clinical data | |
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| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | Oral |
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| Legal status |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ~100 % |
| Metabolism | None |
| Elimination half-life | 3-5 hours |
| Excretion | Urine ~40% bile and perspiration ~60% |
| Identifiers | |
IUPAC name
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| CAS Number | |
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| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.214.874  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C12H14N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 218.3 g/mol g·mol |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
SMILES
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Phenotropil (C12H14N2O2, 2-(4-phenyl-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide) is a derivative of the nootropic drug (R/S)-4-pheyl-2-pyrrolidon. It was developed in Russia, and a small number of low-scale clinical studies have shown possible links between prescription of carphedon and improvement in a number of encephalopathic conditions, including lesions of cerebral blood pathways, and certain types of glioma. It is also claimed to increase physical stamina and provide improved tolerance to cold. As a result, it appears on the lists of banned substances issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency. This list is applicable in all Olympic sports. As of 27 February 2006, the most recent confirmed case of carphedon use by a professional athlete is that of Russian biathlon Olympic silver medalist Olga Pyleva in the 2006 Winter Olympics, who was disqualified from attending further events following a positive drug test. She was subsequently banned from competition for two years. It may be noteworthy that Pyleva claims that carphedon was an unlisted ingredient of a Russian medication she was prescribed by her personal doctor (not a team doctor).
In August 2008, Russian steeplechase runner Roman Usov was pulled out of the Beijing Olympics for what media reported was a possible positive test for Carphedon.
A former rider for Gerolsteiner, professional cyclist Danilo Hondo, tested positive to this banned substance in 2005.
While not widely available in the West, in Russia it is available as a prescription medicine under the brand name "Phenotropil". Packets of ten 100 mg pills are available for roughly 350 rubles (2011 price), or about 12 USD. It is typically prescribed as a general stimulant or to increase tolerance to cold and stress.
See also
References
- CNN, "Runners fail pre-Olympics doping tests", Retrieved on 2008-08-09.
External links
- "Super Speed" from Vice Magazine's Russian issue
- *An interview with Danilo Hondo, 15-Jun-06* from Cyclingnews
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| Psychostimulants, agents used for ADHD, and nootropics (N06B) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N06BA Centrally acting sympathomimetics | |||||||||
| N06BC Xanthine derivatives | |||||||||
| N06BX Other psychostimulants and nootropics | |||||||||
| |||||||||
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